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The present review highlights the recent applications of mid-infrared spectroscopy and in particular of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRIFT) and attenuated total reflectance (ATR) and processing methods (e.g., deconvolution, derivative and chemometrics) to rapidly provide valuable information on soil composition and organic geochemistry. Research has demonstrated that both DRIFT and ATR techniques can be considered useful tools for the analysis of a large number of soil samples, giving not only typical spectral patterns but permitting an accurate prediction of quantitative parameters such as, e.g., total carbon, total nitrogen, C/N ratio, lignin, dissolved OC, carbonyl-C, aromatic-C, O-alkyl-C, and alkyl-C contents. Based on literature results, infrared spectroscopy can be recognized as one of the most promising analytical techniques for investigating soil science.