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Gedruckt erschienen im Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin, ISBN 978-3-7983-3013-9 (ISSN 2509-8950)., Das Interesse an Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Simulatoren von leistungselektronischen Schaltungen hat in der Automobilindustrie, wie auch in der Energietechnik, in den letzten Jahrzehnten zugenommen. Im Bereich der Automobilindustrie, in der HIL-Simulationen weit verbreitet sind und die Nachfrage durch den aktuellen Wandel vom klassisch angetriebenen Kraftfahrzeug zu Elektro- und Hybrid- Fahrzeugen begründet ist, steigt das Interesse im Bereich der Energieversorgung durch die Einbindung der dezentral anzubindenden erneuerbaren Energiequellen, wie z. B. Wind- und Solarenergie. Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit Verfahren zur Modellierung leistungselektronischer Schaltungen. Hierbei liegt der Schwerpunkt auf der Analyse und Weiterentwicklung bekannter Verfahren, die schließlich hinsichtlich Rechenaufwand, Speicherbedarf, Algorithmisierbarkeit, Verallgemeinerbarkeit und Implementierungsmöglichkeit auf Field-Programmable-Gate-Arrays (FPGA) bewertet werden. Darüber hinaus wird eine automatisierte Generierung für die unterstützte Entwicklung von Simulationen auf FPGAs vorgestellt. Anschließend erfolgt die Auswahl zweier Modellierungsverfahren für die Prozessor- bzw. FPGAbasierte HIL-Simulation eines Gleichrichters mit Blindleistungskompensation. Diese dient dem Nachweis der Anwendbarkeit durch Vergleich der Messergebnisse des realen Systems und der HIL-Simulationen., The interest on hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulators of power electronic circuits in the field of automotive, as well as in the field of energy supply, has increased in the last decades. While the interest of the automotive sector increases, due to the move from conventional to electric or hybrid electric vehicles, the power suppliers interests are based on the increasing complexity, which is the result of the decentralization structure of the grid and the involvement of renewable energy sources, like wind or solar energy. This thesis investigates in modeling approaches for power electronic circuits. The focus is on the analysis and advancement of known approaches, which are rated by their computation effort, memory usage, algorithmizability, generalizability and usability on processor- and especially Field-Programmable-Gate-Array-based real-time systems. Furthermore, an automatic generation procedure for supporting the engineer by creating an application specific and real-time capable oversampling model for HIL-simulation is presented. At the end of this thesis, based on two chosen modeling approaches, a HIL-simulation of a rectifier with power factor correction is described. Measurements on the real plant and the HILsimulator are compared and serve as proof of applicability.

Although pilots are often supported by signage, markings and lighting when taxiing on the airport surface, navigation and monitoring remain workload intense tasks even in good weather conditions. Radio communication is near capacity limits on many airports today resulting in waiting times and delay. Apart from well-known safety issues this also constitutes a negative impact on the environment. The European aviation research program SESAR addressed this problem and came up with a solution: A new surface traffic management concept proposes the automated use of Airfield Ground Lighting with individually switched green taxiway centerline lights indicating the path to be followed. This paper presents official validation results indicating that SESAR developed a safer, quicker and greener surface traffic management concept.

This paper discusses how the use of distributed simulation setups has already helped validating specific concepts affecting the interaction between controllers and pilots. Coupling ATC- and flight simulation facilities provided the opportunity for a close look at the dynamic effects of new procedures and technologies on the human actors involved.

Maintaining or repairing satellites in orbit is a delicate task that requires expert skills. The planning, training and analysis of on-orbit servicing (OOS) missions performed by astronauts or through remote operation using a robot is often time consuming and costly. Virtual Reality (VR) enables simulation and training in a flexible and safe environment. This paper describes an interactive real-time environment that supports a number of OOS tasks within an immersive VR environment. The system simulates the dynamic and kinematic behaviour of satellite components and provides photo-realistic visualization of satellite parts and the space environment. It integrates user interaction with haptic force feedback through a bi-manual haptic human machine interface, as well as simulates and interfaces to a humanoid robot for tele-operation.In order to provide a realistic experience at interactive frame rates, we propose a distributed system architecture, where the load of computing the physics simulation, haptic feedback and visualization of the complex scene is transferred to dedicated machines. The modular architecture is designed to allow the inclusion of further simulation processes. Several mechanisms for reducing the communication traffic have been implemented. This paper gives an overview of the system architecture, outlines the software implementation and documents an evaluation of the real-time performance of our system in detail. We describe how system performance was measured in terms of simulation timings and distribution load, as well as report on latencies at several stages. Results show that our distributed system is capable of providing visual and haptic feedback at high frame rates required for user interaction with end-to-end latencies of less than 8 ms and 3 ms, respectively.