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This document is one in a series designed to provide important information on the causal agent, symptoms, and transmission of exotic citrus diseases. This information can be used as an educational tool to raise awareness about these diseases and for scouting and identification efforts. Disseminating information about the diseases to the citrus industry may prevent their introduction and spread in Florida. This document will focus on the exotic viral disease caused by isolates of citrus tristeza virus–stem pitting (CTV-SP). Original version: Chung, Kuang-Ren, and Ronald Brlansky. 2006. “Citrus Diseases Exotic to Florida: Citrus Tristeza Virus– Stem Pitting (CTV-SP)”. EDIS 2006 (7). https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-pp149-2006.

This article is one in a series designed to provide important information on the causal agent, symptoms, and transmission of exotic citrus diseases. Disseminating the information about the diseases to the citrus industry may prevent their introduction and spread in Florida. This 5-page document will focus on the exotic viral disease citrus leprosis. This is a major revision of an article originally published in 2006. Written by O. Batuman, A. Levy, P. Sieburth, A. M. Paolillo, K.-R. Chung, and R. H. Brlansky, and published by the UF/IFAS Plant Pathology Department. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pp148 Previous version: Chung, Kuang-Ren, and Ronald Brlansky. 2006. “Citrus Diseases Exotic to Florida: Citrus Leprosis”. EDIS 2006 (7). https://journals.flvc.org/edis/article/view/115752.

Huanglongbing (HLB), commonly called citrus greening disease, is caused by the bacterium, Candidatus Liberibacter spp. The name huanglongbing means “yellow dragon” which describes the symptom of a bright yellow shoot that commonly occurs on a sector of infected trees. HLB is a serious disease of citrus because it affects all citrus cultivars and causes rapid decline of trees. This document is PP-225, one of a series of the Plant Pathology Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date November 2005. PP-225/CG086: 2020–2021 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Huanglongbing (Citrus Greening) (ufl.edu)

El cancro cítrico es una enfermedad introducida en Florida y es muy perjudicial económicamente para la industria comercial. La enfermedad no está presente en todas las regiones tropicales y subtropicales productoras de cítricos donde el cancro cítrico puede ser problemático, por lo tanto, las restricciones para exportar fruta con cancro cítrico son muy estrictas. Esta enfermedad también concierne a los propietarios, no solo por sus efectos en la industria económica, sino también porque es altamente contagiosa y la mayoría de la fruta contagiada en un árbol muy afectado se cae de éste prematuramente. This 4-page fact sheet was written by M. M. Dewdney, P. D. Roberts, J. H. Graham, K. R. Chung, and M. Zekri, and published by the UF Department of Plant Pathology, January 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pp298

Mal secco, Italian for "dry disease", is a fungal disease that causes serious damage to a number of citrus cultivars in the Mediterranean and Black Sea areas but has not been reported in other citrus-growing regions. The main diagnostic field symptom is that wood of affected limbs has a reddish-yellow stain. This 3-page fact sheet was written by K.-R. Chung, and published by the UF Department of Plant Pathology, February 2012.

Citrus yellow mosaic is an important viral disease in India, where it causes significant yield reduction. In some groves, infection rate may be as high as 70%. CYMV induces a bright yellow mottling or vein flecking that persists in mature leaves. Yields are sharply reduced in chronically infected 'Sathgudi' sweet orange trees in India, and fruit may also show mosaic symptoms. This 2-page fact sheet was written by K.-R. Chung and R. H. Brlansky, and published by the UF Department of Plant Pathology, February 2012.

Satsuma dwarf is a virus disease that was first reported in the early 1930s in Japan. The disease causes serious problems in citrus because it reduces tree vigor and fruit yield. Satsuma dwarf has also been reported in mandarin-growing areas in China, Korea, and Turkey, where it was likely introduced through importation of infected budwood from Japan. This 2-page fact sheet was written by K.-R. Chung and R.H. Brlansky, and published by the UF Department of Plant Pathology, February 2012.

Powdery mildew, which affects almost all citrus cultivars, is a common fungal disease problem in Asian countries. This 2-page fact sheet provides background information for this disease to provide a basis for evaluating potential risk to Florida citrus and for aiding decision-making to prevent its introduction and spread in Florida. It was written by K.-R. Chung and published by the UF Department of Plant Pathology, October 2011.

HS1165, a 7-page fact sheet by Timothy M. Spann, Ryan A. Atwood, Megan M. Dewdney, Robert C. Ebel, Reza Ehsani, Gary England, Stephen H. Futch, Tim Gaver, Tim Hurner, Chris Oswalt, Michael E. Rogers, Fritz M. Roka, Mark A. Ritenour, Mongi Zekri, Brian J. Boman, Kuang-Ren Chung, Michelle D. Danyluk, Renee Goodrich-Schneider, Kelly T. Morgan, Robert A. Morris, Ronald P. Muraro, Pamela Roberts, Robert E. Rouse, Arnold W. Schumann, Philip A. Stansly, and Lukasz L. Stelinski, provides guidance to the Florida citrus industry in making management decisions regarding huanglongbing (HLB, citrus greening). Published by the UF Department of Horticultural Sciences, June 2010.

Revised! PP194, a 4-page illustrated fact sheet by M.M. Dewdney, P.D. Roberts, J.H. Graham, K.R. Chung, and M. Zekri, informs homeowners about this serious disease of citrus, its history, symptoms, spread, and control strategies. Published by the UF Department of Plant Pathology, October 2009. PP194/PP116: Homeowner Fact Sheet: Citrus Canker (ufl.edu)

PP-234, a 3-page illustrated fact sheet by K.-R. Chung and L. W. Timmer, is part of the Citrus Diseases Exotic to Florida series, which aims to provide a basis for evaluating exotic pathogens that may pose potential risks to Florida citrus and create a decision-making framework to prevent their introduction and spread. It answers several questions, including why it is a concern, causal agent, affected cultivars, typical symptoms, how it is spread, and means of detection and control. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Plant Pathology, February 2007.

PP-229, a 6-page fact sheet by A.J. Palmateer, C.L. Harmon, A. Hodges, N. Peres, K.R. Chung, P.D. Roberts, L. Buss, W.T.. Crow, J. Xin, R.J. McGovern, J. W. Kimbrough, and M.T. Momol, describes Florida's network of support for the rapid detection, diagnosis, and decision support for pathogens and other pests affecting Florida's agricultural and natural ecosystems. Provides information on diagnostic services, Distance Diagnostic and Identification System (DDIS), First Detector Training, and other services. Published by the UF Plant Pathology Department, April 2006.

Citrus is susceptible to a large number of diseases caused by plant pathogens. Economic losses due to plant diseases can be severe, but fortunately, not all pathogens attacking citrus are present in Florida. Major citrus diseases currently present in Florida include: Alternaria brown spot, blight, citrus canker, greasy spot, melanose, Phytophthora-induced diseases (foot and root rot, brown rot), postbloom fruit drop (PFD), scab, and tristeza. An exotic, destructive disease called citrus greening (Huanglongbing) has recently been found in Florida. Any exotic diseases, if introduced, will increase production costs and decrease profitability for Florida growers. Exotic diseases affect the viability of the industry or the varieties that could be profitably grown. Background information for each exotic citrus disease will be presented in a series of fact sheets to: 1) provide a basis for evaluating exotic pathogens that may pose potential risks to Florida citrus; and 2) create a decision-making framework to prevent their introduction and spread. This paper will discuss Citrus tristeza virus-Stem Pitting (CTV-SP) disease. This article is written based on the materials used for the Workshops of the Exotic Citrus Pathogen Threat Project led by Drs. S. M. Garnsey and H. W. Browning, and approved for publication. This document is Fact Sheet PP-227, one of a series of the Plant Pathology Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date: March 2006.

This paper discusses Witches' Broom Disease of Lime (WBDL). This document is Fact Sheet PP-228, one of a series of the Plant Pathology Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date: April 2006.

This document is one in a series designed to provide important information on the causal agent, symptoms, and transmission of exotic citrus diseases. Disseminating the information about the diseases to the citrus industry may prevent their introduction and spread in Florida. This document will focus on the exotic viral disease citrus leprosis. This document is PP148, one of a series of the Plant Pathology Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date April 2006. PP-226/PP148: Citrus Diseases Exotic to Florida: Citrus Leprosis (ufl.edu)

This paper discusses a disease caused by a xylem inhibiting bacterium, Citrus Variegated Chlorosis (CVC). This document is Fact Sheet PP-223, one of a series of the Plant Pathology Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date: October 2005.

Sweet Orange Scab is a disease that differs in host ranges from the common citrus scab present in Florida. Citrus scab is serious on many tangerines and tangerine hybrids such as Temple, as well as grapefruit and lemons, but rarely causes lesions on sweet orange. In contrast, SOS can cause significant damage on all sweet oranges as well as tangerines and their hybrids. It can be a significant problem on fruit produced for fresh market. Establishment of SOS in Florida could also have quarantine implications for marketing of fresh fruit, especially in Europe. SOS is common in humid citrus growing areas of South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Paraguay, and Uruguay), but its presence has not been confirmed elsewhere. This document is Fact Sheet PP-224, one of a series of the Plant Pathology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication date: November 2005.

The authors' intent is to: 1) provide a basis for evaluating exotic pathogens that may pose potential risks to Florida citrus; and 2) to create a decision-making framework to prevent their introduction and spread. This paper will discuss citrus black spot. This document is Fact Sheet PP-213, one of a series of the Plant Pathology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication date: September 2005.

Citrus is susceptible to a large number of diseases caused by plant pathogens. Economic losses due to plant diseases can be severe, but fortunately, not all pathogens attacking citrus are present in Florida. There are other serious, exotic pathogens that have not been introduced into Florida. This paper will discuss Huanglongbing (HLB), also commonly called citrus greening. This document is PP-210, one of a series of the Plant Pathology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date June 2005.

El cancro de los cítricos (CC) es causado por la bacteria Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri. El agente patógeno entra a los tejidos del hospedero a través de heridas y aberturas naturales llamadas estomas. Es una enfermedad seria que afecta a todos los cítricos y a algunas plantas relacionadas con los mismos. Este documento es PP194-S es uno de una serie del Departamento Patología Vegetal, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publicado originalmente en septiembre 2001. Revisado en Junio 2003. Traducido al Español en octubre 2004. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pp125

Citrus canker (CC) is caused by the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri. The pathogen enters host tissues through wounds and natural openings called stomata. It is a serious disease of all citrus and some citrus relatives. This document is PP194, one of a series of the Plant Pathology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Insitute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original Publication Date: September 2001. Reviewed: June 2003. PP194/PP116: Homeowner Fact Sheet: Citrus Canker (ufl.edu)