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Background: Swimming velocity results from a combination of stroke rate (SR) and stroke length (SL). Previously, it was rare to find studies that discussed the pattern of SR and SL length in Olympic swimmers, especially in breaststroke swimmers, as a benchmark reference in a study. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the practical pattern of the stroke rate (SR) and stroke length (SL) of 100 m and 200 m breaststroke swimmers ranked first to third at the 2021 Tokyo Olympics. Methods: This study uses quantitative descriptive analysis research with non-test techniques using observation. These non-test techniques involve the systematic observation and recording of the SR and SL length of breaststroke swimmers at the 2021 Tokyo Olympics, as this study aims to determine their patterns. Results: The results of this study show: in the 100 meters breaststroke men's effective SR pattern (45-75 strokes/min) and SL length (1.33-2.14 m/stroke); 200 meters breaststroke men's effective SR pattern (33-49 strokes/min) and SL length (1.55-2.77 m/stroke); 100 meters breaststroke women's effective SR pattern (30-63 strokes/min) and SL length (1-2.14 m/stroke); and 200 meters breaststroke women's effective SR pattern (32-48 strokes/min) and SL length (1.6-2.5 m/stroke). Conclusion: This research concludes that the effective pattern of SR and SL of 100 m and 200 m breaststroke swimmers, as identified in the results, can serve as a benchmark for understanding and improving the performance of competitive breaststroke swimmers.

This study investigates the learning outcomes of Navy Cadets at Puslatdiksarmil in basic swimming, specifically breaststroke. A quantitative experimental design was used, involving 100 students divided into two groups: an experimental group receiving audiovisual and demonstration (AV-D) instruction and a control group with only demonstration (D). The performance test, based on the correctness of breaststroke technique, measured students' skills before and after treatment. A motivation questionnaire was also used to assess the impact of motivation on swimming ability. Results showed that the experimental group achieved a higher average score (73.16) compared to the control group (66.39). This indicates that AV-D significantly improves learning outcomes. Therefore, incorporating AV-D is recommended to enhance cadets' swimming abilities at Puslatdiksarmil.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of push-up training on improving the speed of breaststroke swimming in athletes who are members of the Palembang Tirta Sriwijaya Aquatic Club (TSAC). This study was conducted as an experiment using a one-group pretest and posttest research design. The research subjects included athletes who are part of the Palembang Tirta Sriwijaya Aquatic Club (TSAC). The research sample involved all members of age group III with an age range of 12-13 years consisting of 30 individual athletes. The tool used to measure variables is the breaststroke swimming test using a distance of 50 meters. The data analysis was conducted utilizing the T-test. Based on the analysis results, the t-value exceeded 4.762, while the t-table value was 2.045. These results indicate a significant difference between the pretest push-up and posttest push-up groups in relation to the improvement in 50-meter breaststroke swimming speed. The conclusion of this study revealed that push-up exercises had a positive impact on increasing breaststroke swimming speed as far as 50 meters.

This exercise aims to discover the Impact of Physical Education, Learning Sports, and Health on Body Mass Index and Physical Fitness Before and During the Covid 19 Pandemic at SMP Negeri 1 Losari Cirebon. Comparative research design with a research sample of 120 students. The sample in the study was taken by total sampling. The test instrument for measuring body mass index is measuring body weight with a kilogram scale and height with a meter in cm. Meanwhile, physical fitness is measured by the bleep test. The results of the study showed (1) There was an impact of learning sports and health physical education on body mass index before the covid 19 pandemic at SMP Negeri 1 Losari Cirebon (2) There was an impact of learning physical education sports and health on physical fitness before the covid 19 pandemic at SMP Negeri 1 Losari Cirebon.

The Studi Purpose. Background research this study is to help students learn to swim easily and fun so that they can do breaststroke swimming. Material and Methods. Effectivenes model fun games with 51 students as research subjects from the Faculty of Sports Science, SUP. The data collection instrument used expert validation questionnaires, documentation, and breaststroke swimming tests. The data analysis technique used independent sample t test analysis and aiken rater score. Results. Data filling out a questionnaire by swimming experts on the aquatic learning model based on fun games swimming breaststroke is 0.778 which is in the valid criteria. In the t-test obtained th 232,087 > tα 2,009. Conclusions. that there is a significant difference between the experimental class and the control class where using an aquatic learning model based on breaststroke swimming fun games has a greater influence on students' breaststroke swimming ability compared to those who do not use.