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In this research we have examined cephalographic x rays concerning patients between 8 to 14 years to age (47 patients class II/1 according to Angle, 7 class II/2 and 17 class III) before treatment and two years later. The patients were still in the age of growth. In the 1st cephalographic x ray has also been made provisional of growth using the Ricketts method. In the three designs we have made measurements to examine the change of the soft tissues of the face especially the nose, owing to the treatment alone, excluding growth. Simultaneously to the two cephalographic x rays hand x rays have been taken to examine whether there was some special effect in the soft tissues during the different stages of growth. Considering now what we found out during this study, we come to the following results. 1) The angle SNSn (1) is effected by the treatment of the functional appliance type Bionator in the classes II/1 and II/2 and the angle of the nose (3) in class II/2 of the patients. 2) The distance A-A' is increased with the treatment in all malocclusions and its increase is statistically important in all the examined stages of growth. 3) The thickness of the upper lip is increased with the treatment in the II/1 malocclusions. The increase of this thickness is statistically important in the stages PP2 and MP3 of the skeletal growth. 4) The thickness of the lower lip increases with the III class treatment. 5) The thickness of the soft tissues round the chin increases with the treatment to patients in class II/1. This increase is statistically important in the stages S and MP3 cap of the skeletal growth.

The causal therapy of skeletal Class II anomaly consists of the changes of the jaws' relationships to each other during the growth of the craniofacial complex. A plenty of orthodontic appliances are employed, the effectiveness of which remain debatable. This paper attempts to compare the three main orthodontic appliances used in our clinic: activator, headgear and combined headgear activator. Patients with a skeletal Class II anomaly at the beginning of treatment were studied with two different types of cephalometric analysis. The lateral X-ray head films were carried out directly before and after treatment. In this study the growth pattern of the patients' craniofacial complex has been seriously taken into consideration. Following conclusions are to be taken: The initial skeletal Class II anomaly as well as the orthodontic appliances have to be differentially evaluated by the treatment planning. The isolated changes are often not great, but taken as a whole, they attain to correct the existing anomaly. The annual rates of the jaws' length depends not only on the age, the sex and the duration of orthodontic treatment, but also on the growth pattern of the craniofacial complex and the particularities of treatment methods. In order to achieve the therapeutic aims all these factors are to be considered for the treatment planning.

The Bionator II (Balter's) is a functional appliance of choice for the treatment of the Class II skeletal problems. In this paper an extensive review of the literature is presented concerning the principles and application of the Basic Bionator appliance. Details of the construction, the clinical management as well as the indications and contra-indications are also described and discussed.