9 results on '"t-cell receptor"'
Search Results
2. Evolution der Runt-Gene mit Fokus auf die Skelettbildung und T-Zellentwicklung
- Author
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Seitz, Volkhard
- Subjects
Runx1 ,Runx2 ,Runx3 ,evolution ,T cells ,T-cell receptor ,ETV6-RUNX1 ALL ,600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit - Abstract
Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war, die Evolution der Runt-Gene in der Stammesgeschichte der Chordata zu rekonstruieren, sowie die Runt-Genfunktion bei der Skelettbildung und T-Zellentwicklung besser zu verstehen. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde gezeigt, dass in der Stammart der Chordata nur ein Runt-Gen vorhanden war und der Runt-Lokus in der Evolution der Vertebraten tripliziert wurde. Beim Lanzettfischchen als Vertreter der Chordata mit ursprünglichen Merkmalen war ein molekulares Netzwerk für Skelettbildung, unter Beteiligung von SoxE, Hedgehog- und Runt-Genen, im Kiemendarm exprimiert. Dieses molekulare Netzwerk wurde in der Evolution der Vertebraten nach Genduplikationen diversifiziert und diente als molekulares Entwicklungsmodul für Knorpel, Knochen, Placoidschuppen und Zähne. In diesem Netzwerk ist Runx2 essentiell für die Knochenbildung und im Rahmen dieser Habilitation konnten durch ein Expressionsscreening in einem Runx2-Knockout Mausmodell bereits bekannte und neue Transkripte mit Relevanz für die Knochenbildung entdeckt werden. Für eines dieser Gene mit damals unbekannter Funktion, TMEM119 (Transmembrane Protein 119) wurde inzwischen eine wichtige Rolle bei der Differenzierung von Osteoblasten beschrieben. Des Weiteren wurde die Bedeutung von Runx1 in der T-Zellentwicklung anhand eines Runx1-Knockout Mausmodells erforscht. Dabei lag der Schwerpunkt auf der Hochdurchsatzsequenzierung von TCR-Genumlagerungen. Zur zuverlässigen Herstellung der Amplikon-Libraries wurde eine zweistufige PCR-Methodik entwickelt, welche durch einen eingebauten Kontaminationsschutz Kreuzkontaminationen von der ersten zur zweiten PCR-Stufe verhindert. Unsere Analysen zeigten, dass aufgrund des Runx1-Knockouts TCR-Genumlagerung nur in sehr reduziertem Umfang stattfanden und wir konnten Veränderungen der V(D)J-Struktur nachweisen. Die T-Zellentwicklung war stark reduziert und die Thymusstruktur (Cortex und Medulla) ging verloren. Weiterhin konnten wir zeigen, dass Runx1 an Runx1-Bindungsstellen an der Initiationsstelle der TCR-Genumlagerungen bindet. Zusammen mit publizierten Daten, die eine direkte Bindung von Runx1 an das Rekombinations-aktivierende Protein 1 in sich entwickelnden T-Zellen zeigten, spricht dies dafür, dass Runx1 neben der Rolle als Transkriptionsfaktor auch eine Rolle als Rekombinase-Kofaktor hat. Unsere Analysen sprechen weiterhin dafür, dass RUNX1 nicht nur bei TCR-Genumlagerungen (physiologischen Deletionen), sondern auch bei pathologischen Deletionen als Rekombinase-Kofaktor beteiligt ist. Denn RUNX1-Bindungsstellen sind an rekurrenten Deletionsrändern bei der ALL mit einer ETV6-RUNX1 Translokation signifikant angereichert und wir konnten zeigen, dass eine RUNX1-Bindungsstelle im CDKN2A/B Bruchpunkt funktionell relevant ist. Dies zeigt, dass Mechanismen wie TCR-Genumlagerungen, welche in der Evolution der Vertebraten zu einem sehr effektiven Immunsystem führten, bei einer fehlgeleiteten Rekombinationsmaschinerie Risiken mit sich bringen, z.B. bei der Entstehung von pathologischen Deletionen bei der ETV6-RUNX1 ALL.
- Published
- 2021
3. Adoptive Zelltherapien in der Hämatologie und Onkologie.
- Author
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Thomas, S., Hauptrock, B., Theobald, M., and Herr, W.
- Abstract
Copyright of Der Onkologe is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. MALT1 phosphorylation controls activation of T lymphocytes and survival of ABC-DLBCL tumor cells
- Author
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Stefanie M. Hauck, Thomas J. O’Neill, Tabea Erdmann, Michael Grau, Hisaaki Shinohara, Kerstin Kutzner, Torben Gehring, Marco Rahm, Regina Feederle, Andrew Flatley, Carina Graß, Isabel Meininger, Katja Lammens, Simone Woods, Ozge Karayel, Georg Lenz, and Daniel Krappmann
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,T-Lymphocytes ,Amino Acid Motifs ,Lymphocyte Activation ,Jurkat cells ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Serine ,03 medical and health sciences ,Jurkat Cells ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,CD28 Antigens ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Phosphorylation ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Cells, Cultured ,Adaptive Immunity ,Antigen Receptor Signaling ,B Cell Lymphomas ,Casein Kinase 1 Alpha ,Cbm Complex ,Immune Response ,Malt1 ,Nf-kappa B ,T Cell Activation ,Chemistry ,T-cell receptor ,breakpoint cluster region ,NF-kappa B ,CD28 ,Casein Kinase Ialpha ,medicine.disease ,B-Cell CLL-Lymphoma 10 Protein ,Cell biology ,CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,MALT1 ,030104 developmental biology ,HEK293 Cells ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,Guanylate Cyclase ,Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma Translocation 1 Protein ,Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ,Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Summary: The CARMA1/CARD11-BCL10-MALT1 (CBM) complex bridges T and B cell antigen receptor (TCR/BCR) ligation to MALT1 protease activation and canonical nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling. Using unbiased mass spectrometry, we discover multiple serine phosphorylation sites in the MALT1 C terminus after T cell activation. Phospho-specific antibodies reveal that CBM-associated MALT1 is transiently hyper-phosphorylated upon TCR/CD28 co-stimulation. We identify a dual role for CK1α as a kinase that is essential for CBM signalosome assembly as well as MALT1 phosphorylation. Although MALT1 phosphorylation is largely dispensable for protease activity, it fosters canonical NF-κB signaling in Jurkat and murine CD4 T cells. Moreover, constitutive MALT1 phosphorylation promotes survival of activated B cell-type diffuse large B cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL) cells addicted to chronic BCR signaling. Thus, MALT1 phosphorylation triggers optimal NF-κB activation in lymphocytes and survival of lymphoma cells. : Gehring et al. identify MALT1 phosphorylation as a process that bridges antigen receptor ligation to downstream signaling pathways in T cells, promotes T lymphocyte activation, and drives survival of B cell lymphoma tumor cells. Keywords: immune response, adaptive immunity, antigen receptor signaling, T cell activation, B cell lymphomas, CBM complex, phosphorylation, NF-kappa B, MALT1, casein kinase 1 alpha
- Published
- 2019
5. Antigenerkennung durch T-Lymphozyten.
- Author
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Binz, H.
- Published
- 1978
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Antigen-dependent competition shapes the local repertoire of tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells
- Author
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Wolfgang Kastenmüller, Anne Fellenzer, Dirk H. Busch, Paul-Albert König, Sha Tao, Georg Gasteiger, Veit R. Buchholz, Ronny Tao, Thomas Korn, Mathias Heikenwalder, Christian Hessel, Ingo Drexler, and Andreas Muschaweckh
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Immunology ,Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell ,Mice, Transgenic ,Vaccinia virus ,Cell fate determination ,Biology ,CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,Virus ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,Antigen ,Vaccinia ,Immunology and Allergy ,Cytotoxic T cell ,Animals ,Antigens, Viral ,Research Articles ,Cell growth ,Repertoire ,T-cell receptor ,Virology ,030104 developmental biology ,CD8 ,030215 immunology ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Muschaweckh et al. show that antigen presentation in the skin regulates the generation of tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells by orchestrating local competition of antiviral CD8+ T cells, revealing a mechanism to fine-tune the repertoire of regional pools of TRM cells., Tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells (TRM) constitute a major component of the immune-surveillance system in nonlymphoid organs. Local, noncognate factors are both necessary and sufficient to support the programming of TRM cell fate in tissue-infiltrating T cells. Recent evidence suggests that TCR signals received in infected nonlymphoid tissues additionally contribute to TRM cell formation. Here, we asked how antigen-dependent pathways influence the generation of skin-resident memory T cells that arise from a polyclonal repertoire of cells induced by infection with an antigenically complex virus and recombinant vaccine vector. We found that CD8+ T cells of different specificities underwent antigen-dependent competition in the infected tissue, which shaped the composition of the local pool of TRM cells. This local cross-competition was active for T cells recognizing antigens that are coexpressed by infected cells. In contrast, TRM cell development remained largely undisturbed by the presence of potential competitors when antigens expressed in the same tissue were segregated through infection with antigenically distinct viral quasispecies. Functionally, local cross-competition might serve as a gatekeeping mechanism to regulate access to the resident memory niche and to fine-tune the local repertoire of antiviral TRM cells.
- Published
- 2016
7. [T-cell immune responses in chronic inflammatory diseases of the nasal mucosa].
- Author
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Klimek L, Casper I, Siemer S, Wollenberg B, Stauber R, and Koennecke M
- Subjects
- Chronic Disease, Cytokines, Humans, Nasal Mucosa immunology, Nasal Polyps immunology, Rhinitis immunology, Sinusitis immunology, T-Lymphocytes
- Abstract
Acute rhinosinusitis and chronic rhinosinusitis are inflammatory diseases of the mucosal membranes due to mislead immunological reactions to aeroallergens. T‑cells are divided into different groups based on their cytokine secretion: T‑helper type 1 (Th1) and type 2 (Th2) cells. The allergic immune response is caused by activation of specific Th2 cells. With specific immunotherapy, the mislead hyperactivated "allergic" immune response is reduced to a reaction within the normal range. The inflammatory forms of chronic rhinosinusitis are called endotypes, and, in the future, could enable a targeted, pathomechanistic therapy. These endotype-based treatment approaches target specific signaling pathways that have already shown good effects for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps using monoclonal antibodies. However, so far, only selected patients with non-rhinologic indications, off-label treatments, or in clinical trials have benefited from these treatments.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Eine Subpopulation von neutrophile Granulozyten exprimiert einen variablen Immunrezeptor
- Author
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W. E. Kaminski, M. Vogel, Kerstin Puellmann, C. T. Nebe, Hans Wolf, A. Beham, and Josef Schroeder
- Subjects
Chemokine ,T-cell receptor ,hemic and immune systems ,chemical and pharmacologic phenomena ,Biology ,Recombination-activating gene ,Proinflammatory cytokine ,Cell biology ,ddc: 610 ,RAG2 ,Apoptosis ,biology.protein ,Recombinase ,Secretion - Abstract
Summary. Neutrophils are thought to rely solely on non-specific immune mechanisms. Here, we provide molecular biological, immunological, ultrastructural and functional evidence for the presence of a T cell receptor (TCR) based variable immunoreceptor in a subpopulation of human neutrophils. We demonstrate that peripheral blood neutrophils express variable and individual-specific TCRαβ repertoires and the RAG1/RAG2 recombinase complex. The proinflammatory cytokine G-CSF regulates expression of the neutrophil immunoreceptor and RAG1/RAG2 in vivo. Specific engagement of the neutrophil TCR complex protects from apoptosis and stimulates secretion of the neutrophil-activating chemokine IL-8. Our results, which also demonstrate the presence of the TCR in murine neutrophils, suggest the coexistence of an antigen-specific and an innate host defense system in mammalian neutrophils.
- Published
- 2007
9. Quantitative Tracing of mRNAs for T- and B-Lymphocyte Receptor Genes in Individual Cells by In Situ Hybridization With Fluorochrome-Labeled Gene Probes. I. Expression in Malignancies Carrying B-Lineage Associated Antigens
- Author
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Pearl Mar, Klaus Reinecke, Bertold Emmerich, K. Pachmann, and Eckhard Thiel
- Subjects
Cellular differentiation ,Immunology ,Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell ,Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell ,Biology ,Biochemistry ,Antigen ,Antigens, Neoplasm ,Gene expression ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,Humans ,Northern blot ,RNA, Messenger ,Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte ,Gene ,Fluorescent Dyes ,Regulation of gene expression ,B-Lymphocytes ,Immunoglobulin mu-Chains ,T-cell receptor ,Nucleic Acid Hybridization ,Cell Differentiation ,Gene rearrangement ,Cell Biology ,Hematology ,Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ,Molecular biology ,Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte ,Phenotype ,DNA Probes - Abstract
Acute and chronic lymphatic leukemias were investigated on the single- cell level for the activity of genes coding for the IgM heavy chain and the alpha and beta chains of the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR). We used a new method for preparing highly fluorochrome-labeled gene probes for in situ hybridization, which allowed rapid and quantitative detection of mRNA at the individual cell level. Leukemic cell populations classified as belonging to the B lineage according to their surface antigenic patterns revealed increasing expression of mRNA for the IgM heavy chain (mu mRNA) in a maturation-dependent fashion, which was not correlated to rearrangement of the immunoglobulin mu chain gene--only 66% of the leukemias with rearranged mu gene also transcribed it. TCR mRNA was detected in B-antigen positive leukemic cells. High levels of both TCR and mu mRNA expression in all cells of some of these leukemias allowed the conclusion that these cells simultaneously transcribed the genes for T and B cell antigen receptors. TCR mRNA was also found in what are considered relatively mature B leukemias, lineage cross-over on the mRNA level being observed at a frequency of 23% (five of 22 cases), comparable with that of “inappropriate” receptor gene rearrangement. The quantitation of mRNA with fluorochrome-labeled gene probes in situ may allow determining the degree of gene activation in individual antigenically defined cells and may thus contribute a new tool for characterization of normal and malignant cells.
- Published
- 1989
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