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Copyright of Die Orthopädie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Die Orthopädie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Tendinopathies of the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) are among the most common injuries in sport horses. The aim of this study was to quantify the blood vessel supply of the SDFT in healthy horses and to investigate differences between forelimb and hindlimb vessel density and to compare different anatomical regions of the tendon. The SDFT of six horses were collected and histological cross-sections of them were prepared at three different levels (proximal, middle, distal). Immunohistochemistry for alpha smooth muscle actin was used to label the vessels and count them. The results showed that the vessel density was significantly lower in the middle third of the SDFT than in the proximal (p=0.015) and distal (p=0.015) regions. However, no significant differences in vascular density were observed between forelimb and hindlimb vessel quantities (p=0.3508). The histology and immunohistochemistry methods used were found to be adequate to quantify blood vessel supply. Vascular density was shown to be lowest in the middle third of the SDFT, where tendinopathies are most common. Blood vessel supply to the SDFT plays a role in the development of tendinopathies and a lower vessel density could lead to increased susceptibility to injury. This study provides new results on the quantity of blood vessel supply to the SDFT in healthy horses and suggests that further research is needed to better understand the pathophysiology of tendinopathies and to develop potential therapeutic approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Die Unfallchirurgie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

About one fifth of all sports accidents involve the hand. Many injuries can be diagnosed and treated easily. However, some of them such as fractures of the scaphoid or the hamate of the hamulus are difficult to detect with conventional radiographs and are often missed without a CT scan. Ligament injuries such as the skier's thumb must be recognized and treated properly, often surgically. There are also sport-specific injuries, such as the closed rupture of a flexor tendon pulley in climbers, which otherwise occur rarely and are little known. These topics, pitfalls and tricks will be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of SEMS-Journal is the property of Schwiez Zschr Sportmed Sporttraumatologie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Die Orthopädie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of SEMS-Journal is the property of Schwiez Zschr Sportmed Sporttraumatologie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Die Radiologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The Achilles tendon is the strongest tendon in humans and is frequently injured, especially in the physically active young to middle-aged population. An increasing frequency of Achilles tendon ruptures (ATR) has been reported in several studies. However, there is no international consensus regarding possible non-operative (N-OP) or operative (surgical) treatment (OP)., Objectives: The aim of this article is to semi-quantitatively compare both treatment options for ATR by analyzing the results reported in the literature., Material and Methods: For this purpose, relevant categories were identified, and the literature was then evaluated in a PubMed analysis. Ten meta-analyses and two cost analyses were included. The data was extracted according to the categories and evaluated comparatively., Results: OP and N‑OP for acute ATR can lead to equally good restitution of clinical function if early functional rehabilitation is applied. The lower re-rupture rate is an advantage of OP, whereas the lower general complications speak in favor of N‑OP. The minimally invasive or percutaneous surgical technique (M-OP) appears to be advantageous over the open surgical technique (O-OP), although studies show an increased rate of lesions of the sural nerve., Conclusion: There is no consensus regarding the superiority of OP or N‑OP for acute ATR, as several studies conducted since the introduction of early mobilization protocols have shown similar results for these two interventions. Results and complications of M‑OP and O‑OP are also comparable. Considering the available data on the various surgical procedures, the authors prefer the M‑OP technique with adequate sural nerve protection for repair of acute ATR, combined with an early mobilization protocol., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature.)

Muscle injuries are frequent in athletes and in the general population. For therapy and prognosis, it is important to understand the total extent of the injury and to be aware of possible complications. In most cases ultrasound is a useful tool for diagnostics of muscle injuries. However, muscle ultrasound is not as common as joint ultrasound; this article discusses the possibilities of high-resolution dynamic ultrasound in diagnostics and its limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of SEMS-Journal is the property of Schwiez Zschr Sportmed Sporttraumatologie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Muscle injuries are common in football. Imaging diagnostics have a major role in establishing a diagnosis. The main diagnostic procedures are MRI and ultrasound. Both diagnostics have advantages and disadvantages, which should be balanced against each other., New Ultrasonic Techniques: The role of MRI as the gold standard is increasingly being replaced by high-resolution ultrasound techniques, and MRI imaging is not always useful. To detect complications in the early stages it is advised to perform regular ultrasound-imaging check-ups. The healing process can be monitored, and it offers additional options for ultrasound-guided interventions such as hematoma punctures and targeted infiltrations., Advantages and Disadvantages: However, ultrasound imaging is highly user dependent. Experienced operators can eliminate this disadvantage, which makes ultrasound a superior imaging system in many areas, especially for dynamic examinations. Nevertheless, MRI imaging remains a necessary imaging method in certain areas., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Copyright of Arthroskopie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of SEMS-Journal is the property of Schwiez Zschr Sportmed Sporttraumatologie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Pathologies of the shoulder joint present a significant burden on not only the affected individual but also the healthcare system as a whole. This article serves to delineate the outcomes that patients expect from undergoing shoulder surgery and the results that occur following shoulder surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stress injuries of bone in childhood and adolescence are the result of an imbalance between physical stress on the growing musculoskeletal system and its intrinsic resilience. Children who are very active in sports are particularly affected. The classical stress injuries mainly occur in the area of the lower leg, the metatarsus and the lower lumbar spine due to the disproportionate load on healthy bone; however, overuse syndromes can also occur in the area of the growth plates and possibly lead to growth plate disorders. The anamnesis usually shows stress-related pain that has existed for a long time without trauma. As part of the differential diagnosis, a stress injury must first be included in the considerations due to it being a rare entity. An X‑ray examination can show the first signs of a stress reaction. In the event of a conspicuous periosteal reaction, a malignant event must also be considered. As a rule, the MRI examination is then groundbreaking and in some rare cases biopsies have to be considered. The treatment of stress injuries is usually conservative. Recurrences should be counteracted by exercise control., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature.)

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures are the second most common sports injury after ankle injuries and most commonly lead to surgical treatment compared to all sports injuries. Rupture of the ACL is accompanied by increased anteromedial rotational translation of the lower leg relative to the upper leg. The consequence is a subjective sense of instability as well as an objective instability in clinical testing. The ACL reconstruction procedure has become the gold standard of surgical treatment. Despite the substantial literature available, there is controversy regarding the timing of the operation, techniques of surgical treatment, choice of suitable graft and fixation. Based on the current literature, this article aims to demonstrate the evidence of these points and to provide guidance on the optimal treatment of each individual patient considering the individual context factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: About one fifth of all sports accidents involve the hand. Many injuries can be diagnosed and treated easily. However, some of them such as fractures of the scaphoid or the hamate of the hamulus are difficult to detect with conventional radiographs and are often missed without a CT scan. Ligament injuries such as the skier's thumb must be recognized and treated properly, often surgically. There are also sport-specific injuries, such as the closed rupture of a flexor tendon pulley in climbers, which otherwise occur rarely and are little known. These topics, pitfalls and tricks will be discussed., Competing Interests: Es bestehen keine Interessenskonflikte., (© 2023 Aerzteverlag medinfo AG.)

Zusammenfassung Die erfolgreiche Therapie von Sehnenverletzungen stellt eine große Herausforderung in der Sportorthopädie dar. Als Behandlungsziel gilt es, eine langfristig erfolgreiche Therapie und eine zeitnahe Reintegration des Athleten in den Trainings- und Wettkampfbetrieb zu gewährleisten. In der Literatur finden sich nur wenige Arbeiten, die die unterschiedlichen Therapieverfahren hinsichtlich ihrer therapeutischen Effektivität beurteilen und hieraus praxisrelevante Behandlungsempfehlungen erarbeiten. Im Fokus des GOTS Expertenmeetings 2016 stand das Themengebiet der Muskel- und Sehnenverletzungen. Das Expertenkomitee umfasste 22 Mitglieder, von denen neun der Arbeitsgruppe „Konservative Therapie von Sehnenverletzungen“ angehörten. Die erarbeiteten Behandlungsempfehlungen wurden dem gesamten Expertenrat vorgestellt und nach Begutachtung überarbeitet. Das Expertenkomitee erlangte Konsens über die konservative Therapie von Sehnenverletzungen. Die Adressierung von potentiell auslösenden Risikofaktoren und eine Lastoptimierung der Sehne, die u.a. eine gezielte Trainingstrainingstherapie beinhaltet, stellen relevante Therapiebausteine dar. Ein breites Spektrum weiterer Therapieverfahren steht potentiell zur Verfügung, deren Anwendung in Abhängigkeit der Lokalisation, des Schweregrades und zeitlichen Verlaufs der vorliegenden Verletzung individuell geprüft werden sollte. Die vorliegende Arbeit liefert eine strukturierten Überblick über die Anwendung der potentiell zur Verfügung stehenden Therapieverfahren anhand der vorliegenden evidenzbasierten Datenlage, den empirisch erfolgreich angewandten Verfahren in der Praxis und den Erkenntnissen der Grundlagenforschung. The treatment of tendon injuries in general presents one of the most relevant challenges in sports medicine, and there is high demand to ensure a long-term successful treatment and short time loss of the sport. However, there are only a few contributions providing guidance and recommendations for the nonoperative treatment of tendon injuries. The 2016 GOTS Expert Meeting, initiated by the German-Austrian-Swiss Society for Orthopaedic Traumatologic Sports Medicine (GOTS), focused on the topic of muscle and tendon injuries. The committee was composed of twenty-two medical specialists. Nine of them were delegated to a subcommittee focusing on the nonoperative treatment of tendon injuries. The recommendations and statements that were developed were reviewed by the entire consensus committee and voted on by the members. The committee reached a consensus on the utility and efficacy of the management of tendon injuries. Addressing precipitating risk factors and the concept of load management including well designed training programs are one of the most relevant steps in the treatment of tendinopathies. A wide variety of additional therapeutic approaches can be considered individually based on the underlying localisation, the grade of injury and the healing phase. The present work provides a structured overview on the diverse conservative treatment strategies of tendon injuries and evaluates their efficacy with respect to the existing scientific evidence and clinical expertise in the context of basic science on the healing process of tendon injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Uniform procedures for rehabilitation and follow-up treatment after injuries and surgeries at the upper extremity do not exist. Accordingly, only a few approaches for the follow-up treatment of instabilities of the elbow joint have been described., Objectives: The authors show how rehabilitation before sport-specific training after rupture of the ulnar collateral ligament in a female handball player was objectivized and controlled using the results of functional tests., Materials and Methods: The follow-up treatment of a semi-professional female handball player (aged 20) after rupture of the ulnar collateral ligament was objectivized and controlled using the return to activity algorithm. In addition to the comparisons with the values of the unaffected side, comparative results of 14 uninjured female handball players were used for guidance., Results/conclusions: The patient was able to participate fully in sport-specific training after 15 weeks and participate in her first competitive match after 20 weeks. On the affected side, she achieved a distance of 118% of her upper limb length on the medial reach of the upper quarter Y balance test and 63 valid contacts on the wall hop test. The values achieved at the end of rehabilitation were higher than the average values of the control group., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature.)

Copyright of Manuelle Medizin is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Bone stress injuries is an umbrella term that encompasses repetitive microtraumatic events that accumulate to surpass the threshold of bone failure, which can range from bone marrow edema to frank stress fracture as the end point. Due to nonspecific clinical complaints and physical findings, imaging plays a central role in the diagnostic workup of these entities. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most important imaging modality with a high sensitivity and specificity and allows for differential diagnosis of other diseases. Edema-sensitive with fat suppression and T1-weighted sequences are the core sequence types, and contrast-enhanced imaging-albeit displaying subtle fractures much more easily-is rarely necessary. Furthermore, MRI enables differentiation of injury severity, which has an impact on length of rehabilitation, therapeutic regimen, and the time to return to sports in athletes., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature.)

Copyright of Arthroskopie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Der Gynäkologe is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

At the end of 2015 the medical statutory accident procedure, the so-called H-physician procedure (special healing procedures) according to the requirements of the statutory accident insurance § 34 Social Security Code (SGB) VII from 1 January 2006, will terminate. On application a participation as a so-called D-physician (accident insurance consultant) is possible in accordance with the D-physician requirements version from 1 January 2011 but many H-physicians will not fulfil these requirements. Therefore, after 1 January 2016 the H-physicians are threatened with losing the possibility to initiate and carry out statutory accident procedures. This will particularly affect the many H-physicians who function as team doctors in sports and athletics clubs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Winter sports injuries of the foot and ankle are a relevant entity due to the high enthusiasm for alpine skiing and snowboarding. The condition of the footwear and rigidity of the binding have a significant influence on the pathobiomechanics of fracture development and have been shown to influence the frequency of knee and ankle injuries. Foot injuries are rare due to the sport-specific footwear with good padding and frequent hard shell casings., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature.)

Acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) dislocation is a common injury to the shoulder girdle, especially in contact and high velocity sports. Besides the severity of the injury, and particularly in competitive and elite athletes and the type of sports, individual career plans and in and out of season injuries have to be taken into account when advising treatment for athletes. Conservative treatment is reserved for low-grade dislocations and in-season athletes. The aim is fast pain relief and a safe return to competitive sport. High-grade ACJ dislocations in athletes should be treated surgically. Arthroscopic and arthroscopically-assisted techniques can offer a lower risk of infection, a higher patient acceptance in terms of cosmetic perspectives and the potential to treat concomitant glenohumeral lesions and may avoid potential disadvantages of open techniques, such as secondary obligatory implant removal and extensive soft tissue preparation with a relevant approach morbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and its therapy has gained importance in the last decade and several studies could show that if untreated it may lead to osteoarthritis of the hip joint. In this article an overview of the pathology of FAI, the diagnosis and treatment options are presented. A closer look is taken at the treatment of elite athletes regarding the different techniques. The first own clinical and radiological results of 91 patients treated by the arthroscopically-assisted anterior mini-open approach are presented with very good results and significant postoperative improvement regarding the hip injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (HOOS), the Western Ontario and McMasters University (WOMAC) osteoarthritis index and the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) activity score, as well as alpha angle correction. This technique which is poorly represented in the literature can be used as a treatment option for FAI. The rehabilitation program is comparable to hip arthroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most dislocations of the patella occur during sports activities. The entities instability, maltracking and loss of tracking should be defined by patient history, clinical examination and radiological evaluation including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Based on these criteria a new classification of patella dislocations (5 types) was established which allows a standardized treatment algorithm. Type 1 is a simple (traumatic) dislocation without maltracking and without instability. Type 2 has a high redislocation risk (defined as instability) without maltracking. An isolated stabilizing surgical procedure, such as medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) augmentation is successful in most cases. Type 3 is characterized by instability and maltracking. Maltracking can be caused by soft tissue contracture or muscular deficits (type 3a), patella alta (type 3b), pathological tibial tuberosity to trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance (type 3c), genu valgum (type 3d) and torsional deformities (type 3e). In these types an isolated soft tissue procedure is usually not sufficient. The bony pathologies additionally need to be addressed to regain physiological patella tracking. Type 4 includes severe trochlea dysplasia with loss of patella tracking. Usually trochleaplasty is needed to stabilize the patella and to prevent redislocation. Type 5 is based on patella maltracking without instability and can be found in patients with a pathological knee baseline or special forms of torsional deformities. Although patella dislocations in trained athletes are seldom due to the stabilizing muscular status, the treatment strategy is similar to that of normal persons. Additional cartilage injuries, type of sports and time for rehabilitation have to be considered for optimal treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anterior cruciate ligament ruptures represent serious injuries for athletes which are often associated with accompanying injuries and lead to relevant kinematic alterations in the femorotibial roll-glide mechanism of the knee joint. Instability resulting in recurrent giving way events, as well as instability-related meniscal and cartilage lesions can cause functional long-term impairment that may limit the athlete's career. Anterior cruciate ligament replacement is therefore considered to be the gold standard for recovery of physical performance and to prevent secondary meniscal and cartilage damage. Continuous changes in the reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament have led to a variety of different methods, including graft choice, fixation devices and surgical techniques, which support the consideration of individual requirements of the athlete as well as sport-specific aspects. One of the main factors for restoring stability and the physiological kinematic roll-glide mechanism of the knee is an anatomical tunnel placement as well as a stable graft fixation in the tibia and femur. By achieving of these fundamental technical requirements an early functional rehabilitation and accelerated recovery of neuromuscular skills, strength and coordination can be achieved, so that an early return to sport activities is possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war die Analyse von Sportverletzungen bei 10 bis 18-jährigen Kunstturnern. Methoden Im Rahmen einer Querschnittsbefragung wurden 73 aktive österreichische Leistungsturner – 23 Kaderturner (KT) und 50 Kaderanwärter (KA) – mittels eines standardisierten Fragebogens nach sportartspezifischen Verletzungen der letzten 36 Monate befragt. Die Verletzungen wurden nach Verletzungsschwere in drei Gruppen unterteilt. Ergebnisse 108 Verletzungen wurden im Einzelnen beschrieben. Es ergab sich eine expositionsbezogene Verletzungsrate von 0,7/1000h für KT und 0,6/1000h für KA (p>0.05). Distorsionen (38,9%) und Muskelverletzungen (27,4%) stellten bei den KT die häufigsten Verletzungsarten dar. Bei KA waren es Distorsionen (40%) und Frakturen (19,3%). Die meisten Verletzungen (38,8%) ereigneten sich beim Bodenturnen (38,8%), gefolgt von Sprung (20,4%) und Reck (9,2%). Schlussfolgerung Die Verletzungshäufigkeit im Kunstturnen ist im Vergleich zu Sportarten wie etwa Ballspielen gering. Das Bodenturnen stellt die verletzungsträchtigste Disziplin dar. Background The objective of this study was to investigate the frequency and extent of sport injuries in 10-18-year old gymnasts. Methods In a retrospective study design, 73 active Austrian gymnasts - 23 Top squad (TS) and 50 National squad (NS) - were interviewed about specific sports injuries in the last 36 months by means of a standardised questionnaire. Injuries were catagorised into three severity grades. Results 108 injuries were reported in detail. The time related injury rate of TS-gymnasts was 0.7/1000h compared to 0.6/1000h of NS-gymnasts (p>0.05). The most common types of injuries in TS were sprains (38.9%) and muscle injuries (27.4%) and sprains (40%) and fractures (19.3%) in NS. Most gymnastics injuries (38.8%) occurred in the floor exercise, followed by Jump (20.4%) and high bar (9.2%). Conclusion The injury rate in gymnastics, compared to sports such as ball games, is low. In the floor exercise, the majority of injuries occurred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fractures of the distal radius are the most common fractures in growing children. Injuries often occur during sports and playing. There is no actual peak of age. Most often metaphyseal fractures (including physeal separations) occur, while joint involving epiphyseal fractures are extremely rare. All typical versions of fractures of the growth period appear. The power of growth-associated spontaneous correction is enormous and even remains beyond the age of ten. The spectrum of treatment options includes purely conservative treatment, redression (plaster wedging), reduction and percutaneous k-wire stabilization. An open reduction of metaphyseal fractures is almost never necessary. There may be problems in stabilizing more proximal fractures of the metadiaphyseal transition. Inhibitional growth disturbances following a premature closure of the growth plate are rare, but, if they appear, they require a differentiated treatment concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in adolescent patients shows an increasing prevalence because of increased participation in high-risk sports in younger ages. Therapy: For many years conservative treatment has been standard because of fear of growth disturbances due to physeal injury during surgery. However, many studies showed poor outcome for conservative treatment in skeletally immature patients with ALC instability and high rates of early intra-articular damage to menisci and cartilage. Therefore, even in adolescent patients operative reconstruction is favored. Several physeal sparing and transphyseal reconstruction techniques have been described and their good results have been proven in many studies. Conclusion: The transphyseal ACL reconstruction with hamstring tendons provides excellent and safe results without higher risk of growth disturbances even in younger children. Certain technical principles during surgery have to be taken in account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Sport-Orthopadie - Sport-Traumatologie is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sport-Orthopadie - Sport-Traumatologie is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sport-Orthopadie - Sport-Traumatologie is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Sportmedizin & Sporttraumatologie is the property of Schwiez Zschr Sportmed Sporttraumatologie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Sportpsychologie is the property of Hogrefe Verlag GmbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Sportpsychologie is the property of Hogrefe Verlag GmbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)