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Background: Child marriage is a marriage that takes place at an age under 19 years that can threaten life and health. Indonesia's child marriage rate is ranked 7th globally and is ranked 2nd in ASEAN. Child marriage brings more harm than good, it tarnishes children rights in so many aspects including the health rights. It can affects children’s growth and development, especially females under the age of 19 can experience such serious injuries considering the reproductive organ is still immature for them to have sex, let alone pregnant and give birth. Apparently, the child marriage can be influenced by many factors, such as culture, socio-economic and environment. Altough the marriage age has been regulated in laws, the number of child marriage is still arrising.Objectives: This study aims to determine the factors that affecting child marriage in Tanjung Terdana Village, Pondok Kubang District, Central Bengkulu Regency.Methods: The research method is analytic observational with a cross-sectional design. The population is a reproductive age women that married in KUA Pondok Kubang distric in 2020-2022. Samples were taken by a total sampling technique of 31 reproductive age women, and data was collected using a questionnaire. Data analysis used a chi square, fisher’s exact and logistic regression.Results: The results indicate that culture, environment and sosio-economic influence the child marriage with a value (p-value) Conclusions: The health workers can work and collaborate cross-sectorally with the local community leaders in order to develop counseling and education programs about reproductive health in the community, especially among adolescents.

This research is backdroped by the role of Kiais (religious figures) whose opinions regarding the permissibility of child marriage are widely followed by their local community. It aims to investigate the relevance of child marriage law in the Regency of Brebes from the perspective of maqāṣid al-usrah. This research was conducted in Banjarharjo, Pararaja, Banjaran, and Brebes districts of the Regency of Brebes by employing legal anthropology and Ushul al-Fiqh approaches. The theories used in this research are internalization theory and maqāṣid al-usrah. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and document analysis. The practice of child marriage in Brebes society is, in principle, irrelevant to the concept of maqāṣid al-usrah, which was theoretically explained by Jamal al-Din 'Aṭiyyah. This research found that religious understanding that is internalized in the community traditions resulted in a fiqh product entitled Kitāb al-Nikah authored by an Indonesian ulama and the authority of Lebe' which has had a significant influence on the practice of child marriage in Brebes Regency. The practice of child marriage should not only be based on authoritative texts but also requires consideration of 'āqil bāligh as well as consideration of suitability, namely rushd (capability) as well as considering maqāṣid al-usrah, regulating the relationship between men and women (tanẓīm al-'alaqah bayn al-jinsayn), realization of peace, love, and compassion (taḥqīq al-sakn wa al-mawaddah wa al-raḥmah), maintaining religion in the family (hifz al-tadayyun fi al-usrah), regulating the essential aspects of the family (tanẓīm al-jānib al-mu'assasī li al-usrah), and Family Financial Regulation (tanẓīm al-jānib al-māl li al-usrah).

Introduction: Child marriage is a phenomenon that continues and develops, the low knowledge and understanding of the community towards the perception of marriage. Child marriage should not be allowed anywhere in the world as it is a practice that violates general human rights and discriminates against women. Purposes of the Research: In this research, the author will compare the prevention of child marriage in Indonesia, Malaysia, and India. Methods of Research: This research uses a normative juridical approach method. Researchers will study and examine the factors that cause child marriage and its legal protection to prevent child protection in Indonesia, Malaysia, and India. This research uses descriptive analytical research specifications by determining the laws and regulations relating to legal theories that are the object of research. Results of the Research: Indonesia increased the minimum marriage age for both sexes from 18 to 19 with the enactment of Law No. 16 of 2019. Malaysia, meanwhile, sets a maximum marriage age of eighteen. Initiatives to reduce the legal age of marriage, especially for women, have been made in both nations for socio-political and socio-cultural reasons. Alongside these initiatives, India has also ratified several conventions designed to end child marriage. These include the 1976 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the 1976 International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), as well as the 1956 Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery.

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Copyright of Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan dan Ilmu Sosial (JMPIS) is the property of Dinasti Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Jurnal Kependidikan is the property of UIN Saizu Purwokerto and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan dan Ilmu Sosial (JMPIS) is the property of Dinasti Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan dan Ilmu Sosial (JMPIS) is the property of Dinasti Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Child marriage is a serious problem in many countries. Even combating the harmful practice of child marriage is a target of the Indonesian government as stated in SDG's 20230 and RPJMN 2020-2024. One of the provinces with a very high rate of child marriage is Southeast Sulawesi Province. For 5 consecutive years (2017-2021) it has always been above the national figure. Even in 2018 it was in 3rd position in Indonesia. This study aims to describe the relationship between the education level of the head of the household and the decision to marry underage girls. The data used is SUSENAS in March 2022. From the descriptive analysis, it was found that female KRTs are more likely to marry underage girls than male KRTs, as well as KRTs living in rural areas are more likely to marry underage girls than KRTs living in urban areas. In terms of economy, poor KRT is more likely to marry underage girls than non-poor KRT. KRTs with high school education and below are more likely to marry off girls than KRTs with higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spatial analysis approach is capable of identifying spatial clustering of Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) across districts/cities in Indonesia. This information is essential for policymakers when developing appropriate health interventions at districts/cities level. At delivery, maternal age is one of the strongest predictors of infant mortality, which is closely related to child marriage. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between child marriage and IMR in Indonesia, which was controlled by the influence of maternal, household, and health factors. The results showed that there were spatial dependency on IMR in Indonesia. Analysis Regression Spatial Durbin Model showed that child marriage had a positive and significant relationship with IMR. Furthermore, it was discovered that IMR was influenced by several explanatory variables in districts and neighboring cities. To reduce mortality rate, there was a need to increase health services by developing neighboring areas and building access to areas with good health facilities. Educational initiatives are also important, emphasizing the importance of delaying the age of marriage and enforcing the minimum age limits. This approach empowered every child to marriage carefully and had good reproductive health knowledge that could decrease IMR in Indonesia.

Child marriage is a significant human rights issue as it deprives children around the world of their childhood, education, and safety. Its unfortunately a practice that still has prevalence in Indonesian society. This research is done for the purpose of analyzing the threat of child marriage and the urgency for a dedicated effort to tackle this issue normatively. Through the normative legal research method and supported by comparative analysis, this research analyzes how the Indonesian legal framework fare up to international human rights standards and best practices around the world, in tackling the practice of child marriage. Findings of this research suggest that child marriage can still be considered a neglected human rights abuse, due the minimum number of legal developments throughout the years. The findings expose the legal loophole and the lack of criminalization which can contribute to the prevalence of this dangerous phenomenon. This research serves the purpose of the betterment of human rights protection in Indonesia, specifically on vulnerable underage girls, by providing insights and recommendations that the government may consider for future legal development.

The “Jo Kawin Bocah” (Javanese term for “No Child Marriage”) movement implemented by the Central Java Government over the past two years has significantly reduced the number of child marriages in Central Java province. This research aims to analyze the concept of “Jo Kawin Bocah” as a government-sponsored movement, identify the critical success factors, and explore the concept in terms maqāṣid al-sharī'ah (Sharia objectives). This field research uses a qualitative approach and deductive thinking, with data collected from interviews and documentation. The findings show that the social movement is feasible because stakeholders are aware of the negative impacts of early marriage. Another critical success factor is the involvement of community members and district/city leaders and collaboration between civil society organizations, the government, educational institutions, and other cross-sector organizations. Viewed from the maqāṣid al-sharī'ah side, the social movement “Jo Kawin Bocah” can realize the protection of the soul (ḥifẓ al-nafs), protection of the mind (ḥifẓ al-‘aql), protection of assets (ḥifẓ al-māl), and protection of offspring (ḥifẓ al-nasl). This research implies that increasing awareness about the negative consequences of early marriage is the key to the success of social movements.

Early marriage or child marriage in Indonesia is still quite a lot. In West Bandung Regency itself, this incident continues to increase. This community service aims to increase adolescent knowledge about reproductive health to reduce the number of early marriages. Twenty MTs students participated in this community service program. This program provided education, training in presentation techniques and practice with tutors, teaching materials, and creating WhatsApp online groups. Knowledge improvement was carried out using pre- and post-program questionnaires, then statistically analyzed. The pre-test and post-test results showed that the average pre-test scores of students in grades 7, 8, and 9 were 14.2, 13.2, and 11.1, while the post-test scores were 15.8, 14.5, and 14.8. This result indicates a change in the value of the pre-test and post-test by 11.5%, 10.9%, and 24. 2%. In the post-test results, it was found that there was a decrease in the number of students who entered the less category compared to the pre-test. The pre-test and post-test scores in grades 7 and 8 showed no significant difference. In contrast, in grade 9, there was a significant difference with a p-value of 0.002 (p<0.05). The test results show no significant difference in the knowledge scores between the three classes. Service partners, in this case, MTs students, are expected to be able to become peer educators who can provide education about reproductive health for their peers so that later it is hoped that the number of early marriages in West Bandung Regency can decrease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in state legal norms regarding the age limit for marriage have been implemented to reduce the number of child marriages in Indonesia. However, child marriage is still practised, especially in rural areas of Central Java. This paper discusses three main problems, namely the prevalence of child marriage in rural areas, the dominance of tradition and dogmatic understanding of religion, the impact of poverty and social media technology as factors influencing child marriage in rural communities, and the transformation of social engineering through education and economic improvement to overcome the problem. child marriage in rural areas. This legal sociology research uses a qualitative approach. Data analysis techniques use interactive models. The study shows that the prevalence of child marriage increased by 300% after changes in norms regarding the age limit for marriage, especially in rural communities. This happens because child marriage in rural communities is a tradition passed down through generations. Traditions and religious norms understood by rural communities as allowing child marriage have become an unwritten legal system implemented by the community. Changes in state legal norms regarding marriage age limits have the potential to disrupt established social institutions, so that sociologically they are not binding as norms for rural communities, giving rise to an apathetic public response. Therefore, efforts to improve the education and economic systems with a holistic approach are very effective in overcoming the problem of child marriage in rural communities.

The purpose of this study seeks to analyze the factors causing the increase in child marriages registered as students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Not only learning loss as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, but also the increase in child marriage. The research was conducted with a descriptive qualitative approach. Data was collected through literature study, document analysis, distributing questionnaires, observation, and interviews. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of child marriages increased by 300 %. From January to June 2020 there were around 34,000 applications for marriage dispensation and around 97% of applications were granted or allowed to marry. This is a drastic increase compared to the total applications in 2019 of 23,700 applications. This makes Indonesia Rank 7 in the World for Child Marriage Cases. The results show that the increase in child marriage in Indonesia is caused by: 1) Changes in learning patterns; 2) The deteriorating economic condition of the family due to COVID-19, these two things are significant factors; 3) belief in religion, family, and customs; 4) the influence of friends who married early into two small factors. The hope is that the government will not let married children stop getting an education. Rather it provides training or courses both to support the economy and parenting.

Dispensation of marriage is the granting of permission to marry by the court to a prospective husband/wife who is not yet 19 years old to enter into marriage. The authority of the court to grant marriage dispensation is regulated in Article 7 paragraph 2 of Law Number 16 of 2019 concerning Amendments to Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage. This study looks from a criminological point of view which is intended to be able to explore and analyze the rationality and effectiveness of social control that occurs as a result of early marriage. In addition, this study is expected to contribute to relevant stakeholders in terms of handling policies in preventing early marriage. The research method used in this study is a qualitative method with relevant resource persons in Ponorogo, as well as based on data obtained from the Religious Courts in Ponorogo. The results show that the promiscuity symptom affects the spike in early marriage cases in the Ponorogo area due to the role of digital technological advances that are not accompanied by supervision and regulations that need to be improved in several aspects of prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Media Iuris is the property of Universitas Airlangga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Child marriage is a marriage that is conducted formally or informally by spouses or with one of the spouses aged 18. Child marriage is a phenomenon that involves socio-cultural elements thus many factors influence it. Girls are 3 times more likely to experience child marriage than boys. Various conditions that occur in child marriage have generated interest in seeing a broader view of how married girls view their married life. Objective: This review was conducted to explore research findings related to the experiences of girls who were married under 18 years of age so that it could be used as an illustration to see the condition of girls in child marriage life. Methods: This review used three databases PubMed, ProQuest, and EbscoHost. The search for articles used main keywords, namely "child marriage", "women experience", and "marriage life" combined with helper keywords. The articles were full-text, in English, not limited by year and country, and discussed child marriage from a woman's perspective. Results: This review was done on 10 articles that were screened and analyzed out of 2259 articles. All articles used a qualitative method and were originated from Malaysia (2 articles), Pakistan (2 articles), Iran (2 articles), United States, Morocco, Jordan, and Israel. The total participants were 187 people from all articles. The causes of marriage in girls were poverty, prevention of premarital sex, adolescent pregnancy solutions, and personal desires of the girls. The state of marriage was seen from self-actualization and pressures on the role of girls in married life. Conclusion: This review summarized the reasons for marriage before the age of 18 were due to poverty factors, the avoidance of premarital sex, teenage pregnancy solutions and the willingness of girls themselves to marry. This review also summarized the situation of girls in child marriages who were unable to be self-reliant and were under pressure to perform their position in the household. Child marriage also caused new issues in the lives of girls, hence it was necessary to consider getting married at the age of under 18 years.

This study aims to understand and explain efforts to prevent child marriage in Surakarta city in the study of population sociology. The areas sampled were five “Kampong KB” (Family Planning Villages) spread over five subdistricts in the city of Surakarta. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 16 informants and structured interviews with 48 informants, consisting of Family Planning Instructors (PKB), Regional Family Planning Assistants (PPKBD), parents, teenagers and government officials. Data analysis was carried out in three stages, namely data reduction or the selection process, simplification, abstraction and transformation of raw data, then data presentation. Conclusions and verification are carried out continuously during the study. The results showed that in the effort to prevent the practice of child marriage in Surakarta city, there were several strategies implemented by various parties, namely Family Planning Instructors (PKB), Regional Family Planning Assistants (PPKBD) and government officials, so as to form a patterns of social interaction and evolutionary processes, also known as symbolic interactionism. The strategies that are carried out include taking a cultural approach, synergy of Activity Groups, enthusiasm for achievement, building interventions, commitment and consistency in running programs, maximizing the use of social media and orderly administration. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami dan menjelaskan upaya pencegahan pernikahan usia anak di Kota Surakarta dalam kajian ilmu sosiologi kependudukan. Wilayah yang dijadikan sampel adalah lima Kampung KB (Kampung Keluarga Berencana) yang tersebar di lima Kecamatan di Kota Surakarta. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan 16 informan dan wawancara terstruktur dengan 48 informan, yang terdiri dari Penyuluh Keluarga Berencana (PKB), Pembantu Pembina Keluarga Berencana Daerah (PPKBD), orangtua, remaja dan aparatur pemerintah. Analisis data dilakukan melalui tiga tahapan, yakni reduksi data atau proses pemilihan, penyederhanaan, abstraksi dan transformasi data mentah, kemudian penyajian data. Penarikan kesimpulan serta verifikasi data dilakukan terus menerus selama penelitian berlangsung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam upaya pencegahan pernikahan usia anak di Kota Surakarta terdapat beberapa strategi yang dilakukan oleh berbagai pihak, yakni Penyuluh Keluarga Berencana (PKB), Pembantu Pembina Keluarga Berencana Daerah (PPKBD) dan aparatur pemerintah, sehingga terbentuk suatu pola interaksi sosial dan proses evolusioner atau yang dikenal dengan interaksionisme simbolik. Adapun strategi yang dilakukan diantaranya, melakukan pendekatan budaya, sinergisitas Kelompok Kegiatan (PokTan), semangat berprestasi, membangun intervensi, komitmen dan konsistensi menjalankan program, memaksimalkan penggunaan media sosial dan tertib administrasi.

South Kalimantan Province is the province with the highest number of child marriage cases, according to data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) in 2017 and 2019. This has resulted in various negative impacts, one of which is the high maternal mortality rate, as well as the low human development index (HDI) in the province, which is placed at the 22nd position from 34 provinces in Indonesia. This paper aims to examine various strategic actors who can prevent and reduce the practice of child marriage in South Kalimantan Province in three levels of analysis: the macro, mezzo, and micro levels. This paper seeks the relationship between the three aspects of structure, culture, and social processes at the three macro, mezzo, and micro levels, as the concept of analysis used to prevent child marriage practices from a child protection perspective and SRHR issues. This study uses a qualitative approach through in-depth interview methods to key policy makers and is supported by focus group discussions (FGD) to participants in discussions from various backgrounds, both government agencies, and non-governmental organizations concerned with the issue of child and women's protection in South Kalimantan Province.

Every child must be protected and guarded because in addition to the nation's next-generation, also because children have rights in transition. Unfortunately, children cannot enjoy their rights, such as getting an education, playing rights, rights to be creative and to be creative. Law Number 4 of 1979 concerning Child Welfare, Law Number 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights, Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection which was later amended by Law of Law Number 35 of 2014. Implementation of the legality of child protection does not work effectively needs socialization, so that child marriages do not occur and children can enjoy their rights as a child.

Child marriage is a global phenomenon that often neglects the protection of children's rights, but a few parents use the jurisprudence doctrine as a shield against their actions. The fiqh doctrine that gives absolute power (ijbar) to fathers and grandfathers over their children's marriages is often abused to marry off children even without their consent. The voice of a child is considered insignificant and his rejection of the actions of his parents is often seen as a form of iniquity. It is different from the two decisions of the Religious Courts, which the authors found, in which the decisions were more concerned with the child's opinion on the marriage that was planned for him by giving the child the rights of isti'dzan and isti'mar. Regarding this case, the authors conducted an analysis with the perspective of child protection and maqashid sharia. The results of the analysis show that in the perspective of child protection and maqashid sharia, children should be rewarded for their opinions. But this award is not enforced absolutely because the opinions of parents cannot be ignored, especially in cases where there is a very urgent reason. So that it is necessary to harmonize the protection of children's rights with the fiqh doctrine of guardian authority by considering the best interests of the child.

In this article, the author tries to ask the question of the role of female scholars in responding to child marriage in Indonesia? The author tries to answer this question with the literature study method on various books and describes them in the sub-discussion of female scholars; a description of the situation of child marriage in the world and Indonesia; child marriage, law, and legal practice; and the role of female scholars in responding to child marriage. Through this step, the authors hope this article can contribute perspectives and alternatives to women scholars in responding to child marriage in Indonesia.