Search

Analyzes the English teaching situation at the vocational school, as well as the target group that was interrogated. Describes the contents of the questionnaire and the results obtained. Attempts to draw conclusions. (IFS/WGA)

The need for competence in Italian is not met by the curriculum of "general education" schools; at the adult level the situation is better. Statistics are given. Besides this objective indication of demand, a need is revealed by a questionnaire, administered to university beginners in various cities. (IFS/WGA)

Presents results from a questionnaire concerning provision for foreign language teaching in the various states of West Germany. The questionnaire was based on the assumption that school radio is a valuable feature in the diversification of foreign language teaching. (IFS/WGA)

Copyright of Anaesthesiologie & Intensivmedizin is the property of DGAI e.V. - Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Anasthesiologie und Intensivmedizin e.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Medizinische Klinik: Intensivmedizin & Notfallmedizin is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zentralblatt fuer Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Cardiac arrest is a life-threatening condition requiring urgent medical care and is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Given that in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) is still poorly investigated, data on health-associated quality of life thereafter remains scarce. The available evidence is mostly transferred from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest studies, but the epidemiology and determinants of success might be different. The aim of the study was to investigate the change in the quality of life after in-hospital cardiac arrest and to identify potential risk factors for a poor outcome. Material and methods: This retrospective analysis of data and prospective evaluation of quality of life included all patients surviving an IHCA and being treated by the emergency medical team between 2010 and 2020. The primary endpoint of the study was the quality of life after IHCA at the reference date. Secondary endpoints covered determination of risk factors and predictors of poor outcome after in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Results: In total 604 patients were resuscitated within the period of 11 years and 61 (10%) patients survived until the interview took place. Finally, 48 (79%) patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and 31 (65%) were included in the study. There was no significant difference in the quality of life before and after cardiac arrest (EQ-5D-5L utility 0.79 vs. 0.78, p = 0.567) and in the EQ-5D-5L visual analogue scale (VAS) score. Conclusion: The quality of life before and after IHCA in survivors was good and comparable. The quality of life was mostly affected by reduced mobility and anxiety/depression. Future studies with larger patient samples should focus on potentially modifiable factors that could prevent, warn, and limit the consequences of in-hospital cardiac arrest. Moreover, research on outcomes of IHCA should include available tools for the quality of life assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zentralblatt fuer Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zentralblatt fuer Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie is the property of Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ergoscience is the property of Schulz-Kirchner Verlag Gmbh and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ergoscience is the property of Schulz-Kirchner Verlag Gmbh and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zentralblatt fuer Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zentralblatt fuer Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Die Urologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Comprehensive anesthesia preparation by means of the anamnesis and physical examination is considered an essential part of the quality criteria for anesthesia. Especially due to the shortage of specialists, there are usually long waiting times in anesthesia outpatient departments and patients must frequently return in cases of missing or pending findings. Telemedicine already offers alternatives in the context of video communication. These alternatives are now particularly prominent due to the currently existing COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting recommendations for digitalization. Objectives: This comparative cross-sectional study was carried out to show via a patient survey which patient groups are suitable for a telemedical anesthesia preparation and whether the patients are already technically sufficiently equipped. Material and methods: For this purpose, a total of 2080 patients (1030 before and 1050 during the pandemic) were interviewed using a questionnaire. For matched paired analyses, 630 pairs were formed according to their age and gender. Results: Before and after the pandemic, there was an increase in the percentage of patients already using video communication in their daily lives (30.4% vs. 41.8%). Before the pandemic, 31.7% of patients indicated that they considered this concept of communication to be a practical and appropriate method for an educational conversation and after the pandemic this number increased to 46.6%. For the majority of patients personal contact with a local anesthesiologist was important (80.7% before vs. 67.4% during the pandemic). The number of patients who had the necessary technical equipment for video communication also increased as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic (50.4% vs. 58.2%). Discussion: Almost half of the patients already seem to be open to a telemedical preoperative evaluation. As digitalization progresses, older generations are more likely to recognize the benefits and be able to own and use the necessary technology in the near future. User acceptance should be the central goal of concept development. This must be followed by a randomized controlled study to evaluate the potentials but also the problems in the perioperative process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zentralblatt fuer Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zentralblatt fuer Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The administration of intravenous fluids includes various indications, e.g., fluid replacement, nutritional therapy or as a solvent for drugs and is a common routine in the intensive care unit (ICU); however, overuse of intravenous fluids can lead to fluid overload, which can be associated with a poorer outcome in critically ill patients. Objective: The aim of this survey was to find out the current status of the use and management of intravenous fluids as well as the interprofessional cooperation involving clinical pharmacists on German ICUs. Methods: An online survey with 33 questions was developed. The answers of 62 participants from the Scientific Working Group on Intensive Care Medicine of the German Society for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine were evaluated. Results: Fluid overload occurs "frequently" in 62.9% (39/62) and "very frequently" in 9.7% (6/62) of the ICUs of respondents. An established standard for an infusion management system is unknown to 71.0% (44/62) of participants and 45.2% of the respondents stated that they did not have a patient data management system. In addition, the participants indicated how they define fluid overload. This was defined by the presence of edema by 50.9% (28/55) and by positive fluid balance by 30.9% (17/55). According to the participants septic patients (38/60; 63.3%) and cardiological/cardiac surgical patients (26/60; 43.3%) are most susceptible to the occurrence of fluid overload. Interprofessional collaboration among intensive care physicians, critical care nurses, and clinical pharmacists to optimize fluid therapy was described as "relevant" by 38.7% (24/62) and "very relevant" by 45.2% (28/62). Participants with clinical pharmacists on the wards (24/62; 38.7%) answered this question more often as "very relevant" with 62.5% (15/24). Conclusion: Fluid overload is a frequent and relevant problem in German intensive care units. Yet there are few established standards in this area. There is also a lack of validated diagnostic parameters and a clear definition of fluid overload. These are required to ensure appropriate and effective treatment that is tailored to the patient and adapted to the respective situation. Intravenous fluids should be considered as drugs that may exert side effects or can be overdosed with severe adverse consequences for the patients. One approach to optimize fluid therapy could be achieved by a fluid stewardship corresponding to comparable established procedures of the antibiotic stewardship. In particular, fluid stewardship will contribute to drug safety of intravenous fluids profiting from joined expertise in a setting of interprofessional collaboration. An important principle of fluid stewardship is to consider intravenous fluids in the same way as medication in terms of their importance. Furthermore, more in-depth studies are needed to investigate the effects of interprofessional fluid stewardship in a prospective and controlled manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anaesthesiologie & Intensivmedizin is the property of DGAI e.V. - Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Anasthesiologie und Intensivmedizin e.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anaesthesiologie & Intensivmedizin is the property of DGAI e.V. - Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Anasthesiologie und Intensivmedizin e.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Hintergrund: Taube Menschen begegnen als sprachliche Minderheit im psychiatrisch-psychotherapeutischen Versorgungssystem zahlreichen Barrieren. Mental Health Literacy (MHL), die für Erkennen, Behandlung und Hilfesuchverhalten bei psychischen Störungen essenziell ist und den Umgang mit Belastungen prägt, wurde bei Tauben Menschen bislang nicht untersucht. Material und Methoden: Taube Menschen (n = 390) wurden online zur MHL und der Einschätzung der Angebote des psychiatrisch-psychotherapeutischen Versorgungssystems befragt. Dafür wurde eine in deutsche Gebärdensprache übersetzte Version des Mental Health Literacy Questionnaire genutzt. Der Einfluss des Spracherwerbszeitpunktes und der Gebärdensprache als natürlicher Erstsprache auf die MHL wurden mithilfe von Welch-Tests und Cohens d untersucht. Ergebnisse: Das durchschnittliche Alter der Teilnehmenden war 32,6 Jahre (SD = 11,0) und ein Großteil (69%) bezeichnete sich als weiblich. In Bezug auf den Ertaubungszeitpunkt wurden 78,7% der Teilnehmenden Taub/schwerhörig geboren und 14,1% sind vor dem vierten Geburtstag ertaubt. Ein früher Spracherwerb (p >0,001) sowie das Erlernen einer Gebärdensprache als Erstsprache (p = 0,02) waren mit einer höher ausgeprägten MHL assoziiert. Die Zufriedenheit mit dem Versorgungssystem bezüglich verschiedener Aspekte (z. B. Eingebundenheit in Behandlung) wurden beschrieben. Diskussion: Die MHL bei Tauben Menschen ist erhöht, wenn ein früher Spracherwerb gegeben ist sowie eine Gebärdensprache als Erstsprache erlernt wurde. Daraus abgeleitet sind gesellschaftliche und gesundheitspolitische Anstrengungen notwendig, um einen frühen Spracherwerb und den Zugang zu Gebärdensprache für Taube Kleinkinder zu ermöglichen. Als zusätzliche Maßnahmen können mögliche Defizite der MHL mit einer erleichterten Zugänglichkeit zu psychischen Gesundheitsinformationen vermindert werden. Dabei könnten die Verfügbarkeit von Informationsmaterialien in Gebärdensprache und die Verbesserung der Ausbildung für Taubes Personal und Gebärdensprachdolmetschende eine wichtige Rolle spielen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zentralblatt fuer Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zentralblatt fuer Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zentralblatt fuer Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Österreichisches Religionspädagogisches Forum (ÖRF) is the property of Osterreichisches Religionspadagogisches Forum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Die Urologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Die Urologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Die Urologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the last decades of the last century, the culture of keeping handwritten scrapbooks was widespread among urban schoolgirls. These scrapbooks are considered one of the small forms of urban and rural folklore of the recent Soviet past and have become an object of study by folklorists and anthropologists. This type of handwritten folklore has been widely studied in the works of foreigners, especially Russian theorists. It is usually referred to as post-folklore or subculture (Neklyudov). Various manifestations of adolescent behavior can be found in these manuscript albums: from rebelliousness to touching lyricism, from magical in-nature guessing games to sociological questionnaires. The predominant texts in these handwritten albums are lyrical texts consisting of couplets, quatrains, and rarely six verses, close to ditties. These small rhyming texts were recorded, memorized, and supplemented by friends and classmates. The tradition of girls’ albums survives today but is perceived as a relic of the Soviet era. These days, young people prefer to use social networks to express themselves. What is the Odnoklassniki portal but an electronic handwritten album? If modern folklore is actively and purposefully studied abroad, in the Armenian reality there are practically no serious studies on the topic so far. The main material of this study is schoolgirls’ notebooks created in Yerevan in the 80–90s of the 20th century, as well as materials recorded by the author from the former albums’ owners. Schoolgirls of this generation are now mature women, some of whom still lovingly keep their school handwritten albums. The article deals with the peculiarities of the folklore of girls’ school albums in Yerevan, the period and medium of their existence, and their genre-thematic manifestations, structure, and contents. The author pays most attention to the poetics of girls’ scrapbooks folklore, which is peculiar to urban schoolchildren. Such issues as bilingualism, thematic layers of these lyrical texts, expression of love feelings in them, attitude to friendship, school, studies, advice about love and life, relations with the older generation, and others are studied. Folklore formulas, allegorical expressions, and fortune-telling games characteristic of school-age psychology are also examined.

Background and research question: In case of events such as a cyber attack or a mass casualty incident, ad hoc measures have to be taken in hospitals. As part of the critical infrastructure, hospitals are required by law to prepare, update and exercise alarm and emergency plans for various special situations. The processes and instruments involved for emergency response are defined in the hospital alert and emergency planning. The present study aims to explain with which resources and for which special situations hospitals are prepared. Methods: A prospective, exploratory, anonymous survey of hospitals in Germany was conducted. Hospitals with both internal medicine and surgery departments were included. Out of 2497 hospitals listed in the German Hospital Directory (www.deutsches-krankenhaus-verzeichnis.de), 1049 met the inclusion criteria. After correcting for hospital groups with shared administrations, 850 employees were identified and contacted by e‑mail. Quality and risk management managers were asked about resources, risks, and content of their own hospital alert and emergency planning using a standardized questionnaire. The survey was conducted using the online platform EFS Survey (Tivian XI GmbH, Cologne) via www.unipark.de. Access to the survey was via a nonpersonalized hyperlink. Apart from the size and type of hospital surveyed, no data were collected that would allow identification of an individual person. Results: Of the participating hospitals 45% (n = 43) were primary care hospitals, 24% (n = 23) were specialty care hospitals, 10% (n = 9) were nonuniversity maximum care hospitals, and 21% (n = 20) were university maximum care hospitals. In total 95 hospitals participated in the survey, of which 98% (n = 93) reported having a hospital alert and emergency plan. Preparation for individual scenarios varied widely. Of the participating hospitals 45% (n = 43) reported having been the target of cyber attacks with an emphasis on maximum care hospitals (55%, n = 11 of 20). Technical redundancy for computer systems is available in 67% (n = 63) of participating hospitals, while independent means of communication exist in 50% (n = 47) of hospitals. A physician-staffed crisis and disaster management unit existed in 60% (n = 56) of the surveyed hospitals. At least a part time position for planning issues was installed in 12 hospitals. Conclusion: Most participating hospitals are aware of the need for a hospital alert and emergency plan and have various scenario-specific plans in place. Especially mass casualty events, fire and hospital evacuation scenarios are uniformly covered among participating hospitals; however, gaps appear to exist not only for chemical, biological or radionuclear situations but also especially in the area of extreme weather events and infrastructure failures. Only about two thirds of all participating hospitals have contingency plans for water supply and/or heating failures. An important limitation of the study is the comparatively low response rate of 12.9% (n = 95 of 850). While primary care hospitals were underrepresented in the study, 32% of Germany's larger hospitals (> 800 beds) participated. In the future, there is a particular need to engage enough medical staff in the area of hospital alert and emergency planning and refunding of these measures by hospitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zentralblatt fuer Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Airway management in children, especially in patients with a difficult airway, remains a major challenge for anesthesiologists, pediatricians, and emergency medicine physicians. In recent years new tools have been introduced into the clinical practice. Objective: The aim was to present the current strategies for securing the airway in neonates in perinatal centers levels II and III in Germany, and to collect data on the rare event of coniotomy. Material and methods: From 5 April 2021 to 15 June 2021, physicians practicing intensive care in pediatrics and neonatology at perinatal centers levels II and III in Germany were surveyed by means of an anonymized online questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed by the authors and verified by pretesting with the help of five pediatric specialists. Contact was made digitally via the e‑mail addresses provided on the websites of the respective centers. The survey was administered through the fee for service provider LimeSurvey©. The collected data were transferred to the IBM© statistical package for the social scientists (SPSS, version 28, IBM© Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA) and statistically analyzed. Pearsonʼs χ2-test was used to perform significance testing (significance level p = < 0.05). Only completed questionnaires were included in the analysis. Results: A total of 219 participants completed the questionnaire. Available airway devices: 94.5% (n = 207) nasopharyngeal tubes, 79.9% (n = 175) video laryngoscope/fiber optic, 73.1% (n = 160) laryngeal masks, 64.8% (n = 142) oropharyngeal tube (Guedel). Of the participants 6 (2.7%) performed coniotomy (⌀ 1.6 children). Out of six cases five (83.3%) were resuscitation situations caused by complex anatomical malformations. Training of coniotomy was not provided in 98.6% (n = 216). A Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for difficult airway in neonates was possessed by 20.1% (n = 44). Conclusion: The comparison with international studies showed that the equipment of German perinatal centers is above average. The trend towards acquisition of a video laryngoscope and its importance in clinical routine could be confirmed by our data; however, the fact that 20% of the respondents did not have access to video laryngoscopy suggests that further acquisitions will have to be made here in the future. Front of neck access (FONA) methods remain a critically questioned component of neonatal difficult airway algorithms due to their rarity and the resulting lack of data. In summary of the recommendations of the British Association of Perinatal Medicine (BAPM) and the collected data on the theoretical and practical education of the FONA methods in Germany, the implementation of the FONA methods by pediatricians and neonatologists cannot be recommended. As most resuscitation situations were caused by complex anatomical malformations, the early detection of such malformations by means of high-resolution ultrasound seems to be of particular importance. With improvement of early detection, neonates with potentially unmanageable airway problems can be left on uteroplacental circulation for a prolonged period in order to perform necessary interventions, such as tracheostomy, bronchoscopy, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) device known as the ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]