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Writing activities among higher education students are one of the primary activities. The declining interest and initiative in writing among students contrasts with the skills needed in the workforce. One way to enhance students' initiative in writing scientific papers is through coaching activities. This study aims to prove the effectiveness of Character Excellence Coaching in increasing Personal Growth Initiative (PGI) among students in writing scientific papers. The design used is one-group pretest and posttest design. The respondents were 7 students from Faculty X who are in their 5th and 7th semesters. The measurement tool used was the Personal Growth Initiative Scale-II. Wilcoxon test analysis showed a decrease in personal growth initiative scores after the intervention with a mean difference of 0.429 and a p-value of 0.850 (>0.05). This means that the Character Excellence Coaching intervention was not significantly effective in increasing the personal growth initiative among students.

This paper examines the psychoreligious dimensions in a therapy perspective, which can be performed on people affected and those who are not affected by the 2019 corona virus (Covid-19), because pandemic situations often cause social chaos, and are often even discovered from religious thought and the socio-religious community. The kind of research in this paper is library research, using a qualitative-philosophical approach. The data were analyzed by using the Religious Cognitive Emotional Theory (RCET). This study found; first, physical healing efforts require realistic religious thinking to explain that the purpose and meaning of their life is very important, and keeping the body healthy is the most important teaching of religion. Second, the therapy process can be carried out by the therapists by directing clients into three main dimensions: psycho-religious, cognitive-religious, and spiritual-religious. The findings in this study contribute to increasing the treasures of thought in therapy disciplines in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic.

This paper aims to give a systematic review on how Social Network Analysis (SNA) Applied in the psychology field of study. Research questions are used to analyse the dataset of journal articles and conference papers collected from IEEE Xplore. 50 papers gathered after applying the advance search of “Social Network Analysis” AND "Psychology" OR "Behaviour prediction" OR "Emotion prediction" OR "Depression" OR "Self-harm" OR "Happiness" ranging from the year 2019 to 2021. Of the 50 journals and papers collected, one journal is the most cited, namely the journal Armstrong R, Hall BJ, Doyle J, and Waters E in 2011. "Cochrane Update. 'Scoping the scope' of a Cochrane Review". The Journal of Public Health. We found that the discussion and uses of SNA in psychology can be divided as to propose a model of early prediction, to propose a model on how to handle and process the data, also analysing psychological factors and problems using the SNA and social computing itself.

‘Tut Wuri Handayani’ is the slogan of the National Education of Indonesia, written in Sanskrit. It is a Philosophy of Education which was originally promoted by Ki Hajar Dewantara. Practically, it is an accumulation of educational processes that prioritize the transformation of good character and knowledge through Organization Governance that is instigated by educational leadership. In this regard, the paper utilizes literature review method to get information from researchers published in refereed journals regarding process governance, model of organization governance in school and synthesizes the information to show how “Tut Wuri Handayani” can be promoted by the school leaders in order that it can be integrated in the school governance. This paper invites researchers to apply qualitative research designs to explore the possibility of the implementation the Philosophy Education: “Tut Wuri Handayani” in Organization Governance of Schools in Indonesia.

Background of the study: In the ever-evolving digital era, this study emerges to uncover potential concealed connections between social media addiction and relational aggression behaviour among university students. Aims and scope of paper: This study aims to investigate the relationship between social media addiction and relational aggression among students at Universitas Negeri Padang Methods: The research design used in this study is correlational research. The research sample consists of 526 respondents from various faculties, aged between 19 and 30 years. Data collection was conducted through two questionnaires measuring social media addiction and relational aggression behaviour. Result: The correlation analysis of the hypothesis test, utilizing the Pearson product-moment correlation test, has provided compelling evidence. The Pearson correlation coefficient, which stands at 0.682, signifies a substantial and positive relationship between the variables under scrutiny: social media addiction and relational aggressive behaviour among students at Universitas Negeri Padang. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between social media addiction and the prevalence of relational aggressive behaviour among Universitas Negeri Padang students.

Indonesian adolescents spend too many hours using the internet. It leads to negative impacts, including problematic internet use (PIU). Few studies have found that social factors from parents and peers contribute to how they use the internet. Regardless, they still found inconsistencies regarding whether parents or peers, if investigated together, had the highest impact on their maladaptive internet use. This study aimed to examine the contribution of adolescent attachment to parents and peers to adolescents’ maladaptive internet use in terms of PIU. This research is using accidental sampling. The subjects were 237 adolescents (91 male) aged 12-24 years (M=15.03) from the Jabodetabek area. Data was collected using Google Forms. The PIU was measured using IPIUS (Indonesia Problematic Internet Use), and adolescents’ attachment was measured using IPPA (Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment). Multiple regression with the stepwise model is applied to investigate the contribution of attachment to PIU. This paper argues that parent and peer attachment contributes significantly to adolescents’ PIU, and this parent attachment has a higher influence than peer attachment. This implies that optimizing parents’ role in attachment behavior could still impact adolescents’ internet behavior.

Masyarakat maritim membutuhkan performa adaptif baik untuk dapat bertahan dan memahami perubahan yang terjadi dalam lingkungan kerjanya. Individu yang memiliki performa adaptif yang baik biasanya akan cenderung lebih mudah dalam menyesuaikan diri dengan perubahan yang terjadi di lingkungan kerjanya. Pada penelitian terdahulu alat ukur performa adaptif hanya disusun dan digunakan pada subjek karyawan dari suatu perusahaan. Hal ini menyebabkan alat ukur terdahulu kurang dapat mewakili apabila digunakan untuk mengukur performa adaptif masyarakat maritim. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan alat ukur performa adaptif yang dikhususkan untuk masyarakat maritim terutama yang berada di wilayah dusun Trisik, Kelurahan Banaran, Kulon Progo. Data dalam penelitian ini dikumpulkan dengan menyebarkan kuisioner melalui paper based dan didapatkan responden penelitian sebanyak 143 orang. Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 11 faktor yang terbentuk dari 42 komponen yang di analisis dan reliabilitas dari alat ukur performa adaptif dengan koefisien alpha 0,917.

Nigeria, the largest country on the continent of Africa, has been fighting wars with the proclaimed terrorist group Boko Haram. Currently, Boko Haram has between 1,500 and 2,000 fighters; most documentation about them is either a position paper or a situation review. There is scanty data on the personality and psychological assessment of Boko Haram terrorists using a standardized self-report inventory. Hence, this study aims to describe and explore the profile of the Boko Haram suspects on all the scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form. Eleven respondents were purposefully recruited because they were the only ones incarcerated at the ‘Kiri-kiri’ Prison facility at the time of this research. Their scores on the inventory were descriptively analyzed. More of these terrorists endorsed significant scores or symptoms of emotional/internalizing dysfunction (EID), somatic complaints (RC1), antisocial behavior (RC4), ideas of persecution (RC6), gastrointestinal complaints (GIC), neurological complaints (NUC), suicidal/death ideation (SUI), anxiety (AXY), shyness (SHY), and disaffiliativeness (DSF), while elevated scores or severe symptoms were reported on stress/worry (STW) and psychoticism (PSYC-r). This research provides personality and psychological assessments of Boko Haram terrorists for the first time using MMPI-2-RF, though it is limited by sample size. Therefore, a larger sample size may be needed for further studies and the ability to make inferences and generalizations.

Psychological Well-being atau kesejahteraan psikologis seseorang merujuk pada kondisi mental, emosional, dan sosial yang positif. Ini mencakup perasaan bahagia, kepuasan hidup, kepercayaan diri, hubungan yang baik dengan orang lain, serta kemampuan mengatasi tantangan dan stres. Psychological well-being dapat memiliki hubungan yang positif dengan mindfulness, dilihat dari adanya kesadaran penuh pada yang dialami tanpa menilai nya secara berlebihan. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menemukan bagaimana sikap negatif yang dimiliki mampu berubah menjadi sikap positif melalui kesadaran dari individu sebagai salah satu aspek kesejahteraan psikologisnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode studi kasus dan studi dokumentasi. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Psikologi semester 5 terdiri dari empat partisipan (2 laki-laki dan 2 perempuan). Analisis data menggunakan wawancara, pemadatan fakta, pengkategorian fakta, membuat sub-tema. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa mindfulness memiliki keterkaitan dengan sikap negatif dan juga sikap positif dari suatu individu, yaitu (1) sikap anti sosial, (2) self-image yang rendah, (3) komunikasi yang buruk dengan keluarganya, (4) trust issue mengenai laki - laki, (5) tidakut ketika berada di dekat ayah (6) kebiasaan melakukan prokrastinasi akademik. Adapun sikap positif yang dimaksud yaitu, (1) sikap pantang menyerah dan optimis terhadap hasil yang akan diraih, (2) mensyukuri hal - hal yang terjadi, (3) merasa tidak menyangka atas pencapaian yang diperoleh, (4) senang membantu ayah dalam melakukan pekerjaannya. Dengan demikian berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat dikatidakan bahwa dimensi penerimaan diri dan juga pengenalan lingkungan yang ada pada kondisi well-being seseorang akan muncul ketika seseorang menyadari makna dirinya sendiri sehingga kondisi psychological well-being nya lebih bermakna. KEY WORDS: kesejahteraan psikologis; kesadaran pikiran; sikap negatif; sikap positif ABSTRACT a person's psychological well-being refers to positive mental, emotional and social conditions. This includes feelings of happiness, life satisfaction, self-confidence, good relationships with others, and the ability to cope with challenges and stress. Psychological well-being can have a positive relationship with mindfulness, seen from full awareness of what is experienced without overvaluing it. This paper aims to discover how negative attitudes can be changed into positive attitudes through individual awareness as an aspect of their psychological well-being. This research uses a qualitative approach using case study and documentation study methods. Participants in this research were 5th semester Psychology students consisting of 4 subjects (2 men and 2 women). Data analysis using interviews, condensing facts, categorizing facts, creating sub-themes. The results of the research show that mindfulness is related to negative attitudes and also positive attitudes of an individual, namely (1) anti-social attitudes, (2) low self-image, (3) poor communication with his family, (4) trust issues regarding men. - male, (5) afraid when around father (6) habit of engaging in academic procrastination. The positive attitude referred to is, (1) an attitude of never giving up and being optimistic about the results that will be achieved, (2) being grateful for the things that happen, (3) feeling unexpected about the achievements obtained, (4) happy to help father in doing things. his job. Thus, based on the research results, it can be said that the dimensions of self-acceptance and recognition of the environment that exist in a person's well-being condition will emerge when a person realizes his own meaning so that his psychological well-being condition is more meaningful. KEY WORDS: psychological well-being; mindfulness; negative attitude; positive attitude Copyright ©2023. The Authors. Published by Journal of Indonesian Psychological Science (JIPS). This is an open access article under the CC BY NO SA. link: Creative Commons — Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International — CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

Paper ini membahas sebuah kerangka konseptual bernama paradigma transformatif dan relevansinya bagi riset-riset tentang disabilitas. Paradigma transformatif merupakan sebuah kerangka kerja penelitian yang menekankan prinsip keadilan sosial dan konsep tanggung jawab sosial ilmu pengetahuan. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa paradigma transformatif dapat menjawab apa yang selama ini menjadi persoalan atau kesenjangan (research gap) dalam riset-riset tentang disabilitas di Indonesia. Persoalan atau kesenjangan tersebut adalah masih dominannya penggunaan perspektif patologis dalam riset-riset disabilitas di Indonesia, termasuk studi-studi yang dilakukan di ranah psikologi. Artikel ini disusun berdasar tinjauan literatur atas referensi-referensi utama tentang paradigma transformatif yang ditulis oleh Donna M. Mertens. Berpijak pada tinjauan literatur tersebut, artikel ini berargumen bahwa paradigma transformatif dapat mencegah terjadinya patologisasi dalam riset-riset disabilitas karena paradigma ini menawarkan orientasi axiologis, ontologis, epistemologis dan metodologis yang lebih adil dan kritis dalam melihat persoalan disabilitas.

While there are pervasive canonical examples of the Stroop task effectiveness to induce the ego depletion effect, there were much less is known about how this paradigm used in the Indonesian samples. Our current study aims to investigate whether the Indonesian version of Stroop task would generate ego depletion effect. Seventy-five university students between the ages of 18 and 21 were randomly assigned into three groups, two depletion and one control conditions. The first and second groups respectively received incongruent and congruent Stroop stimulus through Psytoolkit online experimental psychology platform, and the third group received no stimulus. We administered the online Corsi block test to participants in the experimental group and compared their scores with the control group to determine whether or not ego depletion effect, induced by the Stroop task, had occurred. The findings of this online experimental study demonstrate that there were no significant differences (p > .001) in participants' spatial span scores across three groups. The findings of this study suggest that performing the Stroop task to elicit the ego depletion effect should be carried out with caution. Its implication and recommendation for future research are discussed in the paper.

Adolescents who have ended their romantic relationship experience negative emotions such as sadness and charging. However, this must be followed up so they can focus on happiness. Therefore, this study aimed to determine how the effect of forgiveness on the happiness of adolescents after broken love in Palembang City. This study used a quantitative research design with non-experimental. The sampling technique was purposive sampling (n equals 360) in Palembang City. The research instrument uses The Heartland Forgiveness Scale and The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire. The research procedure uses two methods, namely Google Forms and paper. The data analysis method used in this study was a simple linear regression technique assisted by using IBM SPSS 26 for Windows. The results of this study indicate that forgiveness has a significantly positive effect on happiness in broken-up adolescents by 0.05, which means that adolescents who have high forgiveness have a good effect on happiness. These findings enable further research to offer interventions for forgiveness to increase happiness in adolescents after a breakup.

Abstract. The growing economic sector and people’s living standards growth have caused the number of domestic solid waste in urban areas to increase. The paper aims to analyze correlation between perceived behavioral control and intention to sort waste towards waste sorting behavior at work by applying Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) from Icek Ajzen. This study uses a quantitative approach towards 251 respondents using likert scale (1 – 4) as the instrument. The measuring instrument are Pearson Product Moment and Multiple Correlation. The results of this study indicate that (1) there is a correlation between perceived behavioral control and waste sorting behavior (0.371); (2) there is a correlation between intention to sort waste and waste sorting behavior (0.313); (3) there is a strong correlation between perceived behavioral control and intention to sort waste (0.802); (4) correlation between perceived behavioral control and intention towards waste sorting behavior shows R2 = 0.372. Company’s intervention through the provision of appropriate types of trash bins with close proximity to the employee's position at work is needed to improve waste sorting behavior. Keywords: intention, perceived behavioral control, TPB, waste sorting

The purpose of this paper was to find out how Islamic psychology views cutting behavior and how to overcome cutting behavior according to Islamic Psychology. This research was a literature review with a descriptive qualitative approach. The data collection technique was done by searching for sources of books and journal articles with the theme of mental health on Google Scholar and Scopus. The data analysis was carried out by collecting data, breaking them down into units, synthesizing, compiling patterns and drawing conclusions. The results of the study showed that cutting behavior is a form of human reaction that experiences problems, anxiety, or bad experiences from someone so that they feel guilty or disappointed with themselves. Cutting means clawing, cutting, or slashing limbs. Cutting behavior seen from the perspective of Islamic Psychology is an act that is forbidden because the impact can kill lives. The touching heart method with Islamic counseling, Qalbun Healing with a Sufism approach, namely dhikr accompanied by prayer readings can be alternatives in healing from cutting behavior.

Fluid reasoning (Gf) is a central component of human abilities and has been shown to be statistically indistinguishable from general cognitive ability. However, measuring fluid reasoning is not that easy since the operationalization of the construct itself is not conclusive. This situation is exacerbated if the measurements and comparisons are carried out in groups with different cultural and language abilities. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief overview of the fluid reasoning construct as well as measurement practices that have been carried out in Indonesia. My review would mention the positioning of fluid reasoning in several intelligence theories, how researchers conceptualize fluid reasoning, how researchers measure fluid reasoning in a multicultural context, and outline critical future directions for test development. In conclusion, I emphasize the importance of using a multi-processes figural fluid reasoning test as a proxy for a culture fair intelligence test that can be used in cross-cultural assessments.

The Long COVID-19 Syndrome affected the lives of college students on lockdown for almost two years (2020-202), is the focus of this paper. Specifically, this study examined their stress, anxiety, depression levels, and psychosocial factors (socioeconomic status, adverse childhood experiences, and perceived social support) were related to these mental health issues. The impact of the Long COVID-19 on the students’ well- being and their coping mechanisms were explored. Using a cross- sectional survey research design, 600 students from different areas in Mindanao (southern islands of the Philippines) participated in this study. Results showed that the majority of the respondents reported no stress (78%), no anxiety (38%), and no depression (44.80%) during the lockdown. Moreover, a significant positive relationship appeared between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and levels of stress (p

Academic stress is a condition experienced by any university student. However, academic stress can be a significant problem if it disrupts daily activities and incites maladaptive responses. This paper aimed to understand the correlation between tawakal and academic stress in assignment completion among students of UIN Raden Mas Said Surakarta. The study used a quantitative approach with a correlational method. The sampling method in this study was cluster random sampling involving 320 students of UIN Raden Mas Said Surakarta, aged 18 to 22 years old, from both genders. It utilized two measuring instruments namely: a) stress academic scale based on Sarafino and Smith’s theory with a reliability coefficient of 0.926, and b) tawakal scale based on Ibnu Qayyim’s theory with a reliability coefficient of 0.946. The data analysis technique implemented in the present study was Spearman’s correlation technique resulting in r=-0.103 and p=0.033 (p

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh keadilan organisasi terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan pada PT. Aneka Bintang Sejati Labelindo Medan. Hipotesis yang akan diajukan dalam penelitian ini adalah adanya pengaruh antara keadilan organisasi terhadap kepuasan kerja pada karyawan PT. Aneka Bintang Sejati Labelindo Medan. Subjek dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 125 karyawan PT. Aneka Bintang Sejati Labelindo Medan dengan menggunakan teknik yaitu total sampling. Penelitian yang kami lakukan menggunakan metode kuantitatif, data penelitian ini menggunakan skala kepuasan kerja dengan 35 butir aitem dan skala keadilan organisasi dengan 24 butir aitem. Perhitungan dilakukan dengan uji asumsi yaitu uji normalitas dan linearitas. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah korelasi Pearson Product Moment dengan bantuan IBM SPSS Statistics 23 for windows. Hasil data yang dianalisis memperlihatkan koefisien korelasi sebesar 0.930 dengan sig. 0.000 (p 0,05). Hasil sumbangan yang diberikan variabel keadilan organisasi terhadap kepuasan kerja adalah 86,4 persen, selebihnya 13,6 persen dipengaruhi oleh unsur lain yang tidak dipelajari dalam penelitian ini. Menurut hasil pembahasan ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa hipotesis penelitian menunjukkan adanya korelasi jelas yang signifikan antara keadilan organisasi terhadap kepuasan kerja. Kata Kunci: Kepuasan kerja; Keadilan organisasi Abstract This paper is to settle out the effect of organizational justice on employee job satisfaction at PT. Aneka Bintang Sejati Labelindo Medan. The hypothesis of this research is the influence of organizational justice on job satisfaction of employees of PT. Aneka Bintang Sejati Labelindo Medan. Subjects in this study were 125 employees of PT. Aneka Bintang Sejati Labelindo Medan by using a total sampling technique. This study used quantitative methods, research data using a job satisfaction scale with 35 items and an organizational justice scale with 24 items. The calculation was done by using testing assumptions, which is normality and linearity test. The data analysis we used is the Pearson Product Moment correlation with the help of IBM SPSS Statistics 23 for windows. The outcome of the data interpretation laid out a correlation coefficient of 0.930 with sig. 0.000 (p 0.05). The results of the contribution given by the justice variable to job satisfaction is 86.4 percent, the remaining 13.6 percent is affected by other things that were not inspect in this research. The conclusion of the research hypothesis shows that there is a significant positive correlation in the middle of organizational justice and job satisfaction. Keywords: Job satisfaction; Organizational justice

Ethnography has gained more popularity in psychological research in recent years. As one of the qualitative traditions, ethnography is best to describe the behaviour of group and group member deeply rooted in its culture and cultural values. This paper presents a literature review on the role, challenges, and opportunities in adopting ethnography in psychological research. Study examples are presented within which,types of ethnographical design to explore new psychological phenomena are discussed. Continous self-reflection for both researchers and participants and researcher’s flexibility of using data collection methods informed by researcher’s positionality and engagement are suggested to further advance rigour in the study findings.

The nurse-patient relationship in the communication process aims to solve the problems faced by nurses and patients is called therapeutic communication. This article discusses therapeutic communication in a review of nurse-patient transactional analysis counseling. Therapeutic communication is very important in nursing, nurse-patient communication aims to serve patients. Good therapeutic communication will build a trusting nurse-patient relationship. This study aims as a reference material for hospitals in order to implement good nurse-patient communication. This study uses the literature review method, the author only reads existing journals and then develops it into a writing. The result of this study is that therapeutic communication produces a lot of I'am Ok-You Are Ok life positions, but it is possible that a small number of nurses do not use therapeutic techniques properly. The novelty of this paper is related to therapeutic communication in nurse-patient transactional analysis counseling using a good life position when nurses provide informing techniques, open questions, focus, listen attentively, identify themes and suggestions. The limitation of this research is that it only focuses on the life position in transactional analysis counseling.

Educational decision making can be a challenging process for senior high school students. There are research reports investigated Indonesian high school students who perceived that they have taken wrong major decisions. This problem demands special attention from educators and school counselors to figure out the condition that gives rise to the phenomenon. This qualitative case study explored experiences of Indonesian high school students in academic major decision making. The purpose of this paper is to present an in-depth information about high school students’ strategies in educational planning process. Five students from three public high schools in Indonesia participated in this study. Qualitative data were collected from individual interviews and analyzed using thematic approach. The study identified four strategies of major decision making: reflecting on experiences, engaging in information-seeking, considering alternative majors, and compromising aspirations. The findings highlight the need to provide a comprehensive support for systematic educational exploration and decision making.

The availability of instruments for seeking professional help is crucial in identifying potential delays and failures to seek mental health help. The current study aims to adapt an Indonesian version of the Attitudes toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help-Short Form (ATSPPH-SF) scale and evaluate its psychometric properties using a Rasch modeling approach. Adaptation of the Indonesian scale was carried out in collaboration with a panel of experts under the guidelines of the International Translating Commission. The psychometric evaluation involved 951 respondents (M = 243, F = 708) who participated through an online survey. The results of the Rasch modeling showed that the items of the Indonesian ATSPPH-SF had a good fit with the model. The response categories worked well and reliability was sufficient (item=1, respondent=.59, Cronbach's alpha=.67). This paper highlighted that the ATSPPH-SF Indonesia version is suggested to be valid and reliable. We concluded that ATSPPH-SF can be used in mental health professional help-seeking research in Indonesia.

Misconception in psychology is a belief that is broadly contradicting to scientific evidence and is particularly common in the field of psychology. It is important to study misconceptions in psychology considering the contribution of the effort to provide education or to demonstrate rejection of fallacies of popular ideas/themes. Misconceptions in psychology relates to critical thinking as well as the executive function (EF) that controls and regulates cognitive processes. This research aims to determine the role of critical thinking and EF (cognitive flexibility, working memory, and inhibitory control) with misconceptions in psychology. This study used non- experimental methods, using test (paper and pencil) and PEBL/ Psychology Experiment Building Language (computerized). The sampling technique used was convenience sampling. The subjects in this study were 153 psychology students, consisting of 105 students from Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) and 48 students from Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta (UNY). Instruments that were used for data collection were the misconception in psychology test, critical thinking test, Wisconsin/Berg Card Sorting Test (WCST/BCST), Backward Digit Span, and Stroop Test. There is no correlation between cognitive flexibility and misconceptions in psychology, so cognitive flexibility is not included in the calculation of hierarchical regression analysis. Based on the results of hierarchical regression analysis, it can be concluded that the role of inhibitory control on psychological misconceptions is 11.4%, ΔR2 = .114; b* = .33; t(149) = 4.52, p < .001; the role of working memory is 3%, ΔR2 =.030; b* = -.16; t(149) = -2.19, p = .03; and the role of critical thinking is 2.6%, ΔR2 = .026; b* = -.19; t(149) = -2.53, p = .01.