Search

Examination of hypodontia as one of the most frequent developmental disorder receives high importance in the national as well as in the international literature. As the disorder can affect the dental and mental development of the children therefore early diagnosis and treatment are necessary. The authors analyzed the OP radiograms of patients aged 6 to 18 who were registered between 2006 and 2011 at the Department of Pedodontics and Orthodontics of Semmelweis University, excluding children suffering from general diseases or other syndromes. The aim of the examination was to determine the occurrence of missing teeth germ cases in the registered database of the Department, diagnose the prevalence of aplasia and compare the results with the national and international literature. Out of the 900 patients (372 boys and 528 girls) included in the examination missing germs were diagnosed in 94 cases (10,44%). In most cases the germ of the lower second premolars was missing (34,64%), then came the upper lateral incisors (27,38%) and the aplasia of the upper second premolars (21,23%). There was no relevant difference between the two sides. The number of affected girls was higher by 25% than the number of boys. Most of the results are close to the result in international literature.

Our study is aimed to focus on severe hypodontia, the absence of multiple teeth in permanent dentition. Examining the variation of the number of teeth agenesis of permanent teeth is relatively common but real oligodontia is rarely encountered during our daily work. At a number of patients recently attending the Pedodontics and Orthodontics Department of the Dental Faculty of Semmelweis University oligodontia, the absence of at least six or more permanent teeth was found. Examining the aetiology of oligodontia it can be determined that both endogen and exogenous environmental factors may contribute to the cause of the anomaly. In its pathology genetics is considered as the dominant factor what is also proved by familiar inheritance aggregation however it is hard to determine the aetiology in most cases. Severe oligodontia most often is part of certain syndromes. The anomaly causes not only aesthetical and functional problems but also may lead to several complications so early recognition and referral is considered essential. Therapy often involves multidisciplinary approach with individual assessment and planning. We would like to present the possibilities of orthodontic pre-treatment for prosthetic and implant replacement through our cases.

Congenital aplasia (agenesis) is an important development dental anomaly. There is a big discrepancy between the data on the prevalence of aplasia in dental literature. The authors analyzed orthopantomograms of 1875 children and adolescents at the Department of Dentistry for Children and Orthodontics of Semmelweis University. The prevalence of congenital aplasia was found 15.68% (294 subjects). There was no difference between the sexes. The most frequently missing teeth were the upper lateral incisors, the lower second premolars, the upper second premolars and the lower central incisors. The highest number of aplasia was detected in the second premolars (330 teeth). The frequency of aplasia of the molars was 0.74%. Oligodontia was found in 1.12%. The authors present two patients with aplasia and the successful treatment of the cases.

A multi-band appliance was used to space-closure after the deciduous canines were extracted. The upper first molars got a ring the other teeth direct brackets. The mesial movement was achieved with rubber band pull.

The principal characteristics of numerical anomalies of the teeth are described: the occurrence, the incidence, the nomenclature. With healing such anomalies the cooperation of the oral surgeon, the prosthetic and the orthodontist is important. Methods of orthodontical, oral, surgical, and prosthetical treatment are described. Possibility of prevention, its significance and the necessity of examining such anomalies are mentioned.