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Objective: The world was confronted with an illness 'COVID-19', caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. This novel coronavirus is highly contagious and in just a few months has become a serious threat to human health all over the world. The mainstay in the management of corona viral infections has been supportive care, nutrition, and preventing secondary infections in the absence of any antiviral agent or vaccine. The best way of preventing COVID-19 infection is by enhancing an individual's body immunity. Hence the main objective of this study is to bring forward to the concept of immunity in Ayurveda for preventing COVID-19. Data Source: Different Ayurvedic samhitas and text books, modern medical books, research papers in different journals and internet sources were referred to understand the concept of ojas, immunity and COVID-19. Review Methods: To compile the available literatures on immunity and COVID-19. • To compile the importance of ojas and vyadhikshamatva. • To compile the importance of Ayurvedic concept of immunity in prevention of COVID-19. Results and Conclusion: The best way of preventing COVID-19 infection is by enhancing an individual's body immunity. Ojas is considered as responsible for Vyadhikshamatva (immunity). An adequate exposition of the concept of ojas concerning immunity is essential during this COVID-19 pandemic.

Design Education today is being imparted across the globe by varied institutions. We frequently witness new academic approaches, teaching methods, and pedagogies being discussed, and presented at various Design symposiums, and conferences, in the attempt of improving Design Education. While some investigate new strategies via experimentation and imaginative lenses, others investigate past wisdom to identify its relevance in the present context. The paper explores the latter through the teaching methods of ancient Indian teachers (also called Rishis) and seeks to determine its significance in the modern context. Ancient India had a long and illustrious history of learning and education. There are several examples that stand out and have valuable lessons for educators of today and future. The paper incorporates instances from Pt. Sriram Sharma Acharya's ‘Pragya Purana: Devsanskriti Khand (fourth volume)’, which contains references to Indian culture, gurukuls, and the old Indian educational system. The paper discusses three instances of which one presents an intriguing relationship between diet and education as explained by Maharishi Uddalaka. Another instance is Maharishi Uddalaka's description of how he teaches in the absence of any physical infrastructure, while the last instance is from Takshashila, where Acharya Brahaspati employs a novel method of assessing his Ayurvedic pupil before he graduates. The paper goes into additional detail about the instances cited above from the ‘Pragya Purana’, that demonstrate significant takeaways for the Design education.

Dev Sanskriti Interdisciplinary International Journal (DSIIJ), published by Dev Sanskriti University, Haridwar, is successfully continuing to serve one of the primary objectives, i.e., to provide a platform for research on interdisciplinary subjects of Vedic Culture (Dev Sanskriti) and to provide a proper blend of science and spirituality. Born out of a unique vision of the groundbreaking scholar and great visionary, Pandit Shri Ram Sharma Acharaya, Dev Sanskriti Vishwavidyalaya is an educational Institution that molds its students into noble and enlightened human beings: selfless, warm-hearted, compassionate, and kind individuals. One of the primary objectives of the University is to provide education and conduct research in the disciplines of Vedic Culture (Dev Sanskriti) and to provide a proper blend of science and spirituality. The present volume of the journal includes contributions from across disciplines covering the interdisciplinary subjects of Ancient wisdom. We are delighted to present the following research articles in this issue: The first research article, by Jekaterina Frolova and Chinmay Pandya, aimed to evaluate the most relaxing audio accompaniment for post-workout relaxation. The study involved ten relaxation sessions with different musical accompaniments, and participants rated their experiences on a relaxation scale. The results showed varying responses among the participants, indicating the influence of audio accompaniment on relaxation. The study highlights the potential of incorporating wind chimes and singing bowls into regular relaxation routines for enhanced well-being. In the second paper, K.S. Tyagi, D.P. Singh, and Rajive K Gupta discuss the solid waste management challenges faced by urban and semi-urban areas in the country. The authors describe the successful initiative taken at Dev Sanskriti Vishwavidyalaya in Haridwar, where bio-degradable solid waste is converted into valuable vermicompost and handmade paper. The paper emphasizes the potential of vermicomposting in solid waste management, employment generation, and organic farming with minimal environmental impact. In the third paper, Priya Patel and Tata Hospital assess the usefulness of mounted display boards of dry human bones as a self-directed learning tool for 1st-year MBBS students studying osteology. The study reveals that the majority of students found the display boards to be interesting and beneficial for various aspects of learning, such as improving presentation skills, thinking ability, and subject comprehension. The paper emphasizes the value of incorporating department-specific display boards into anatomy departments as an educational resource. Ambika Bhatt, Purnima Srivastava, and Pavan Kumar Yadav present the fourth paper, which explores the significance of River Ganga in Indian culture. The authors discuss how River Ganga represents not only a water body but also a source of divinity deeply rooted in Indian culture. The paper highlights the knowledge and wisdom that can be derived from the Ganga and its impact on society, suggesting that the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor properties of the holy river can be inherited into the education process to foster balanced and well-rounded personalities. Finally, Alka Mishra and Vandana Shrivastava present the fifth paper, which delves into Marma Science—an extraordinary gem in the vast treasure of Ayurvedic knowledge. The authors explored its application as a therapeutic procedure (Marma Therapy). Different methods of Marma stimulation, classification, applications of Marmas, and mechanisms for the mode of action of Marma Therapy have been reviewed in the paper concluding as an effective therapeutic procedure. We heartily congratulate and thank the reviewers and all the contributors. We hope this issue of the journal will inspire and generate interest among researchers, educators, policymakers, and professionals to understand the significance of Indigenous Knowledge in the present era. We also thank all the readers and seek your feedback to make the journal a more effective vehicle in the field of Indigenous knowledge. Enjoy reading and enrich yourself.

Solid waste management continue to be a major challenge and permanent problem of urban as well as semi-urban areas of the country. A number of initiatives have been taken by several public and private sector organizations to overcome this serious problem. One such initiative taken at the Dev Sanskriti Vishwavidyalaya (DSVV), Haridwar has successfully turned the bio-degradable part of the solid waste into a thriving and profitable enterprise. DSVV has transferred this technology to a number of entrepreneurs through their on-going capacity development programmes for rural development and organic farming. The paper describes how DSVV continue to manage its solid waste of over 5 MT generated daily in the Campus as well as that of Shantikunj by converting it into valuable vermicompost and handmade paper, after segregation, and thus helping DSVV as well as Shantikunj to become completely organic in managing their total area of over 200 acres lush green campus. The paper also describes how rural entrepreneurship training on vermicomposting at DSVV has helped three entrepreneurs, besides many, to develop large commercial vermicompost units with attractive returns. The paper also highlight potential of vermicomposting in solid waste management, employment generation and organic farming with least damage to environment.

Born out of the unique vision of the groundbreaking scholar and great visionary, Pandit Shriram Sharma Acharya, the Dev Sanskriti Vishwavidyalaya (University) conducts research in different aspects of Yagya including its architect, philosophy, medical and territorial importance of herbal mixture used for obligation in Yagya. With immense pleasure, we are introducing the second issue of Volume 5 of the Interdisciplinary Journal of Yagya Research (IJYR) of Dev Sanskriti Vishwavidyalaya, U.K. In the first paper of this issue, author Divya Shukla et. al studied the effect of Ghee lamp and oil lamp on air and found that there is a reduction in the concentration of the carbon monoxide (CO) in the ghee lamp in comparison to the oil lamp. The author found that there was no significant difference in gaseous concentration like Particular Matter (PM1, PM2.5, PM10), Sulfur Dioxide, Nitrogen Dioxide (N3), Ozone (O3), and Carbon Dioxide (CO2). Ekta Chandel and Shraddha Chintalwar in the second paper studied and compare the herbal fumes extract of Yagya and powder extract of \textit{Tinospora cordifolia} (Giloy). In their investigation, they found that there is no obvious difference in the antimicrobial activity of herbal fumes and herbal power of Giloy. In phytochemical analysis, herbal fumes of Yagya contained alkaloids, cardiac glycosides and tannin while they were absent in herbal powder extract. Manuhar Arya and Balwant Kumar explores the Himalayan region and documented the botanical data of six religious plants that were mentioned in 8 collected folklores. The authors observed that in the last three decades some changes have come in the method of usage of important religious plants in the performance of various rituals and ceremonies of the region. Vandana kumari and Piyush Trivedi in the fourth paper describe importance of maintaining Sanskār (sacredness) in Yagya. The authors describe the sanskār of Yagya as the etiquette, the customary code to be performed before initiation of Yagya for maintaining its spirituality and sanctity which was explained with reference to the process of Yagya. Lastly, Tanushri Pathak documented the Indian scriptural data of Yagya which is responsible for the welfare of the human life. The author studied and mentioned the Vedic references for the welfare of individuals with their importance and philosophy. We thank and heartily congratulate the reviewers and all the contributors. We wish for our readers - may this Dipawali brings you the utmost peace and prosperity and pray may Divinity bless you all a good health. We Hope, this issue of the Journal will inspire and generate interest among researchers, educators, policymakers and professionals to understand the significance of Indigenous Knowledge in the present era. We also thank all the readers and seek feedback to make the journal more effective vehicle in the field of Indigenous knowledge. Enjoy reading and enrich yourself. Have a wonderful year ahead.

This paper offers a few observations on the external (consonant) sandhi formation in Telangana Telugu. In the beginning of this paper, Sandhi definitions are discussed in detail, drawn both from Panini and modern Indian (Telugu) grammarians/linguists. The possible sandhi forms in Telugu identified by earlier grammarians were also depicted in the beginning of the paper. Examples given in this paper are primarily drawn from the Telugu natives of Telangana. The issues discussed in this paper may be seen as the continuation work of Prof. Bh. Krishna Murti's research work on external sandhi in Telugu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sixth in a series of recent papers that have engaged with one or the other aspect of various chronological postulations found in books that Indologist Patrick Olivelle has either himself written or has edited, this paper presents a pointed critical engagement with some of the contestable views related to the chronology of “rules for written contracts” in Gregory Schopen’s essay A Buddhist Monastic Code as a Source for Indian Law, which is an essay included in the recent book Hindu Law: A New History of Dharmaśāstra published by Oxford University Press and edited by Olivelle and David R. Davis. Jr..

Today paper has become a very common commodity which is extensively used for writing, reading, painting and other purposes. The new age is considered as fast in science and technology. Paper is a concept of 1st century. But this was not so in early period. There was a period in the history of man when writing was not known and communication was only through speech as a medium of exchange of thought. The next phase of evolution of human civilization was followed by first drawing and then writing on the rocks, on the walls of the caves, stone, wood, metal, pottery, etc. Later on, people discovered a certain types of leaves such as Sanchi-leaves, palm-leaves, bhojya-patra, either by inscribing or incising for communication purpose. Literary and Nation’s own cultural heritage of one’s was focused through these Manuscripts. But these Mss., were the subjects to various forms of deterioration. Therefore they need proper care and handling methods. In this paper, a detail discussion is being presented for the proper care and handling of Manuscripts.

Objective:Rasa Ratna Samuchaya is one of the pioneer literature of Rasa Shastra, written during 13th Cen. AD. Acharya Rasa Vagbhat has written this book with utmost care to the practical and applied aspects of Ayurvedic pharmaceutics in the ancient language. The objective of this review article is to explore and critically analyze the trend of development and applied aspects of Ayurvedic pharmaceutics in contemporary language that may help the academicians and Ayurveda industries.Data Sources:The current manuscript is prepared collecting literature from the book Rasa Ratna Samuchhaya, different commentary on it by eminent scholars and from published papers in different journals.Review Methods:The facts and philosophies mentioned in the same book and different commentaries are thoroughly analyzed, reviewed with respect to historical edges, traditional values, and applied aspects and tried to present systematically and affirmatively.Conclusion:The concerned part of the book reviewed is the 11 chapters, of the first part of the book, where the author has tried to describe; the definition of technical terminologies, designing and uses of different types of tools and devices, identification and collection of materials, systematic pharmaceutical processings, and therapeutic uses as well, in concern with metals/minerals. This book acknowledges all the fundamental principles of Rasa Shastra systematically with approaching its future course of development. This manuscript contains all the rational and time needed descriptions with the elimination of impractical and outdated hypothetical materials (carry forwarded by many previous era authors), having no more utility, with the use of available materials and contemporary intellectuals.

The Nya̅ya school is known as theist philosophy in Indian philosophical literature. Maharishi Gautama was the founder of this Nya̅ya Philosophy. In this research paper I have resorted the Nya̅yasu̅tra of Maharishi Gautama as the representative of the Nya̅ya Philosophy and I have analysed for why the Nya̅ya Philosophy is called as theist? This is the main topic of this research paper. But there are some doubts in this topic. For example, it is not clear from Gautama's opinion that the God (i̅śvara) is the creator of the Vedas. If that is not, then Gautama's opinion will conflict with the Vedas and so on. This research article analyses all these doubts. Therefore, the main requirement of this research paper is to dispel these doubts and analyse the above topic properly. This research paper follows Analytical Research Methodology.

Kālidāsa has won the heart of his country by his works. One of his all works the Meghadūta is undoubtedly the crest-jewel of खण्डकाव्य because in this Kāvya Kālidāsa has very nicely and beautifully used the various Alaṁkāras in each and every stanzas of it. There are so many features in this great Kāvya like Metres, Sentiment, Style and Figures of speech etc., who made it classic and timeless creation ever in Sanskrit literature.The poet has nicely used all the Alaṁkāras. There are also some stanzas which contain an admixture of a few figures of speech. All these illustrate his proficiency in the use of Alaṁkāras and it is clear that he paid a great importance to them in his खण्डकाव्य. Therefore here in this paper, I have try to attempts to show, how The Kālidāsa has made this poem beautiful, Classic and timeless by the use of poetic figures? खण्डकाव्य is the nearest approach to a sustained lyrical poem in Sanskrit. Writers on rhetoric have defined खण्डकाव्य as काव्य एकदेशानुसारी . The Sanskrit lyric may be divided, according to its subject, into two kinds, the religious and the erotic: the numerous extant Stotras represent the modern form of the religious type of the खण्डकाव्य. The erotic lyric, which is the more popular of the two, may be said to commence, for us, with the poem of Kālidāsa. Meghadūta is the best example of this class of kāvyas. It is a unique lyric of love in which the magic of the poet’s imagination teaches its height. The Meghadūta is remarkable as much for its form, as for its contents; for it originated a distinct genre of literary composition which was till then non-existent. No one before him ever thought of writing a whole poem on such a trifling subject as ‘a cloud’ or ‘the message of a love-lore Yaksha’. The Meghadūta is perhaps the most well-known and widely read work of Kālidāsa. It is small in size but it packed up with excellences, both of language and thought. The great commentator ‘Vallabha (10th century) calls it Kelikāvya and Sthirdeva (12th century) calls it Krīdākāvya’ . It is a classic in this class of kāvyas. This wonderful lyric is the best of its kind in Sanskrit literature. On which the poet has spent the entire resources of his inventive genius bearing great wealth of observation, depth of feeling and flight of imagination, it stand unrivalled and a source of inspiration to many poets not only of this land, but also other lands as well. On the base of this kāvya many Dūtakāvyas composed like Hanumaddutam, Hansasandesa, etc. Kālidāsa has won the heart of his country by his works. One of his all works the Meghadūta is undoubtedly the crest-jewel of खण्डकाव्य because in this Kāvya Kālidāsa has very nicely and beautifully used the various Alaṁkāras in each and every stanzas of it. Therefore here in this paper, I have try to attempts to show, how The Kālidāsa has made this poem beautiful, Classic and timeless by the use of poetic figures? Now, I shall deal with some use of the Alaṁkāras in the Meghadūta.

A well-preserved body is required for the dissection of a human cadaver in order to examine the entire body, which requires both theoretical and practical understanding of human anatomy. Modern science has developed a number of methods for preserving dead bodies, however Acharya Sushruta only cites one in Ayurveda. This method is known as the "Jalnimajjan Paddhati" of Mritsanrakshana. Numerous directions are given in this paddhati, and one of them mentions some of the munjayadi dravyas from which one dravya is employed to wrap the body. Attending paper is about studying the role of these dravyas in delaying the body decaying process. Each and every Munjayadi dravya contains tannin. Tannin has inherent anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal properties. Due to above properties tannins containing plants helps in delaying the process of decaying of dead body.

Introduction: This paper correlates the vastly detailed concepts of Janpadod dhwans and Rajyakshma from Charak Samhita to the novel coronavirus. The aim of this paper is to draw the attention of the experts toward the similarities between coronavirus and Rajyakshma, in hopes of finding some more effective measures of prevention as well as cure for the ongoing pandemic. Materials and Methods: In this paper, a little description was given about Adharm and immunity. The concept of pandemic/epidemic is explained with the term “Janpadod dhwans.” A detailed comprehensive exploration of corona versus Rajyakshma was done by thoroughly analyzing certain concepts in the ancient script Charak Samhita and by conducting meticulous research online. Results: It was deduced that every disease changes its mode of onset and course of progression with changing climatic conditions and timeline peculiarities. The diseases are not identical, but the author hopes that the similarities drawn can be of use to better understand the whole spectra of diseases that have come and those that have yet to come. Conclusion: A clear conclusion can be drawn that there are many similarities between COVID-19 and Rajyakshma in clinical presentation, as well as the preventive measures known so far. The role of good immunity is the key factor in both the cases.

Contemporary society is passing through a crisis related to a variety of physical and mental health issues. These issues do not end with one generation. They are being transferred from parents to children due to ignorance or lack of proper living methodologies before, during and after the pregnancy. According to Indian tradition, giving birth to a child is a virtuous duty of a household. Human life is the only one which gives us a chance to attain ultimate knowledge – this is the belief of our ancient texts. Endorsing this view, the Upanishads tell us to respect our parents as if they were gods. ‘Be the one for whom mother is divine, for whom father is divine’ [“मातृदेवो भव”, “पितृदेवो भव”] Further, to gain that ultimate knowledge one must be healthy. Hence says CarakaThe foremost root/cause of Dharma, Artha, Kama & Moksha is health. Diseases are the destroyers of that health, fortune/virtue and life. – [धर्मार्थकाममोक्षाणाम् आरोग्यं मूलमुत्तमम् । रोगास्तस्यापहर्तारः श्रेयसो जीवितस्य च ।] To transfer that health to the child and make his or her life healthy, parents ought to exercise caution and care towards oneself. Ayurveda provides proper direction for such parents. This paper will focus on various aspects of pre-natal care such as cleansing of unwanted malas from the body and balancing doshas in it. It will also cover the points related to types of diets needs to be consumed during the gynecological and pediatric process. Prima facie sexual intercourse and gestation seem to be a general process to give a birth to a child, but for this process to be a success, it includes a healthy mind and well cared for body. This paper will focus in particular on the type of thoughts and the environment required during whole process.

Paryaymuktavali is an ancient Nighantu, composed by Haricharansen, a resident of Utkal (Odisha). In this lexicon, only the synonyms of substances are compiled, not the properties. It is composed on the basis of Amarkosh and Paryayaratnamala. There are 23 Vargas in it, which have been divided on the basis of size, smell, and Rasa (taste). In this, eight fascinating meters have been used along with Anushtupa. Therefore, it is an alluring work from poetic point of view as well. The composition of the scripture cannot be clearly stated; however, based on some external evidence, the approximate period of it has been considered to be the last part of the 16th century. Objective: The objective is to study and analyze the importance and utility of Paryayamuktawali in the present era and its real author. Data Source: Preprinted books of Paryayamuktawali. Apart from this contemporary journal, articles, internet material, and previous research papers related to these subjects have been used. Review Methods: All the published and unpublished literature related to Paryayamuktawali are reviewed by comparing and analyzing the different meanings and thoughts of classical as well as contemporary authors. Result and Conclusion: This article highlights the utility, importance, and originality of Paryayamuktawali.

Objective: Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) A. DC, family Rutaceae, unarmed shrub, known as Asvashakhotah, available in India, has numerous ethnomedical therapeutic claims and is used by many tribes to combat various disease conditions, but these claims are not documented in a single source. Thus, we have made an attempt to compile the available data in a systematic way. Data Source: The data have been compiled from available survey articles related to ethnomedicinal claims, various textbooks related to medicinal plant and research papers related to pharmacological actions. Review Methods: A concerted effort has been undertaken to compile all information from the 117 research articles and 8 books that have been published to conduct the current review. Result and Conclusion: It has been found that nearly 37 tribes in and around India employ the entire G. pentaphylla plant or its various useful parts (leaves, roots, seeds, fruits, and stems) to treat 40 different diseases. The majority of these are recommended for use both internally and externally in the treatment of fever, anemia, jaundice, rheumatism, asthma, eczema, and other conditions. A wide range of pharmacological effects was revealed by G. pentaphylla Retz., including anti-hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatoprotective, antibacterial, antifungal, anthelminthic, antioxidant, antipyretic, anti-tumor, wound healing, anti-inflammatory, insecticidal, and larvicidal activities. With the easy availability of G. pentaphylla Retz. and first-hand knowledge of its potential ethnomedicinal uses, fresh research on this plant may be initiated.

It gives us immense pleasure to publish the Volume 3 Issue 2 of Interdisciplinary Journal of Yagya Research. It has been 3 years for Dev Sanskriti University’s unique initiative providing the platform for Yagya Research to the scholarly community. Yagya is the soul of Indian Culture. Yagya is the philosophy giving the message of living selfless life. Besides, its unparallel message for human society, Yagya is touching all types of the dimensions. From philosophy to Spirituality, from health to the mathematics, truly research on wisdom and science of Yagya is covering interdisciplinary research fields. Mental Health has been a key aspect in the COVID19 duration. Current issue, along with different fields of researches, presents importance of Yagya in the Mental Health and Quality of life through providing 3 papers for the subject. The first article presents us the depth of mathematics involved in the Yagya Kund construction. Authors Ekta Chandel and Vivek Vijay have calculated the volumes of different shapes of the Yagya kunds and brought to us the glimpse of the precise Vedic Mathematics involved in the Yagya Kund construction in Indian Culture decades before. The Second paper, described a novel herbal combination named Saraswati Panchak for mental health. The potential of herbs for mental health and its herbal tablet formulations can be understood from this manuscript along with its coarse power application through Yagya. The next paper gives us the application of Yagya in the thyroid condition by providing its study done on 18 patients. This paper provides the potential of Yagya as a Therapy in the thyroid condition by impacting both thyroid hormone levels as well as quality of life of patients. The fourth manuscript is a review on the Aromatherapy in mental health and indicated similar parts in the Yagya Therapy. In the last paper of this issue, author Neeti Tandon, takes us to traditional implication of Mantras and Yagya specifically using Chandra Gayatri Mantra for mind and peace through the Indian Scripture view. We thank all the reviewers and editing team for their efforts to bring the current issue to the scholarly community, and we wish that the present issue will provide the taste of wisdom and science of Yagya to the readers.

The Ashvamedha Yagya has been hailed as the monarch of rituals in the Indian tradition. Since Vedic times, the Ashvamedha holds a distinguished position among sacrificial rites. The horse symbolizes power. In the Shatapatha Brahmana, potent entities such as the nation, Indra, and the Sun are metaphorically portrayed as horses. The term 'Medha' is synonymous with 'Yagya'. The Nighantu texts provide 15 synonyms for Yagya, one of which is 'Medha'. In the comprehensive meaning of Ashvamedha, in Vedic rhetoric, 'Medha' signifies the awakening of intellect or wisdom. Delving into the philosophical significance of Ashvamedha in scriptural contexts is imperative to grasp this invaluable heritage. This research paper endeavors to understand Ashvamedha in the backdrop of Vedic literature, particularly by deciphering the meanings of the mantras presented in the Vedas. In Rigveda 5/27/4, Ashvamedha signifies the ultimate truth or reality; in Rigveda 5/27/5, it symbolizes the flow of creative power and the bliss represented by the essence of Soma; and in Rigveda 8/68/15 and 8/68/16, Ashvamedha is said to lead to the attainment of strength and the flow of life force. Ashvamedha leads to the enhancement of our intellect, meaning the awakening of wisdom, through which a human is established in the Supreme. The Vedas tell us that the purification of human consciousness through Ashvamedha - the awakening of wisdom - is the reward of Ashvamedha, and that the worship (Medha) of the divine power flow (Ashva) is the expansive, cosmic purpose of Ashvamedha.

Scientific aspects and promising applications of yagya are highlighted in this paper in the light of the recent investigations and findings in some modern laboratories. Potential benefits of the Ashwamedha Yagya in Mumbai are discussed with this backdrop. Importance of the unique confluence of the energies generated by yagya and collective rhythmic chanting of the Vedic Mantras is also highlighted with the scope of path-breaking advanced scientific research.

Born out of a unique vision of the ground breaking scholar and great visionary, Pandit Shri Ram Sharma Acharaya, Dev Sanskriti Vishwavidyalaya is an educational institution to mould its students into noble and enlightened human beings; selfless, warm­ hearted, compassionate and kind individuals. Along with excellent domain focused approach, categorical excellence and a widely knitted outreach connect, the University aims to build individuals with spirituality as their locus of control and help them excel holistically through meticulously designed curriculums and dedicated faculty. One of the primary objectives of the University is to provide education and conduct research in the disciplines of Vedic Culture (Dev Sanskriti) and to provide a proper blend of science and spirituality. This issue of Dev Sanskriti: Interdisciplinary International Journal is a welcome addition in the same tradition. This issue of journal includes contributions from across disciplines like Ayurveda, Psychology, Scientific Spirituality, Parapsychology, Journalism, Education, Philosophy, Indian culture, Literature and Oriental Studies. The first paper of this issue is dictated to the concept and importance of value in media education taking reference of Dev Sanskriti University’s value based education where Sukhnandan Singh discussed the need, challenges and future of values in media education. Our second paper comes from across the border from Massachusetts, USA in which Mary Keator explores the concept of Contemplative Space and its impact on human life. Mary Keator in her study concluded that contemplative space makes human more present and began cultivating a community of care. In third research article Ambikabhatt et. al., discussed the idea of socialism and investigated the base of Indian socialism and its structure concluding that socialism is the thought important to every human being and socialism and education are interdependent, they act as means and doable to each other. Alka Mishra, VandanaShrivastava studied the efficiency of Marma therapy an important aspect of Ayurveda for the treatment of Osteoarthritis of knee. Their research concludes that the Marma therapy therapeutic intervention in themanagement of Osteoarthritis of kneeboth with regards to short-term relief, and long-term self-management. Again the fifth article is across the border from Colorado, USA. It is a prospective on mother earth. The author Joseph Archer explored and analyzed the idea of Hindu dharma on nature. According to the author The concept of considering earth as mother is very applicable and accessible to average Hindus, making it a framework that, if promoted, can help modern India develop a stronger environmental ethic. We heartily congratulate and thank to the reviewers and all the contributors. Hope, this issue of Journal will inspire and generate interest among researchers, educators, policy makers and professionals to understand the significance of Indigenous Knowledge in present era. We also thank all the readers and seek your feedback to make the journal a more effective vehicle in the field of Indigenous knowledge.

Annamayya is a 15th century devotional poet. He embraced Visishtadvaita at a very young age and sang thousands of songs in praise of Lord Vishnu and his various incarnations. He used, not the scholarly tongue but the language of villagers, in his songs. He chose the form/genre of literature, keertanas/songs, that was existent only among the masses until then, and gave it a cult status. Annamayya has to be counted among those poets of Bhakti Movement, who despised caste discriminations and superstitions. He professed true love and devotion for God. In this paper, the eleven forms of devotion proposed by Annamayya are outlined; examples for these forms of devotion were picked from Annamayya's keertanas and are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently there are various global issues like natural calamities, economic crisis, political crisis, nuclear waste, epidemics etc. Drastic climate changes have already impacted several societies across the world, providing an uncomfortable preview of an unstable climate in the near future.Only Humans can be held responsible for creating such problems. Economic crisis and natural calamities have increased as a result of our own selfish and greedy instincts, the bad effects of which are suffered not only by human beings but also by every living being on earth. If we are responsible for creating theseproblemsthen, we are the only oneswho have to solve these issues. The Bhagavadgītā and the Brahmākumārīs provide a clearer knowledge and useful solutions to the aforementioned problems. This paper will give highlights on such philosophical aspects which will help us to develop awareness to be involved in socialwelfare through self-realisation.

The Aṣṭādhyāyī, composed by Maharshi Panini in the fifth century BC, is the best in teaching Sanskrit. This text demonstrates the validity of both Vedic and secular Sanskrit words. Aṣṭādhyāyī is formulaic and nature-convincing. The pronoun (word) and the noun (verb) are in nature. The suffixes are sup, tiṅ, verbs, feminine suffixes, adverbial suffixes, and verb suffixes. In the case of tense and special meaning, the ten syllables of the verb are used as contract-specific, six ṭitaḥ and four ṅitaḥ. And hi- laṭ, liṭ, luṭ, lṛṭ, loṭ, leṭ, laṅ, liṅ, luṅ, and lṛṅ. In the deletion of these conjunctions, only l remains. Therefore, in general, these ten are treated as verbs. In general, we know that laṭlakāra in the present, liṭlakāra in the present-past tense, luṭlakāra in the present-past tense, lṛt in the general future, leṭ in the linguistic sense, loṭ in the sense of questions and prayers in the sense of invitation are the āśīliṅlakāra, the luṅlakāra in the common past tense, and the lṛṅlakāra in the future tense in the infinitive of the verb. The Vedas use the leṭlakāra. There is no use of the leṭ verb in the world. However, the special use of these verbs is also mentioned in theAṣṭādhyāyī. For fear of expansion, this paper only presents the experimental method on laṭlakāra.

Poetry destroys the disease of ignorance existing among people with words of advice containing sweet and graceful words like sugar. What is the characteristic of such a poem? Many rhetoricians have expressed their views on this idea in many ways. There, Jagannatha and others discovered their own view by giving priority to the word itself, “Poetry is a word that expresses a beautiful meaning”. Mammata and others have described the characteristics of poetry by giving priority to both the meanings of the words “that these two meanings are adorned with the virtuous forest again somewhere”. But Viswanath refuted the opinion of Mammata and others in a different way and expressed his own poetic characteristics. In this paper I would like to report how Viswanath defined his own poetic characteristics.

The word symbol is derived from the suffix kikach by the formula alika and others from the prefix in by derivation, perceived or known. This tendency of the word in the sense of limb, organ, body. Therefore, a metaphor in which dramatic characters are presented as symbols of basic objects is indeed a symbolic metaphor. Such metaphors are mainly characterized by the embodiment and humanization of abstract emotions. Images of objects and human emotions that have no perception or visibility in the worldly world are seen here as characters in metaphors. such as lust, anger, greed, delusion, ego, and so on. Although these are inanimate, it is the giving of life to them that characterizes such metaphors. These are treated as Allegorical Plays in English. The subject matter here is deep philosophical thinking and a sense of connected life. Although the creation and discussion of such metaphors in the West began long ago, they have also been widely developed and criticized in Sanskrit literature. Prabodhachandradaya, Sankalpasuryodaya, Yatirajavijaya, Chaitanyachandradaya – these are actually examples of this. This paper presents the origin of symbolic metaphors in Sanskrit literature, their extension and a critique of the content of some such metaphors.

It is true that the dignity of India is unique and admirable among many nations in the world. Because the Vedas are the foundation point of the land of India. The Vedas, forgotten as breath from the lotus of the face of Srimad Bhagavatam, rejoice in the entire world. These Vedas are the cause of preservation of Indian culture. These are the oceans of the nectar of knowledge and the teachings of the Apta. All other scriptures appear like branches of a great and vast tree of the Vedas. Therefore it is said - वेदो वृक्षो मूलकान्यत्र विप्रा अङ्गाः शाखाः धर्मकर्माणि पत्रम्। तस्मान्मूलं यत्नतो रक्षणीयं छिन्ने मूले नैव शाखा न पत्रम्॥ इति The great sages who saw the mantras composed the Kalpa Sutra to easily understand the meaning of the Vedas. In those Kalpa Sutras, more than a hundred religious texts devoted to Smarta knowledge shine as illuminators of Indian culture. The history of the importance of human activity to a healthy social order is found in the scriptures. The Smartajnana Tradition (theological tradition) is very widespread and well-known. It also includes very broad topics such as the varnashrama system, rituals, the five great sacrifices, religion and so on. Ritual is one of those human welfare issues and the best. It takes a long time to consider all the smart knowledge. Therefore, I have described the usefulness of rituals in human life in this paper. From Vedic times to modern times, rituals are observed in this globe. For he is all-knowing, according to the words of Manu, and it is accepted that the Vedas are the seed of all knowledge. Although the Vedas are the ocean of knowledge, all eternal subjects are contained therein. But the proper arrangement of all the virtuous behavior required in human life to attain it is available in memory. Therefore, the rituals described in the Smarta Jnana Tradition must be criticized.This will enable us to know what kind of rituals are to be performed at what time and under what circumstances and what is the usefulness of rituals in life. Consequently, the disordered (unchained) human being in modern society strives to attain salvation by keeping his life chained and orderly.

Born out of a unique vision of the ground breaking scholar and great visionary, Pandit Shri Ram Sharma Acharya Ji, Dev Sanskriti Vishwavidyalaya is an educational institution to mould its students into noble and enlightened human beings; selfless, warm heart compassionate and kind individuals. Along with excellent domain focused approach, categorical excellence and a widely knitted outreach connect, the University aims to build individuals with spirituality as their locus of control and help them excel holistically through meticulously designed curriculum and dedicated faculty. This inter disciplinary journal has always strived for excellence and has offered a platform to the young aspirants to share their knowledge with other aspirants from similar disciplines; such as from Science, Spirituality, Yoga, Ayurveda, Indian Culture, Ancient scriptures and different other walks of life. Over the years, the journal has become a platform that has hosted different scholarly studies and has encouraged qualitative, quantitative, theoretical, and concept-based research articles related to the indigenous knowledge. With a comprehensive approach and a broader vision, this bi-annual journal has been dedicated to the interdisciplinary researches and scholarly studies with special attention to the blends of science and spirituality. This is what makes it unique. The master always insisted that both oriental and occidental should come together and must emerge as the future for humanity. The first article of this volume is across the border from Germany. Simona Theoharova and Petra Warschburger studied the impact of change talk and state of commitment in German youth and found it crucial for Motivational Interviewing that the therapist can recognize in their clients. Their study helped to understand adolescent language concerning change and commitment. The second paper deals with the spiritual sciences. Shikha Rani compared the tools of Narad Bhakti sutra and Shandilya Bhakti sutra in current prospective. In her study she concludes that the refinement of emotions done by Bhakti assists in solving all the major issues of current times. Neha Sharma studied the Bio-psycho-social Intervention in relapse to the treatment of substance dependence in males by taking 100 male subjects from age 16 to 60 years having multiple substance dependence and in her research she concluded that that bio-psycho-social intervention program is significantly effective in relapse prevention among males with substance dependence. Santosh K. Gautam studied the role of mass communication in making India Polio free by providing awareness. In his research, he found that TV is most effective media in mass communication and the level of awareness in people about their health issue is very high, Because of the communication through Television. Next paper is again from across the border Nwaokobia et al., investigated the effect of extraction solvents by varying time of Magniferaindica on yield and physiochemical property. In their study they concluded that hexane gives maximum yield of 13.06% in 8 hours. Gautam Vandana Singh discussed the importance of science and spirituality and concluded that it is necessary to accept the knowledge emerged by deep experiences of spirituality along with understanding the importance of science. In next research article Pragya S. Lodhi et al., studied the impact of diary writing practice on mental health of adolescent girls by taking 100 subjects and they concluded that by diary writing 5 times a week for 30 minutes mental health of adolescent girls significantly improved. Gayatri Gguruvendra and Amrit Guruvendra studied the impact of yoga on high BP in house wives and concluded that yoga practice have positive influence on high BP in 30 to 40 years old. The next paper is again from across the borders from Nigeria Maduet et al., investigated the physiochemical and heavy metals profiles in bore well and sea water. In their study, they concluded that the increased BOD and COD values are higher in lagoon water samples than sea water and borehole water. This is because of the accumulations of industrial and vegetal in lagoon water. We heartily congratulate and thank to the reviewers and all the contributors. Hope, this issue of Journal will inspire and generate interest among researchers, educators, policymakers and professionals to understand the significance of Indigenous Knowledge in present era. We also thank all the readers and seek your feedback to make the journal a more effective vehicle in the field of Indigenous knowledge. Enjoy reading and enrich yourself. Have a wonderful year ahead.

Since ancient times, there is a tradition of composition of lexicons in Ayurveda, which are called Nighantu. The Ayurvedic physicians who do not know the names of drugs, they become suspicious and do not recognize the medicine even after seeing. We gain this knowledge from Nighantu, so the study of Nighantu is essential for Ayurvedic physicians. In the tradition of Ayurvedic lexicons, Madanvinod/Madanpal Nighantu is a sophisticated treatise of Dravya-guna. It is composed by Nrip Madanpal in 1374 A. D. This lexicon has thirteen varga (sections) and at the end Granthakartriprashasti, 14th section is mentioned. In this treatise, along with ancient medicinal substances, new substances like Ahifen are also described. Objective: The objective is to study and analyze the importance and utility of Madanpal Nighantu, in the illumination of the knowledge of handwritten manuscripts. Data Source: Preprinted versions and handwritten manuscripts of Madanpal Nighantu, contemporary journals, articles, internet material, and previous research papers related to these subjects have been used. Review Methods: All the published and unpublished literature related to Madanpal Nighantu is reviewed by comparing and analyzing the different meanings and thoughts of classical as well as contemporary authors. A separate analysis of commentaries on classical texts is done for better understanding. Result and Conclusion: This article highlights the utility and importance of handwritten manuscripts for the sophistication of Madanpal Nighantu. By which the identification, properties and actions of drugs and medical treatment can be made more effective and powerful.

Mind is not by-product of body according to Buddha and Patanjali. Mind is responsible for bondage and liberation. Due to common characteristics between the two religious’ traditions, there is ample scope for comparison. Teaching of Patañjali and Buddha are equally useful even today. We find apparent similarities between jhāna and samādhi. There are important differences between these two. This paper focusses similarities and differences between Buddhist jhāna and yogasamādhi.

It is a known fact that the study of the Kāvyaśāstra would not get its completeness without studying the Kāvyaprakāśa. It is undoubtedly a popular text in the field of Sanskrit literature written by one of the great Kashmirian poets, Mammaṭa, in the 11th century C.E. This monumental work had earned so much popularity that one may find a commentary on it in the nook of each house of Indian scholars. Yet, it remains as difficult as it always had been. Many works have been done in this field, and many more are yet to do. The various commentaries of the Kāvyaprakāśa are still in manuscript forms in various libraries of the country. This paper is an attempt to discuss the commentaries of the Kāvyaprakāśa, particularly the published one, and presents detailed information regarding the commentators, and their other works and contribution to Sanskrit literature.

Dev Sanskriti Vishwavidyalaya once again presents you another intriguing volume of the Dev Sanskriti International Interdisciplinary Journal (DSIIJ) with a motive to promote publication of original works in all disciplines dedicated to the indigenous knowledge and culture. This issue also presents a collection of outstanding works from various different fields such as yoga, history, mass communication, spirituality, psychology, education and cultural studies. This unique amalgamation is what makes us distinctive and enjoyable. Our first article comes from across the border from the Oriental state of China in which Luyan Chen and Fang Lu not only reiterate the significance of yoga and its benefits for the harmonic balance of the mind and body about also point out how it is a medium for cultural exchange between countries with special reference to the India-China Yoga College, Yunnan Minzu University, China. Our next article by Devendra Kumar and Ravindra Kumar draws our attention towards something that is of immense importance from a historical, cultural, and religious point of view for India- the river Ganga. They throw light on the fact that how mother Ganga has been a symbol of the Indian culture and civilization since time immemorial and how its mention can be found in our various old scriptures and key texts through which they try to encourage us to understand the greatness of this glorious river. Exploring the globalization and mass media exposure among youth of AWGP, our next paper by Shreepal Chauhan is an empirical study on 100 youth trainees of Shantikunj, Haridwar using an interview schedule. Besides discussing globalization and mass media in detail, the study gives a descriptive analysis of the trends and preferences of the youth regarding both old and new mass media and social media which are of value. Moving further we have another interesting paper by Rashmi Sharma discussing the various dimensions of Yoga in Srimadbhagwat. This paper throws light on how Srimadbhagwat beautifully attracts one towards unifying with Shri Krishna through Bhakti as well as Yoga, elucidating the paths of Gyanyoga, Bhaktiyoga, Karmayoga, and Ashtangyoga. This paper encourages one to understand Yoga through Srimadbhagwat and apply it in their lives. Sukhanandan Singh very beautifully knits the concepts of communication from the Indian perspective with special reference to spiritual Vedic traditions. The paper presses for focusing our attention towards not just explicit but also implicit communication for a holistic approach. Deepak and Gunjan have shown through their empirical study that the practice of Swadhyay, which is to read, get inspiration and direction for self-upliftment through the lives and thoughts of great personalities, has a positive impact on the mental health of adolescent females. Dayeong Park through her paper sketches an outline of Ramana Maharshi’s life, his teachings with special emphasis on Self-enquiry. She further discusses the theoretical as well as the practical aspects of Self-Enquiry as Meditation and tries to show how it is a valuable and productive meditation technique which can be used to attain Moksha (liberation). Gayatri Gurvendra and Amrit Gurvendra talk about Srimadbhagwat Gita and its significance in today’s times to deal with our daily life stressors and issues. It focuses on all three body, mind, soul; and how yoga also impacts and covers all these three levels. This paper also explains how the Gita is an excellent tool for stress management and self-upliftment.

This paper grows out of the collaboration between an English Educator and an Art Educator who both work with pre service and in-service teachers as they prepare for teacher licensure. Through ongoing conversations about shared interests, the collaboration now has connected the East and West. More specifically, this paper connects Sri Aurobindo’s ideas about education and self-education, ones that privilege the visual and aesthetic, to theories and practices in US Education. Aesthetic Education is at the center of this work. We believe that engaging with artwork, artifacts, and visual culture, provides learners with opportunities to explore the unfamiliar as a way to understand the familiar, enhancing a greater worldview. Ideas from theorists in the West, such as John Dewey and Maxine Greene, along with strategies for visual analysis based on Feldman and Yenawine, align with and are enhanced by Sri Aurobindo’s ideas about education. Through the about power of Intercultural Education, the interconnections and connections begin to knit together East and West, opening a broader worldview in the service of improving education.

अपारे संसारे विविधविपदां नित्यनिलये भृशं तप्तान्द्रष्टुं नयनयुगलं पक्ष्मरहितम्। समुधर्तुं बाहु धरसि नहि शिष्टन्वयवान् जगन्नाथ! त्वं मे गतिर्गतिकस्यासि भगवन्॥ Our Country is India and our Culture is called Indian Culture. This Culture is based on all the Cultures. But Indian Culture comes into our human knowledge first. Man is a social animal and tries to fulfill his desires by living in this Society. Dharma, Artha, Kāma, and Mokṣa are called our four puruṣārthas. Among them, Dharma is the only path to getting the blessings of God. Śrī Jagannātha is the Lord of this Universe. The temple of the Lord Jagannātha is one of the dhāma among all four dhāmas. Various Sanskrit Scripture like Skanda Purāṇa, Padma purāṇa, Nārada Purāṇa, Matsya Purāṇa, Garuḍa Purāṇa, Brahma Purāṇa have mentioned Jagannātha Kṣetra. The description of this sacred place is found in the Ṛgveda and Mahābhārata. The present paper describes, in brief, the cult of jagannātha and various descriptions based on different modern Publications and books.

Currently there are various global issues like natural calamities, economic crisis, political crisis, nuclear waste, epidemics etc. Drastic climate changes have already impacted several societies across the world, providing an uncomfortable preview of an unstable climate in the near future. Only Humans can be held responsible for creating such problems. Economic crisis and natural calamities have increased as a result of our own selfish and greedy instincts, the bad effects of which are suffered not only by human beings but also by every living being on earth. If we are responsible for creating these problems then, we are the only ones who have to solve these issues. The root cause of these issues are not only external factors but also factors which are related to human intimacy or the human psyche, which is explicated by several scriptures. The mind is evolving in disorders like sensual pleasure, anger, greed, ego, attachment, aversion etc., which is known to be the basis of all these global disasters. When a human being realises his true identity together with its latent powers and virtues, then these powers and virtues become beneficial for the welfare of the society. It is mentioned in the Bhagavadgītā that, one who is fully controlling all the organs and is always being even–minded and are engaged in the welfare of all beings and attain God alone. Such unique thoughts have been described by various verses of the Bhagavadgītā and these are also explicit by the Brahmakumaris to make it practical for implementation. This paper will give highlights on such philosophical aspects which will help us to develop awareness to be involved in social welfare through self–realisation.

Every time through our Journal we try to present a collection of research papers and studies that bring to light new ambit of interdisciplinary research. With a similar aim, another attempt has been made to bring you an assortment of some interesting works in this 8th volume of the Dev Sanskriti International Interdisciplinary Journal. This issue caters to a wide spectrum of interdisciplinary fields and topics ranging from environmental issues to theology, from economics to music, education and visions of saints like Swami Vivekananda and Pandit Sriram Sharma Acharya, to a description of river Gauja. All of these trying to integrating science and spirituality at their own level. For instance, drawing from the Vedas, Prof. Sharma and Mr. Sehgal throw a light on the efficient system of water management prevalent in the ancient Vedic period in order to remind and inspire the current generation of its importance, need, and ways of conservation. In a unique attempt, another interesting paper by Rai et al., further strengthens the belief about the universal presence of the symbol "Om" through evidence from morphological and microscopical studies of the Rudraksha beads. Economic development and growth is the main aim of every nation. In his stimulating paper, Awanish Kumar brings a fresh perspective on the subject matter by discussing the economic views of Swami Vivekananda, one ofthe most influential personalities of India and the modern world, with special emphasis on his vision about the methods of agriculture, village industries, adoption of science and technology, and material prosperity with spirituality, which seems to be very relevant even in the contemporary world. On a separate note, Ms. Charu Handa takes us on a melodious journey of Indian music highlighting and establishing its scientific significance as described in our ancient Vedic texts, with a pertinent reminder for its further development and advancement. India has been described as a virtuous nation since centuries and its foundation seemed to be in its education system based on the Vedas. In this context, Preeti Wadhwani attempts to reveal the relative importance of rational, emotional, and the spiritual dimensions of thinking with their relation to the different values in teachers. She also discusses the implications of such findings for India to reach its goal of'Samarth Bharat'. In another promising empirical study, K.R. Chakradhari and Dr. V.K. Singh have shown a positive impact of a yogic intervention on the emotional intelligence of blind students which extends a ray of faith for them. From our International comer this time, Anne Ness et al., from USA present a phenomenological study describing the perception of spirituality in Yoga in Minnesota, wherein they also share their concerns regarding the various barriers to teaching and learning of the traditional spirituality of Yoga, implying the need for more awareness regarding the benefits of the spiritual aspects of Yoga and its practice. In another reference to Swami Vivekananda, Prijma Jhare shares her vision on education system, defining its goal to be contribution towards the holistic development of students which could be achieved through spirituality based education. In a philosophical expedition aimed at human development, Rakesh Verma discusses the power of thoughts and the importance of thought revolution for social change through 'Satsankalp' or solemn pledges as proposed by a proficient visionary Pandit Sriram Sharma Acharya. In our guest article by Rita Araja, she beautifully illustrates the mystical nature, history, importance, and uniqueness of river Gauja with a hope that the sacredness of this river of Latvia would be known all over the globe. We would like to whole-heartedly congratulate and thank all the contributors and reviewers who made this issue of DSIIJ possible. We hope this issue will inspire and generate interest among researchers, educators, policy makers and professionals to understand the significance of indigenous knowledge in the present era. We would also like to thank all our readers and request them to send us their valuable feedback to make this journal a more effective vehicle of indigenous knowledge in the future.

ब्रज में बसे प्राकृतिक सौंदर्य और सांस्कृतिक सौहार्द के मूल में कल्याणमय पर्यावरण पोषण एवं संरक्षण का भाव निहित है। इस शोध पत्र द्वारा सूर-साहित्य में निदेर्शित कृष्ण-लीलाओं और ब्रज संस्कृति में व्याप्त पर्यावरण संरक्षण के विविध आयामों को खोजने की चेष्टा की गयी है। यह संरक्षण का भाव कहीं पशु-पालन की प्रवृत्ति में मिलता है, तो कहीं ग्राम्य संस्कृति में वनों और वृक्षों के अपूर्व महत्व में झलकता है। जैव-विविधता, वन-संरक्षण, वृक्षारोपण, जल-संरक्षण, पर्यावरण नैतिकता आदि आयामों का बहुत स्पष्ट द्योतन ब्रज संस्कृति में प्राप्त होता है। ब्रज संस्कृति द्वारा पर्यावरण संरक्षण हेतु अपने परिवेश से पूर्ण तादात्म्य स्थापित करने का मर्म खोजकर इस शोध पत्र द्वारा प्रस्तुत करने की चेष्टा की गई है। विश्व भर में पर्यावरण को लेकर विविध मंचों पर वैचारिक मंथन हो रहे हैं। किन्तु आज आवश्यकता है आत्म मंथन की- जिसके द्वारा अपनी प्राचीन भारतीय संस्कृति से प्रेरित होकर मनुष्य को सहज-सरल जीवन शैली अपनाकर संपूर्ण पर्यावरण के अभिन्न अंग के रूप में पर्यावरण पोषण में सहायक भूमिका निभानी होगी। इस शोध पत्र द्वारा साहित्य के माध्यम से पर्यावरण संरक्षण के इस आयाम पर प्रकाश डाला जा रहा है। At the core of the natural beauty and cultural harmony settled in Braj lies the sense of well-being, environmental sustenance and conservation. This research paper has tried to explore the diverse dimensions of environmental protection prevalent in Krishna-Leelas and Braj culture as mentioned in the soor-literature. This sense of protection is found in the tendency of animal husbandry, and somewhere in the rural culture, the importance of forests and trees is reflected. Very clear representation of the dimensions of biodiversity, forest conservation, plantation, water conservation, environmental ethics etc is found in the Braj culture. The research paper has sought to present the merits of establishing full identity from its environment for protection of environment by Braj culture. There are ideological discussions on various forums around the world. But today there is a need for self-churning - through which, inspired by its ancient Indian culture, a human being should adopt a simple lifestyle and play an instrumental role in nurturing the environment as an integral part of the entire environment. Through this research paper, this dimension of environmental protection is being highlighted with the help of literature.

The Pāṇinian system of grammar is an excellent text available presently as Aṣṭādhyāyī. The present study is a humble attempt to discuss the Ancient Indian Educational thoughts from the illustration of Pāṇinian rules. Mainly, the educational manners used in the teacher-pupil relationship can be traceable from the grammatical examples. The behavioral science which has been enshrined in our ancient treaties can be taken as the ideal educational manner for the present-day society. In this connection, the grammatical literature of the Sanskrit language is taken as the primary source to carry out this kind of study. So, this paper has attempted to examine the grammatical example collected from the illustration of rules composed in Aṣṭādhyāyī of Pāṇini.

The modern system of education has been built primarily upon the foundation of ancient educational ideals and the practices of modern education have been largely influenced by past experiences. Vedic views are the root of our civilization, hence we cannot neglect the sphere of those views from which our civilization has developed to its present form. The Upanisads are the most important part of the Vedic literature. Theyguide the students through the valuable advices of the preceptors for choosing the correct path in life. The policy of education described in our Upanisads had some special characteristics and it is to be noted that it could be connected to the modern field of education. In this regard, we may refer to the Siksavalli section of the Taittiriyopanisad where education has been handled as a philosophical policy where the teacher stands at the beginning, the students at the end and the subject of teaching in the middle. Through this paper an attempt is being made to interpret the policy of education reflected in the Siksavalli section and its utilization in modern educational fields. A query of investigation would also made to explain how the Vedic people plunged into the world of unknown only with the help of their powerful intellect and deep insight and managed to explain the happenings of the world through their own perception, without any help of modern science and technology. This paper will try to locate the presence and application of the instructions delivered to the students by the preceptor as prescribed in the Taittiriyopanisad, which can still be implemented successfully in the current educational institutions for a smooth and well managed society. A study of the Vedic texts reminds us of the same procedure to be followed for the smooth functioning of the society.

This theoretical paper is an attempt at exploring and understanding the convoluted concept of “suffering” according to the Indian philosophy, including Buddha, Patanjali, Sivananda, the Gita & Jainism. However, the three predominant schools of thought on suffering discussed in detail in the paper are Buddhism, Samkhya and Yoga, along with the concepts of dukha, purusha and prakriti, and the five afflictions mentioned in Patanjali’s Yoga sutras. Drawing from these theories of suffering the author has generated a concept map to facilitate one’s understanding about suffering, and finally, a pertinent conclusion has been drawn describing suffering as a state of mind that is free from the attachment of the transient and is just a fleeting thought of the human mind.

भारतीय संस्कृति एक हाथ में शस्त्र तथा दूसरे हाथ में शास्त्र का संदेश देती है। वैदिक काल मे तत्कालीन ऋषि मुनियों ने दुष्टों के दमन हेतु आयुध निर्माण पद्धति को विकसित किया था। मध्यकाल और आधुनिक काल में भारत में रही विदेशी ताक़तों ने आयुध निर्माण के क्षेत्र में परनिर्भरता के अवगुण को विकसित किया। भारतीय संस्कृति में सदैव ‘बहुजन हिताय एवं बहुजन सुखाय’ का सिद्धांत विद्यमान रहा है किंतु इसके साथ ही साथ प्रत्येक काल में इस सिद्धांत के विपरीत स्वभाव वाले लोग भी पाये गये हैं जो पर पीड़ा एवं पर अधिकार में सुख का अनुभव करते हैं। ऐसे लोगों से आत्मरक्षा एवं लोक रक्षा हेतु आयुधों की आवश्यकता पड़ती है। वैदिक ग्रंथों में अनेकों आयुधों का उल्लेख मिलता है जिनका प्रयोग वैदिक देवताओं एवं आर्य योद्धाओं द्वारा सदैव लोक कल्याण में किया गया। उन आयुधों की निर्माण तकनीकी साधारण थी किंतु उनकी शक्ति असीमित थी, क्योंकि उन आयुधों का संचालन मंत्र शक्ति पर आधृत था जिन्हें वैदिक ऋषियों एवं देवताओं ने अपनी तप शक्ति से लोक हित को ध्यान में रखकर निर्मित किया था। प्रस्तुत शोध पत्र में वैदिक कालीन उन्हीं आयुधों के प्रकार एवं निर्माण तकनीकी के विषय में उल्लेख किया गया है। प्रस्तुत शोध पत्र भारत के स्वर्णिम अतीत की शानदार उपलब्धियों को याद कर आयुध निर्माण के क्षेत्र में आत्मनिर्भरता को प्रेरित करने का प्रयास है। निःसंदेह आज हमारे पास संसाधनों का अभाव नहीं है बस आवश्यकता सृजनात्मक आत्मनिर्भरता को प्राप्त करने की है। Indian culture gives the message of weapons in one hand and scripture in the other hand. In the Vedic period, the immediate saint- sages developed an ordnance manufacturing system to get rid of evil creatures. The foreign forces in India during medieval and modern times developed a defect of dependence in the field of armament manufacturing. The principle of 'Bahujan Hitay and Bahujan Sukhaya' has always existed in the Indian culture, but at the same time people of opposite nature of this principle have been found in every era, who enjoy the pain of others. Armaments are required for self-defense and public safety from such people. Numerous armaments are mentioned in the Vedic texts, which were always used in the public welfare by the Vedic gods and Arya warriors. The construction of those armaments was technically simple but their power was unlimited, as the operation of those armaments was based on the mantra power, which the Vedic rishis and deities had created with their tenacity power keeping in mind the public interest. In the presented paper , the typology and construction technology of the same ordnance across the Vedic period has been mentioned. The presented research paper is an attempt to inspire self-reliance in the field of armament by remembering the glorious achievements of India's golden past. Of course today we do not lack resources but there is only the need to achieve creative self-reliance.

The rhythmic essence of a set of Metres can be captured and encapsulated in what is called an Adjacency Table which generates not only the Metres on which the Table is based but also other recognized Metres as well as a large number of entirely new rhythmic Metres. Starting from clustering different Metres around a comparatively long common sequence of guru-s and laghu-s the paper proceeds to work out a small set of ‘rhythm-elements’ the stringing of which in different orders as per the Adjacency Table yields different Metres. Results on 4 sets of Base Metres are presented.

In the ancient Vedic literature there are many references to Sun God seeking his grace to provide health, vigour and knowledge. In this article various aspects and powers of Sun God are recapitulated, with focus on Sauram. In these days of unprecedented loss of lives across countries due to Corona Virus, it is imperative to look for alternative medications, like Mantra repetition (Japa), which is a well- established remedial practice, like Homeopathy etc. There are several Mantras to cure many diseases of heart and eyes, cough, breathing problems and others in Mahāsauram – which are discussed in this article. Suggestions on a methodology to scientifically establish the benefits of Japa are also discussed in this paper.

Vidura Nīti is one of the finest creations in Sanskrit Literature. It belongs to the Udyoga Parva of the Sacred Scripture Mahābhārata. And Vidura is one of the Prime characters of the Mahābhārata which suggests many ideal thoughts to Dhṛtarāṣṭra and describes the entire Mahābhārata war in front of him from sitting in the house. He has a divine vision by which he can as know all. In this Modern Era, this Nīti Śāstra of Vidura became one of the guidebooks of sincere persons. Vidura Nīti contains eight chapters from thirty-three to forty of the Udyoga Parva of the Mahābhārata. This paper describes the social aspects of morales of Vidura Nīti in brief.

In this paper the proposed to discussion is the Jaina concept of Śabdapramāņa. As we know many Jaina logicians, right from Umāswāti (1st C A.D.) to till Yaśovijaya (1608-88 A.D) have defined Pramāņa differently.1 Though the definition differs in terms of expression, conceptually they are same. In the tradition of Jaina philosophy the treatment or problem of knowledge can be discussed at two levels. And they are: The treatment, as found in agamic literature and based on agamic classification and the treatment based on later logical literature and the classification based on it. By logical literature, what I intend is the systematic logical texts from Akalaṅka(750 A. D.) downwards or even from Siddhasena Divākara (480-550 A.D.). The treatment where knowledge is divided into mati, śruta, etc., is one, based on the agamic literature and where it is divided into pramāņas like perception, etc., is the second one, based on logical classification. Jaina logicians have divided knowledge into two, viz. pratyakşa and parokşa. Pratyakşapramāņas are five in number, i.e. mati, śruta, avadhi, manaḥparyāya, kevala, and parokşapramāņa is divided into five as smŗti, pratyabhijñāna, tarka, anumāna and śabda. I have discussed elsewhere the Jaina concept of Pramāņa and the concept of parokşapramāņa with special reference to smŗti, pratyabhijñāna, tarka, and anumāna.

Women and men are vital reciprocal factors in the building of a society, a state, and a country. The society in which humans are living has been structured to follow some laws and rules to live cordial lives. They have all rights to live with dignity and humility. Humans should not be thrown into the wilderness. Articles 25 of Human rights and 21, 15(3) of the Indian constitution provide the right to freedom to all human beings irrespective of sex, caste, and creed. But during World War II, the gross violation of human rights was seen. When UNO was formed in its general assembly on 10 December 1948 a chapter of 30 human rights was declared. Years rolled on equal human rights for men and women are yet to be seen in society. The security, identity, and dignity of women are in danger even in the 21st century where women are pursuing the same job and other works as men do. In this paper, a sincere effort shall be made about the views of Manu, Yāñjyavalkya, and Gautama, etc. other Smṛtikāras to unfold the rights of women especially to property. Our ancient texts have expressed a number of propositions over the eligible persons to receive the succession to women’s property and what has been the reason behind to do so. The article will also focus on the several types of Women’s property (Strīdhana). The Conclusion has been focused on the influence of various texts over the Hindu Succession Act of India in the current period.

भारत के अनेकों आधुनिक इतिहास कारों में यह भ्रम फैला हुआ है कि ब्रिटिश सरकार ने ही भारत को एक राष्ट्र के रूप में एकीकरण किया है तथा भारत: एक निर्माणाधीन राष्ट्र है। किंतु पुराणों और अन्य संस्कृत ग्रन्थों में प्राचीन काल से ही भारत राष्ट्र और इसकी राष्ट्रीयता का वर्णन किया गया है। विभिन्न पुराणों में न केवल भारत वर्ष नाम की व्याख्या ही की गई है बल्कि इसकी अस्मिता, सांस्कृतिक प्रभाव और भौगोलिक सीमाओं का भी वर्णन किया गया है। विभिन्न पुराणों में भुवनकोश अर्थात् प्राचीन विश्व की भौगोलिक स्थिति का वर्णन करते हुए भारत वर्ष की भोगौलिक सीमा, इसकी सांस्कृतिक विरासत, विभिन्न भाषाओं, परम्पराओं, प्रान्तरों वाले विशाल भूभाग का सांस्कृतिक, सामाजिक, धार्मिक एवं सामुदायिक राष्ट्र के रूप में वर्णन किया गया है। प्रस्तुत शोध लेख में पौराणिक प्रमाणों के आधार पर भारत के प्राचीन इतिहास, इसके नाम करण, भौगोलिक स्थिति तथा भारतीय संस्कृति की प्राचीनता का वर्णन किया गया है। पुराणों में ही इस देश का नाम भारत वर्ष पहली बार प्राप्त होता है। पुराणों के भौगोलिक विवरणों के अनुसार भारत वर्ष जम्बूद्वीप के इलावृत्तवर्ष में स्थित मेरूपर्वत अर्थात् पामीर नाट के दक्षिण में बसा है और आज भी भारत अफग़ानिस्तान स्थित पामीर पर्वत माला के दक्षिण में स्थित है। पुराणों में भारत वर्ष के जिन पर्वतों, नदियों, सरोवरों, तीर्थों तथा सागरों का वर्णन किया गया है वे आज भी भारतीय उप महाद्वीप में वर्तमान हैं। आधुनिक योरापीय विद्वानों और उनके शिष्य भारतीय इतिहास कारों ने पुराणों को पंडितों की गप्प बताया और प्राचीन भारतीय इतिहास के अध्ययन में पुराणों एवं अन्य संस्कृत ग्रन्थों को ऐतिहासिक शोधकार्य के योग्य नहीं माना। विश्व के प्राचीन राष्ट्रों मिश्र, यूरोप, चीन, मध्यपूर्व के देशों का प्राचीन इतिहास उनके प्राचीन साहित्य और अन्य प्रमाणों के आधार पर लिखा गया है किंतु भारत के इतिहास लेखन में भारतीय साहित्य को प्रमाण के योग्य नहीं माना जाता, यह आश्चर्य का विषय है। अतः भारत में इतिहास के क्षेत्र में संस्कृत वाङमय पर शोधकार्य अत्यंत आवश्यक है। इसी उद्देश्य को दृष्टि गत रखते हुए यह शोध पत्र प्रस्तुत किया गया है। Many modern historians of India boast about the uncertainty of the fact that it is the British government that has integrated India into a nation and India is a nation under construction. But Puranas and other Sanskrit texts have described Indian nation and its nationality since ancient times. The name Bharatvarsha is not only explained in various Puranas, but its identity, cultural influence and geographical boundaries are also illustrated. In various Puranas, describing the geographical location of the ancient world, Bhuvanakosh, the geographical boundary of India, its cultural heritage, the vast landmass with different languages, traditions, has been described as a cultural, social, religious and communal nation. On the basis of mythological evidence, the presented research paper describes the ancient history of India, its nomenclature, geographical location and the antiquity of Indian culture. In the Puranas, this country gets its name for the first time as India. According to the geographical details of the Puranas, India is situated in the region of Jambudweep at the south of the Meruparvat i.e. Pamir Naat and even today, India is situated in the south of Pamir ranges in Afghanistan. The mountains, rivers, lakes, shrines and seas of India which are described in the Puranas, are still present in the Indian subcontinent. Modern European scholars and their disciple Indian historians termed the Puranas as the gossip of the Pandits and did not consider Puranas and other Sanskrit texts worthy of historical research in the study of ancient Indian history. The ancient history of the ancient nations of the world, Egypt, Europe, China, Middle East countries have been written on the basis of their ancient literature and other evidence, but Indian literature is not considered worthy of proof in the historiography of India, is a matter of surprise. Therefore, research in Sanskrit Vangmeya is essentially needed in the field of Indian history. Keeping this objective in view, this paper has been presented.

With its 4th Volume, the International Journal of Dev Sanskriti Vishwavidyalaya takes its leap forward in the very special month of Guru Poornima. Guided by the teachings of the spiritual master Yugrishi Pt. Shriram Sharma Acharya, this interdisciplinary journal has always strived for excellence and has offered a platform to the young aspirants to share their knowledge with other aspirants from similar disciplines; such as from Science, Spirituality, Yoga, Ayurveda, Indian Culture, Ancient scriptures and different other walks of life. Over the years, the journal has become a platform that has hosted different scholarly studies and has encouraged qualitative, quantitative, theoretical, and concept-based research articles related to the indigenous knowledge. With a comprehensive approach and a broader vision, this biannual Journal has been dedicated to the interdisciplinary researches and scholarly studies with special attention to the blends of science and spirituality. This is what makes it unique. The master always insisted that both oriental and occidental should come together and must emerge as the religion of 21st century. This volume edifies its readers through an array of enlightening studies and research papers and tries to push the thinking limits further through its wide scope from Yoga philosophy to corporate management, from the impact of social media to women empowerment and psychological well being of the adolescents to the literature featuring the works on Puranas, Natyashastra and Ayurveda. On one hand, where Santa Mishra and Jyoti Satpathy conducted a field investigation to find the correlation of age. Yoga and circadian Rhythm on attention, Manoj Deori and Sunil K. Behera did an exploratory study on the impact of social media on youth of Assam. While the empowerment of women is always a revolution which Shantikunj has been propagating since long, Shobhna Jeet highlights the role of women in the nationwide achievements in the economic upfront and throws light upon micro financing regulations and address the monitoring and regulatory aspect in particular. Bajrang Lal Atri digs deeper in the rich history and heritage of India and enlightens the readers with the unseen and the unknown. While most of us know the present day British version of the Indian history, Atri dwells deeper in the pages of ancient scriptures and Puranas and unfolds the glory of the nation. The Vedic symbol Om has become the subject of study to many scholars and Himani Anand didn’t remain untouched as well. The researcher conducted the study of the affect of Om meditation on Psychological well-being of the adolescents and brings light to many. Chanakya is a famous name that glitters in the modern Indian history and his principles and teachings have had time and again gained attention of the scholars and leaders. This International Journal incorporates the work of Siba P Rath who has very meticulously studied the western and Japanese system of management and then compared it with the Indian style of management through Chanakya and Arthasastra. The researcher in her paper titled "Chanakya Sutras and Arthasastra: The Gospels of Corporate Management for Modern Application" has examined these two applications in the contemporary context for corporate use. Whereas, Urmila Pandey's work on Yoga Darshan actually tries to help the aspirants of the spiritual path learn the ways of how to break the realms of Chaturvyuhawad and tread the path of liberation; Biplab L Choudhury and Kapil K Bhattacharyya brings to the reader a model of communication that overcomes the limitations of Western approach and unveils a new approach based on Natyashastra in his work titled, "Communication from Indian Perspective with Special Reference to Niityashastra" With the objective of highlighting the classification, synonyms, pharmacological actions as described in various diseases, and different formulations of Trikatu in ancient Ayurvedic literature in special reference of Brihattrayi and Nighantus, Bhavna Singh, SatVadeo Upadhyaya and Sujata Nunna conducts a critical review of Trikatu in Ayurvedic classics. In yet another attempt of analyzing the status of women in social India in the 20th century, Rupal A Farista takes the interesting route of the short stories of Mulk Raj Anand and brings to the reader the social canvas of the 20th century. Lastly, the eastern and Indian ethos are being underlined by Ankur Mehta in his paper "Strategic Business Unit to Spiritual Business Unit: A complete Organizational Transformation", where the scholar has attempted to implement the postulates of Yug Nirman propagated by Yugrishi Pt Shriram Sharma Acharya and offer a model to practically incorporate them to check the governance related scandals and scams across the corporate corridors. We hope this mix of interdisciplinary flavor will certainly bring home a lot of learning to all our readers and subscribers. Stay connected for more in the subsequent volumes. Finally we heartily congratulate and thank the reviewers and all the contributors. We also hope that this issue of Journal will inspire and generate interest among researchers, educators, policy makers and professionals to understand the significance of Indigenous knowledge in present era. We also thank all the readers and seekers for their valuable feedback to make the journal a more effective vehicle in the field of Indigenous knowledge. Happy Guru Poornima, Editor's Desk