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Competition for Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) products is currently getting tougher, in terms of quality, timely delivery, and competitive prices. SME customers of bread and donut products sometimes complain about the visual quality of bread and donut products that are stale, burnt, and dirty. The purpose of this research is to reduce product defects during the production process and improve the quality of the bread and donut products. This research method uses a Kaizen approach combined with the Design of Experiment (DoE) one-shoot case study method and uses organoleptic tests to assess the quality of bread and donut products. This study found that there were 3 product defect problems, namely bread and donut defects that did not rise, burnt donut defects, bread defects, and dirty donuts. This research resulted in a decrease in defects of 65% from 3.84% to 1.07%. While the best DoE test results used dough type C with 10 grams fermipan/yeast composition and 15 grams bread improver, stove 165-1750C, equipment cleaning frequency 1 time for each dough, and organoleptic test with 10% beetroot extract addition resulted in a color aspect score of 70 %, 65% aroma aspect, 68.5% texture aspect, and 70% taste aspect which is liked by many people.

The evaluation of supplier selection is an important aspect that needs to be considered in supply chain management. The best suppliers contribute to a more efficient supply chain system. Companies operating in the food distribution sector are particularly attentive to their suppliers. One of the products that receives significant attention is spinach, a perishable item, making supplier evaluation crucial. This research aims to evaluate the supplier selection of spinach products based on several criteria, such as delivery, quality, price, service, and location. Weighting is done using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). In this case, assessment or weighting is carried out by distributing questionnaires to three respondents in the field. The Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method is employed to determine the rankings of each alternative. The results of this study indicate that the price criterion has the highest weight with a weight of 0.39. The recommended selected alternative is alternative 4, with the highest average value (Vi) based on the assessments of three experts. This model proves capable of addressing the issues of supplier selection evaluation, leading to the selection of alternative or supplier 4 as the spinach supplier for the food distribution company.

In the highly competitive retail industry, companies must continually innovate and develop unique business strategies to enhance their sales performance. The ABC Store, a mini market in Yogyakarta, has experienced fluctuating sales over the past year, failing to meet its targets. This study aims to analyze consumer purchasing behavior at the ABC Store and provide strategic recommendations to boost sales. The data analyzed in this study comprises three months of transaction records. The methods used include Association Rule - Market Basket Analysis (AR-MBA) with the FP-Growth algorithm and Clustering Analysis with K-Means. The clustering analysis identified four distinct customer segments: Mid-Morning Moderates, Diverse Afternoon Buyers, Evening Moderates, and High-Value Customers. Cluster 2, comprising Diverse Afternoon Buyers, was selected for AR analysis due to its relatively high transaction value and the variety of products purchased, indicating its potential to evolve into a High-Value Customers cluster. The analysis yielded 104 rules. The findings can inform marketing strategies to increase sales, including product bundling and customer loyalty programs such as a point system.In the highly competitive retail industry, companies must continually innovate and develop unique business strategies to enhance their sales performance. The ABC Store, a mini market in Yogyakarta, has experienced fluctuating sales over the past year, failing to meet its targets. This study aims to analyze consumer purchasing behavior at the ABC Store and provide strategic recommendations to boost sales. The data analyzed in this study comprises three months of transaction records. The methods used include Association Rule - Market Basket Analysis (AR-MBA) with the FP-Growth algorithm and Clustering Analysis with K-Means. The clustering analysis identified four distinct customer segments: Mid-Morning Moderates, Diverse Afternoon Buyers, Evening Moderates, and High-Value Customers. Cluster 2, comprising Diverse Afternoon Buyers, was selected for AR analysis due to its relatively high transaction value and the variety of products purchased, indicating its potential to evolve into a High-Value Customers cluster. The analysis yielded 104 rules. The findings can inform marketing strategies to increase sales, including product bundling and customer loyalty programs such as a point system.

Tegal Subur Aktif Farmer Group is one of the organic tea producers located in Menoreh Hills, precisely in Nglinggo, Pagerharjo, Samigaluh, Kulon Progo. The efforts carried out by this farmer group include the procurement of tea ingredients, the provision of production facilities, the cultivation and maintenance of tea plants, the processing of agricultural products and trade in general. Processed organic tea products, such as green, black, yellow, and roasted, are produced. Farmer groups have uncertain orders that can only be fulfilled partially, which can still affect customer satisfaction. In total, there are 95.39% of uncertain orders that can be fulfilled in the period August 2021 – March 2022. This is related to production planning with actual production caused by uncertain or regular supply of raw materials. If the collection of raw material supply is still carried out, it causes cost losses in collecting raw materials. The Tegal Subur Aktif Farmer Group has never measured its supply chain performance. If measurement is not carried out, supply chain performance may develop slowly. This study aims to measure the organic tea supply chain's performance and determine which indicators need improvement. This research uses the Supply Chain Operation References (SCOR) and Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP) methods. Based on the data processing carried out, by measuring supply chain performance with Supply Chain Operation References (SCOR) and Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP), the supply chain performance of the Active Tegal Subur Farmer Group can be improved.

This study aims to determine and analyze body parts that experience musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and muscles that experience fatigue in guitar-making workers. The method used is the Nordic Body Map (NBM) to determine MSDs complaints, including complaints of pain in 28 parts of the worker's body, and the Muscle Fatigue Analysis (MFA) method to determine muscle fatigue that occurs in each part of the body by determining the level of effort, duration of work, and frequency of work movements. The results of research using NBM were 2 workers with high risk, 3 workers with medium risk, and 7 workers with low risk. The results of the MFA method were that 3 workers experienced muscle fatigue in the very high category with priority in the neck, back, shoulders, right arm, wrist and feet. Efforts to minimize the risk of MSDs by redesigning work facilities using SolidWorks software and reducing the risk of muscle fatigue by improving work facilities, improving the layout of the production floor, and encouraging workers to stretch their muscles and exercise regularly.

The Central Business District (CBD) office building is making efforts to reduce building electricity costs, and one alternative is solar power plant installation. PT. Rancang Prima Sejahtera, engaged in the solar energy industry, conducts consulting services with Central Business District office buildings, so PT. Rancang Prima Sejahtera made an indicative proposal with several solar power plant installation scenarios to be installed on the roof of the Central Business District office building. Four scenarios are created from the combination of 2 PV modules and two inverters. Each scenario created will be assessed for the level of opt, and the investment value will be calculated. In combining components using the principles of the Vereun Deutsche Ingineuer (VDI) 2222 method and assessed each scenario using six aspects of assessment. Meanwhile, the investment analysis assessment uses the parameters of Cost of Energy (CoE), Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Benefit-Cost Ratio (B-CR), and discounted payback period. The results of the analysis conducted found that the third scenario was the best scenario with a percentage of the design value of 82.5%, CoE value of Rp398.31/kWh, NPV value of Rp2,451,719,005, IRR percentage of 23.75%, B-CR value of 7.8, and DPP value for 6.8 years with a project life of 30 years. The findings of the investment research indicate that the implementation of solar power plant installations in office buildings located in Central Business Districts yields long-term cost reductions in electricity expenses over a 30-year period, as opposed to relying solely on the services provided by the State Electricity Enterprise.

Fulfillment of orders for a product in the lathe industry often misses the processing deadline because the production process time is not well measured. One of the products produced by a lathe is crimping, this product often takes a long production process until 23.80 working hours. The purpose of this research is to identify the problems that cause the standard time for the crimping process to be high and provide the best solution for companies to reduce the standard time for the crimping production process. This research method uses the Design Thinking Process (DTP) which is divided into 5 stages, including Empathize, Define, Ideate, Prototype, and Test also called the EDIPT stage. The application of the EDIPT method also uses several methods or improvement tools. The improvements that have been made by the company are from the causes of methods, humans, and the environment. This research has resulted in a decrease in the standard time for the crimping process which originally obtained a processing time in 1 product of 1,428 minutes, while the standard time for the implementation of improvements was 1,375 minutes, so this research has succeeded in reducing the standard time in the crimping production process or reducing CSF by 3.71%.

PT. Sewangi Sejati Luhur, a palm oil plantation company, manages 7,000 hectares divided into 12 divisions across 3 estates. The company primarily focuses on cultivating and processing Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB), with the harvesting unit employing the most workers. This research aims to investigate the implementation of the Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) program within the harvesting unit at PT Sewangi Sejati Luhur, designed to prevent work accidents and occupational diseases. Conducted in Tapung Hulu Subdistrict, Kampar Regency, Riau Province, the study employs a quantitative descriptive method using the HIRARC method to assess OHS application and employee working conditions. A saturated sample of 30 harvesting employees was surveyed through interviews and documentation of the OHS program. The findings reveal that the OHS program includes periodic health exams, OHS awareness campaigns, monthly activities, and training sessions. The program's implementation has led to low accident rates and satisfactory achievement of goals. Correlation analysis shows a significant link between OHS program implementation and improved employee working conditions. Additionally, 82% of respondents reported that the OHS program significantly influenced their working conditions, while 18% cited other factors. Overall, the OHS program in PT Sewangi Sejati Luhur's harvesting unit has been effective, ensuring a low accident rate and meeting monthly targets.

Performance evaluation is essential for an industry's ability to operate successfully. Efficiency management is becoming crucial and important to enhancing the sustainability of the industry. The industry needs to measure its performance for the following reasons: (i) develop the economy and its operation efficiency in a sustainable way; (ii) supply data for decision-making units (DMUs); and (iii) optimize output using the fewest resources. Performance measurement indicators relate to the performance of the industry itself, such as: added value/cost of production factors, indirect taxes, number of workers, input costs, number of companies, added value/market prices, and production index. The purpose of this research is to measure the performance of large and medium-sized industries (LMIs) in Indonesia. LMIs have a strategic role as the main engine and driver of the economy. Measuring LMI performance is very necessary so that LMI can grow and develop sustainably. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a method for measuring performance. DEA is a non-parametric linear programming technique and used to determine comparisons between DMUs with different inputs and outputs. The research results indicate that there are three DMU classification categories, namely: Category 1 (ES = 1), Category 2 (ES = 0.9986-0.9998), and Category 3 (ES = 0.9971-0.9974). The percentages for each category are 50%, 37.5%, and 12.5%.

The construction sector is a sector that employs many people who have high risk of work accidents, because a lot of work in this sector is possibility carried out by unsafe actions or unsafe conditions. PT. Arto Moro Sentosa is company which operates in general trading, general construction, suppliers, outsourcing, etc., is aware that the business has a high risk of work accidents. The lack of employee awareness will have an impact on the magnitude of the risks that must be borne by the worker and the company. The purpose of this research is determining work accident records for the Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) system, employee risks, and existing improvements at company. By knowing the classification of hazards based on the type of accident, this research uses the Job Safety Analysis (JSA) method, histograms, Pareto diagrams, and cause-and-effect (fish bone) diagrams. Based on the author's observations, company data related to OHS (Occupational Health and Safety) and interviews with the directors, could be obtained a history of work accidents based on the type of accident. Here are ergonomic work accidents (57.89%), physical factor accidents ( 31.58%), chemical factor accidents (5.26%), biological factor accidents (5.26%), and psychological factor accidents (0%). Several recommendation is performed to avoid repeated accident by providing training programs on OHS to workers, paying more attention to OHS supervision, giving sanctions to workers who violate OHS.

PT ASA is a leather tanning company. Almost 65% of the company's assets are allocated for the procurement of raw leather, which consists of goat and sheepskin. In addition to being expensive, the availability of raw leather is also very limited. The company faces a trade-off where, on one hand, the raw material is easily decayed, but on the other hand, its availability is extremely limited, and if there is not enough inventory, the production process will be disrupted. In this research, a multi-objective optimization model is developed for controlling the inventory of raw leather using the Fuzzy Goal Programming approach. The objectives to be achieved are to minimize the total inventory cost, maximize the total quantity of raw leather that meets standards, and minimize the total cost of losses due to decayed raw leather. Based on the calculations, the fuzzy goal programming membership function value is obtained at 0.9155, with a total inventory cost over the planning horizon of IDR 10,341,630,000, a total of 1,279,542 sq ft of raw leather meeting standards, and a total loss cost due to decayed raw leather of IDR 142,911,691.

This study explores the unique mandatory residence, Ma'had Sunan Ampel Al Alyi (MSAA), at the State Islamic University (UIN) Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, aiming to develop Quranic reading competence in new students. The varying educational backgrounds of admitted students lead to differences in their Quranic reading capabilities, highlighting the need for adaptive learning. In response to this diversity, adaptive learning using artificial intelligence is employed, implemented through the serious education game "The Ma'had." Survey results from expert individuals using a Game Design Factor Questionnaire reveal the game's substantial potential. The results show high agreement (100%) on clear goals, engaging gameplay, and a sense of freedom, with 67% strongly agreeing on improved understanding. Challenges are motivating, and the game successfully sparks curiosity. "The Ma’had" Game proves effective, but further research is recommended to explore variations in player engagement and compare results with expert test subjects, employing alternative quantitative testing methods for a comprehensive analysis.

The development of a suggested model for rating suppliers is the goal of this research. In this study, suppliers are rated and ranked using Additive Ratio Assessment (ARAS) and Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA). The suggested approach incorporates both objective and subjective criteria while applying Delphi to a subset of the criteria. In order to test the proposed model in a leather company for actual use, a case study is provided. The model is able to capture all objective and arbitrary criteria in the dynamics of the group of decision-makers when rating suppliers. To help in decision-making, this proposed model includes criteria selection. Because the results of the ranking of suppliers will depend on how accurately the criteria are chosen. The suggested approach produces a workable resolution because it is not sensitive to changes in the parameters

The increasing demand for wedang uwuh during the pandemic requires Weeka Wedang Uwuh as a producer to be quick and responsive in meeting demand. Competition for sales of wedang uwuh is currently quite tight because there are more and more wedang uwuh producers. One way to anticipate current business competition, especially in the herbal beverage industry, is to try to manage the resources owned by SMEs, including labor. The right number of workers will guarantee product availability and also provide minimum costs for labor costs. This research aims to provide suggestions for determining the optimal number of workers in order to minimize labor costs. ToC is a problem solving approach that focuses on eliminating constraints using available methodologies. Therefore, this approach is very suitable for eliminating obstacles at Weeka Wedang Uwuh in order to determine the optimal number of workers. To support the TOC approach, the Dynamic Program method will be applied to the obstacle removal step. The optimal number of workers in UKM Weeka Wedang Uwuh will be obtained by reducing 5 (five) workers in the Wedang Uwuh packing section. The savings that occurred during the research time period were Rp. 21,500,302.00 compared to expenses if it had the current number of workers.

Quality control is intended to ensure that the products are in accordance with the predefined standards. PT. XYZ is a garment company that manufactures products with global target market. Hence, product quality assurance becomes an important issue for PT. XYZ. This research focuses on the Just Brand-MCJA216142 jacket product at the sewing work station on line-4 of PT. XYZ. Preliminary observations show that the number of reworked-products was experiencing an increasing trend. This study aims to determine whether the company has carried out quality control properly. Specifically, the research objectives are to identify the type and level of product defects, identify the factors causing product defects, and provide proper improvement suggestions to reduce the occurrence of product defects. This study applied DMAIC (Define–Measure–Analyze–Improve–Control) Six Sigma concept. The results showed that the quality of the Just Brand-MCJA216142 jacket product has exceeded the Indonesian industry average and is classified as the USA industry average. However, quality improvement is still needed since the products are targeted for the export market. Based on Pareto diagram at the Analyze stage, it was found that the most dominant defects occurred in the Just Brand-MCJA216142 jacket production process were broken threads and puckering. The frequency of occurrence for these two types of defect reaches 23% of the total 16 types of defects. The defects were caused by human, machine, material, method, and environmental factors. Recommendations for improvement at the Improve stage are based on root cause analysis of each causative factor that is identified using a fishbone diagram. This research results strengthen the previous related researches regarding the effectivity of DMAIC Six Sigma for analyzing quality control of products.

National Waste Management Information System shows that the amount of waste handled in Semarang City over the last three years has decreased with an average decline index of 1.06% per year. This is reinforced by the results of interviews with the Semarang City Environmental Service, that the handling of organic waste is still very limited because so far the handling has been more focused on an-organic waste. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate supply chain performance to determine the constraints in organic waste management from upstream to downstream. Based on the research results using the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) method through a focus group discussion process involving eight experts in the field of waste management, it is known that the supply chain performance for handling organic waste in Semarang City has 11 elements of constraints, which are divided into seven priority levels. The element with the highest priority is related to the availability of organic waste supplies, while the element with the lowest priority is technological innovation and the application of appropriate technology. Improving the performance of organic waste management supply chains should focus on elements according to priority.

The high market attractiveness index and competitive position made Dewi Media Lestari invest in building a new factory. The factory specifically is used to produce convection products and apparel. Development is carried out using a systematic layout planning and computerized relative allocation of facilities technique. The objective of this research is to obtain an ideal layout that can minimize the distance between departments. As a result, there are nine departments with a total area of 385 m2 consisting of 18 m2loading dock department, 36 m2 raw material department, 86 m2cutting department, 42 m2 branding department, 21 m2 screen printing department, 105 m2 sewing department, 28 m2 finishing department, 28 m2 packing department, and 21 m2 warehouse department. Material handling costs for the initial layout produced using the systematic layout planning method are IDR 29,808.95 per day. After adjusting with Computerized Relative Facility Allocation Technique, the most ideal final layout was produced with minimal material handling costs of IDR 24,411.40 per day.

The COVID-19 pandemic has altered lifestyle and sparked a greater interest in GSCM. This study logically contributes to the branch of knowledge by demonstrating how resource-based attributes and integration can improve SME business performance while concurrently facilitating the successful transition from traditional to green supply chains. This study focused on batik SMEs that make their products using natural resources. The goal is to analyze SME performance models that affect GSCM, owner commitment, and supply chain connectivity. The data analyzed were gathered from a total of 163 experienced SME managers in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. PLS-SEM is the data analysis method used. The results validate that SME business performance is positively impacted by OC, SCC, and GSCM. The function of OC and SCC in SME business performance can also be mediated by GSCM.

Battery waste needs to be managed immediately and thus electric vehicles (EVs) become more popular as a sustainable replacement for internal combustion engine vehicles. This review discusses waste battery recycling industry practices and emphasizes the need for authorized battery management services for electric motorcycles. This gap allows third-party businesses not affiliated with the primary manufacturer to emerge and potentially grow sustainably. The literature review methodology involves an in-depth search of relevant literature using the Scopus database with strategically selected keywords. The VoS Viewer collects, organizes, and graphically maps references to synthesize them orderly. The search initially yielded 138 relevant articles. This number was then narrowed to 66 articles published in English journals. Thirty-nine articles were found when the search was modified to focus on full-text availability. These findings indicate an important need for more targeted research to design effective management frameworks for recycling waste batteries in electric motorbike workshops. All critical components increased waste management awareness and expertise among workshop managers, government policies, funding support, and a well-coordinated supply chain. This assessment identifies barriers to developing a viable battery waste recycling sector and makes recommendations for future policy and research initiatives.

This research article explains the product design and development optimization of multi feature engine carbon cleaning maintenance tools. The implementation of the Reverse Engineering method was integrated with VDI 2222 in the research process. The results of the optimal design and development of this tool obtained a component structure that was able to meet 14 types of consumer needs with a total tool cost of IDR 1.137.900 with a total tool weight of 6.9 kg. The results of the load test simulation concluded that the housing case was able to withstand the overall weight of the components that make up the tool. Depending on the liquid chemical used, the results of tool tests on a limited scale have proven to be able in save fuel consumption by ±12.5% per hour with engine workload which can also be reduced by 3,14%.

An engineering-to-order company has developed multi-spindle wheel nutrunner machines for automotive wheel mounting. The rotating shaft component that supports that machine has experienced compressive and twisting stress during operation, resulting in damage not only to the shaft but also some parts attached to the wheel. This study uses the house of quality (HOQ) and finite element method (FEM) approaches to redesign the rotary shaft to meet quality standards for its engineers, as customers, in a systematic way by using qualitative data from interviews, documents, and questionnaires provided by five rotary shaft engineering experts. Based on the importance levels of technical specifications obtained from the HOQ results, two rotary shaft redesign models for the redesigned models 1 and 2 obtain the maximum von Mises stress from the virtual testing using FEM analysis of 277.5 MPa and 111.8 MPa, respectively, which are below the company standard maximum yield strength of 470 MPa. Hence, using the company's minimum safety factor, the redesigned model 2 is chosen for the improved version of rotary shaft design.

Unsafe Condition Reporting is an important source of information for companies to determine whether the reporting can be identified effectively as the key to reducing work accidents. This research aims to ascertain the Social Network Analysis visualization network in the context of reporting unsafe conditions in the IZAT application and categorizing data processing outcomes. The findings revealed that the data collection process yielded 26,658 data items. The Unsafe Condition content comprised 79,667 words, with 2,388 unique words identified. The average number of occurrences per word was 33.36139. Certain network property calculations can be inferred from these results. Then, the word mapping with five related topics was carried out. The results of the categorization of the unsafe condition word mapping can be used as evaluation material for companies to prevent work accidents. In particular, the network visualization results can identify the most discussed topics and social network relationships of reporting in the IZAT application.

Banyumas is one of the famous tourist destinations in Central Java with its natural attractions. Tourism growth in Banyumas requires capable and sustainable transportation infrastructure. However, current policies and investments in Banyumas are inappropriate for developing transportation and tourism infrastructure that creates non-significant impact. Therefore, the development of tourism projection should consider environmental, social, economics, and technology interrelated in developing transportation and tourism infrastructure issues. The tourism supply chain has a unique structure that is different from typical supply chains with high complexity because many stakeholders are involved. This research aims to project Banyumas tourism development with the impact of transportation system improvement. This conceptual model was developed from literature reviews and other necessary sources, and then validated by experts. The conceptual model examines the relationship between variables involved in the tourism supply chain and transportation system in Banyumas that can be developed into a quantitative model using Causal Loop Diagram, an initial stage of system dynamics. This model used to analyze the behavior of visitor projection of the Banyumas tourism supply chain system in Indonesia.

This review explores human factors and ergonomics (HFE) in the engineering subject areas and analyzes research over the last five years across physical, cognitive, and organizational ergonomics and is associated with the Industrial Revolution era. This review aims to identify existing trends in HFE research related to the Industrial Revolution. This study used a systematic four-step methodology and drew from the Science Direct and Scopus databases. The methodology involves conducting a careful literature search, selecting pertinent and suitable literature references, conducting bibliometric analysis, and participating in qualitative discussions. A total of 353 articles are identified for further analysis. Our findings indicate that the current state of Human Factors and Ergonomics (HFE) research remains largely situated within the research paradigm of the Industrial Revolution 3.0 era. Investigations oriented towards the Industrial Revolution 4.0, such as integrating machine learning and artificial intelligence into physical, cognitive, and orga­ni­zational ergonomics, are still limited. The insufficient adoption of these advancements under­scores the necessity for ongoing development of HFE research to leverage these advancements in order to align with the trajectory towards Industry 4.0.

This study aims to investigate the effect of Ramadan intermittent fasting on cognitive work performance using a more natural approach. To achieve the objective of this study, a natural experimental approach was employed by incorporating a pretest-posttest control group design. A forward-type Digit Span Test (DST) was utilized as the measure of the cognitive work performance and was administered to participants twice, before and during Ramadan, with one-month gap between the tests. Two hundred and sixty-seven participants were naturally grouped into fasting and non-fasting groups according to their report during Ramadan session and into morning and afternoon periods, or AM and PM hours, according to their module scheduling. The results of the analyses suggest that the cognitive work performance of the fasting participants during the PM hours is better, after controlling the DST scores before Ramadan. The study also concludes that the cognitive work performance of the fasting participants between AM and PM hours does not differ. This result could be explained using the perspectives of post-lunch performance dip and the beneficial effect of breakfast. Methodological limitations and potential practical implementation of this study are also discussed.

Decanters play a crucial role in Palm Oil Mills by separating the oil phase from the sludge underflow in continuous settling tanks during the clarification process. Given the significance of decanters and the multitude of manufacturers, this study focuses on a comprehensive evaluation of three-phase decanter brands selection. Utilizing the analytic hierarchy process, the research explores the nuanced criteria of economics, technical aspects, and service quality for brand selection. Sub-criteria include operational cost, price, overhaul cost, emulsion content, oil losses, capacity, distance to buffer tank, electricity consumption, service scheme, guarantee, spare part availability, and workshop location. The alternatives considered are common decanter brands in Indonesia: Alfa Laval, IHI, Flottweg, and Westfalia. Using Expert Choice®, the analysis identifies Flottweg as the optimal decanter brand based on performance, particularly excelling in service criteria with a priority weight of 0.336. Sensitivity analysis indicates that for IHI to be considered the first option, technical and economic criteria must be prioritized above 56.5% and 50.0%, respectively. This study also concluded that technical and service aspects are equally important in decision-making for the decanter brand in POM A, surpassing economic ones, with service aspects as the critical factor in decanter brand decision-making.

An alternative method to reduce setup time is to simultaneously carry out fixture planning for several parts in one setup planning. This is possible due to the size of parts which are relatively small to the size of the machine work bed, typically found in a make-to-order industry. This research proposed a fixture planning method for multi-workpiece setup. The fixture planning method comprised two stages: 1) multi-workpiece layout and 2) 3-2-1 pin location. An example of multiple workpiece setup is illustrated in this paper to point out the method's applicability. Future research activity will integrate the proposed collaborative human-robot assembly design system method.

Work fatigue is an important aspect and is very influential in determining the level of accidents, especially motorbike accidents. According to WHO, almost 30% of all deaths due to road accidents involve two- and three-wheel­ed motorized vehicles, such as motorbikes, mopeds, scooters and electric bicycles (e-bikes), and the number continues to increase. Motor­cycles dominate road deaths in many low- and middle-income countries, where nine out of ten traffic accident deaths occur among motorcyclists, as in Indonesia. However, until now, in Indonesia, there has been no monitor­ing system capable of identifying fatigue in motorbike drivers in the transportation sector. This research aims to determine fatigue patterns based on driver working hours and create a sensor system to monitor fatigue measurements in real-time to reduce the number of accidents. The research began with processing questionnaire data with Pearson correlation, which showed a close relationship between driver fatigue and driving time and a close relationship between fatigue and increased heart rate and sweating levels. From calibration tests with an error of 3% and direct measurements of working conditions, it was found that two-wheeled vehicle driver fatigue occurs after 2-3 hours of work. With a measurement system using the Box Whiskers analysis method, respondents' working conditions can also be de­ter­mined, which are divided into 4 zones, namely zone 1 (initial condition or good condition), zone 2 a declining condition, zone 3 a tired condition and zone 4 is a resting condition. Hopefully, this research will identify fati­gue zones correctly and reduce the number of accidents because it can iden­tify tired drivers so they do not have to force themselves to continue working and driving their motorbikes. As a conclusion from this research, a measure­ment system using two sensors, such as ECG and GSR can identify work fatigue zones well and is expected to reduce the number of accidents due to work fatigue.

Increasing energy consumption has faced challenges and pressures for modern manufacturing operations. The production sector accounts for half of the world's total energy consumption. Reducing idle machine time by em­ploying No-Idle Permutation Flow Shop Scheduling (NIPFSP) is one of the best decisions for reducing energy consumption. This article modifies one of the energy consumption-solving algorithms, the Aquila Optimizer (AO) algo­rithm. This research contributes by 1) proposing novel AO procedures for solving energy consumption problems with NIPFSP and 2) expanding the literature on metaheuristic algorithms that can solve energy consumption problems with NIPFSP. To analyze whether the AO algorithm is optimal, we compared by using the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) algorithm. It com­pares these two algorithms to tackle the problem of energy consumption by testing four distinct problems. Comparison of the AO and GWO algorithm is thirty times for each case for each population and iteration. The outcome of comparing the two algorithms is using a t-test on independent samples and ECR. In all case studies, the results demonstrate that the AO algorithm has a lower energy consumption value than GWO. The AO algorithm is there­fore recommended for minimizing energy consumption because it can produce more optimal results than the comparison algorithm.

Considering that batik is one of the most popular products in Indonesia, it is important to analyse the supply chain system for batik products. In reality, the supply chain system for batik products enables orders between buyers to receive products more rapidly, allowing them to anticipate stock outs and obtain lower ordering costs than when ordering from vendors. It is referred to as reactive lateral transshipment. This paper discusses the development of a simulation-based stochastic optimisation model for a batik product supply chain system with multiproducts and single vendor-multi buyers. The utilised solution searching algorithm is a modified Genetic Algorithms (GA) executed in-loop with the developed simulation-based stochastic model. The results demonstrate that the proposed modified GA is able to provide a global optimum solution, allowing the proposed simulation-based stochastic model to reduce the joint total cost (JTC) of the investigated supply chain system by up to 19% when compared to the local optimisation model in each supply chain party.

Customer demands for product quality are increasingly complex, requiring better inspection accuracy. It is not enough if done manually because it requires high costs and varying operator accuracy. Automatic vision inspect­ion was developed to check the product quality of terminal-type electronic components To solve this problem. Design intelligent inspection uses a conveyor driven by a stepper motor, a photosensor to calculate product distance, guides position to direct the product, a vision camera to detect product quality, cylinder ejection for product selection, and PLC as a control system. The process of detecting normal and abnormal product quality is carried out using computer logic control, then separating the ab­normal product into the reject box through the ejection cylinder. The machine speed is 60 pieces/minute. The system evaluation results are carried out on three parts of the system: the success rate on the vision camera is 100%, automatic product sorting through the cylinder ejection rate success is 100%, and the success rate for product positioning is 97.5%. This research provides a useful reference for developing intelligent automatic inspection technology in electronic components.

Inventory control is critical because the inability to overcome inventory problems causes unpreparedness to meet consumer demand. MSMEs Bekawan Agro Coconut Sugar, independently around 35% -70%, cannot meet consumers' demand for coconut sugar, so an inventory control model is needed. Inventory control models must integrate with demand forecasting as an inventory control input. This study aims to integrate the demand fore­casting model with the inventory control model. The method used for demand forecasting is ARIMA. The inventory control model uses a modi­fied EOQ hybrid method because coconut sugar products have a shelf life; they also use coconut sap as raw material, which must be processed to prevent fermentation. The research results show that demand forecasting for one year ahead is a total of 10,310.82 Kilograms with an economic lot size of 120 Kilograms and a reorder point when the inventory position is 30 Kilograms. Daily production of 30 kilograms requires 210 litres of coconut sap/per day. The amount of sap needed requires 105 coconut trees / per day. Arrival time of coconut sugar at the storage warehouse every five days. The resulting model can be a solution for sustainable MSMEs.

The current era provides challenges for several automotive industries to be able to compete and maintain the quality of their products. For four-wheeled auto­motive companies, satisfying customers regarding the visual appear­ance of the vehicle body is very important. However, internally, automotive companies still found many defects or failures in painting, amounting to 32.6%. Apart from that, rework also results in additional costs that the company must incur during the painting process. This study aims to clarify types of painting defects, analyze root causes, provide solutions, improve process capabilities, and in­crease the sigma level in the painting process in the four-wheeled vehicle industry. This study uses the Lean Six Sigma method, which is integrated into the DMAIC approach and other improve­ment tools. As a result, this study clarifies four critical defects in the orange peel defects of the painting section, craters, melting, and blur. This study has resulted in several corrective action solutions, including tightening supervision of the performance of painting section operators so that they are consistent and committed to working according to the Standard Operational Procedure (SOP) or work instructions that have been created. A competency matrix is used to evaluate operator performance, which is reported to super­iors and subordinates by the supervisory depart­ment. After carrying out corrective action, this study increased the process capability from 1.17 to 1.92. The higher the capability value, the higher the sigma level. This study also has increased the sigma level from 2.76 to 3.42, meaning an increase of 78%. .

This research addresses order planning challenges related to perishable products, using bread products as a case study. The problem is how to effi­ci­ently manage the various bread products ordered by diverse customers, which requires distributors to determine the optimal number of products to order from suppliers. This study aims to formulate the problem as a lot-sizing model, considering various factors, including customer demand, in­ven­tory constraints, ordering capacity, return rate, and defect rate, to achieve a near or optimal solution, Therefore determining the optimal order quantity to reduce the total ordering cost becomes a challenge in this study. However, most lot sizing problems are combinatorial and difficult to solve. Thus, this study uses the Genetic Algorithm (GA) as the main method to solve the lot sizing model and determine the optimal number of bread products to order. With GA, experiments have been conducted by combining the values of population, crossover, mutation, and generation parameters to maximize the feasibility value that represents the minimal total cost. The results obtained from the application of GA demonstrate its effectiveness in generating near or optimal solutions while also showing fast computational performance. By utilizing GA, distributors can effectively minimize wastage arising from expired or perishable products while simultaneously meeting customer demand more efficiently. As such, this research makes a significant contri­bution to the development of more effective and intelligent decision-making strategies in the domain of perishable products in bread distribution.

The research focuses on optimization of the sizing process parameters for cotton warp yarn material. The sizing process is a crucial step where warp yarn is coated with a starch solution before weaving. The aim is to produce warp yarn with strong weaving ability, thereby facilitating the entire process. To achieve this, several factors are considered, namely the steam bar, and squeeze roll pressure, including machine speed. The techniques used to address this issue include Taguchi in collaboration with Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) to effectively address multi-responses. In this analysis, the larger the better characteristic was applied to S/N Ratio, indicating that the higher the GRG value, the closer it is to the desired optimum condition. Based on the calculations from S/N Ratio response table for the GRG, it can be determined that factor steam bar pressure was selected at 4 Bar, with an average S/N Ratio value of -2.935. factor squeeze roll should be set to level 10 Km/m3, as it yields an average S/N Ratio value of -2.912. Factors squeeze roll) and C (Machine Speed) were selected at levels 2 (10 Km/m3) and 1 (45 M/Min) with average values of -2.912, and -4.771, respectively.

This article explains the design and manufacture of a herbal drink powder crystallization machine at Menik Jaya MSMEs. The problem with this research stems from the large number of defective products produced in the form of herbal powder that is burnt and lumpy. This is because production staff still manually stir the process continuously without stopping, causing fatigue due to work and impacting the quality of the process. So that the optimal design and manufacture of the crystallization machine is obtained where the dimensions of the machine are 130 cm high, 100 cm long and wide, machine legs height is 62 cm, stove height is 87 cm from the base and the stove pan handle width is 12 cm. Regarding engine performance, the ideal electric capacity of the motor is 60 watts with a stirrer and pan made from a combination of wood and AISI 3195 stainless steel. The pully uses 2 types of sizes, if the volume of raw material is small then a 4 cm pully is used with 10 Rpm rotation speed and 0,052 Nm torque value, while for large volumes a 6 cm pully is used with 15 Rpm rotation speed and 0,038 Nm torque value.

The optimization of route planning is a critical consideration frequently happened in the logistics of product distribution. This study addresses distribution issues, such as long trip distances, which result in high distribution costs. The objective of this research is to increase distribution routes' effectiveness, which will enable it to reach the minimize distance and lower the cost of product distribution. The Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) can be resolved by using the Genetic Algorithm (GA) technique to optimize the path. Variations in crossover, mutation, and population were made when experimenting with GA. The results of the study indicate that the overall distance travelled decreased from 55.5 km to 30.45 km and that the cost of distributing the product was reduced from Rp 94,350.00 to Rp 51,765.00. There is a about 45% improvement. There is about 45% improvement. This optimisation technique has a favourable effect on the overall financial performance and competitiveness of businesses involved in comparable distribution operations, as well as improving operational efficiency and offering the possibility of cost savings.

Workload is something that arises due to excessive activity demands. The workload is not proportional to the number of available workers because of the high target of pipe production while the number of workers is lacking so that human resources cannot work productively, especially in the production department at PT. Harapan Jaya Multi Bisnis. The purpose of this study is to determine the workload of employees in pipe production and determine the optimal number of workers. This study uses the Work Load Analysis (WLA) method to analyze the workload in determining the optimal number of workers. The results of this study after calculating the workload, it is proposed that the fixed cutting section is 2 people with a workload of 62.65%. In Branding, in real terms there is 1 person with a total workload of 11.73% and an average workload of 11.73%. After calculating the workload, it is proposed that the shooting section still be 1 person with a workload of 11.73%, because if additional workers are added, the workload will be too low. The time needed to complete the activity is 7 hours per day. After calculating the workload, Quality Control is proposed to be 1 person, because if additional workers are added, the workload will be too low, namely 7 hours per day.

Waste cooking oil is one of household waste. Waste cooking oil is usually disposed to the sewers or gardens. Utilization of waste cooking oil is by recycling it into a solid soap product. The production of solid soap from waste cooking oil is a solution to reduce waste. There are various formulas for making soap products from waste cooking oil. In order to utilize waste cooking oil becomes maximal dan useful, it is necessary to select the best formula for further development. The research begins by identifying the soap formula with a simple process. The identification results obtained six soap formulas that can be produced on a household scale. The six soap formulas were then produced and tested according to Indonesia’s national standards (SNI). The method used to select the best formula was Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), which involved four partisipants as experts. The result of the decision of the best soap formula is Soap 6. Meanwhile, the three priority attributes for decision-making are soap standard (SNI), cleaning power, and the ability to hold bacteria.

The increasing age of humans leads to reduced strength and muscle mass. Increasing age can also cause a decrease in the function of other organs, such as the urinary tract so that some elderly people have difficulty moving places to urinate and need to use diapers. The types of urinary catheters on the market are intermittent catheters, suprapubic catheters, and external catheters. The purpose of this study was to design a special external catheter for women with the name Ecable. Ecable is designed according to the needs of users both the elderly themselves and people who care for the elderly. The method used in this design is design thinking. ecable consists of five major components: a urine bag, an alarm, a hose, special underwear, and a urine funnel. The advantages offered by this product are easy to install and remove, comfortable to use, minimize unpleasant odors, there is a full urine bag detection alarm, minimize the cause of irritation, and are cost-effective because they can be used repeatedly. This catheter is expected to help the elderly and caregivers to overcome existing needs.

UD. TGM is one of SMEs located in Blora, Central of Java. They can produce 60 – 150 pallets of paving block per hour. Based on observations and measurements, the noise level around production machines is above 90 dB and the temperature around UD. TGM reaches 34°C. Those conditions do not match with the regulatory standards by Ministry of Health of Republic Indonesia. In addition, based on NBM questionnaire, there were 10 complaints of very sick, 7 complaints of pain, and 7 complaints of moderate pain. The worker's cardiovascular load was 36.4% (or needed improvement). Based on the REBA assessment informed that a corrective action needs to be taken immediately. This study aims to analyze the work system totally and provide improvement recommendations. We proposed recommendations by total ergonomics approach collaborated with fishbone diagrams, tree diagrams, and PDPC diagrams. The recommendations were UD. TGM need to create a supervisory team, create work instructions, design additional of transportation tools like a hand stacker, replace dirt floors with paving, enlarge air ventilation holes and add roof height. Then, the evaluation of the recommendations by Catia software, the REBA score was reduced from level 3 to level 1 (or low risk).

The Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia has established standard rules for the quality of outpatient service in hospitals. One indicator of the quality of outpatient services at a hospital is the patient's waiting time to be served either by a specialist or other services such as a pharmacy. Respira Hospital Yogyakarta is a special pulmonary and respiratory hospital in Yogyakarta that continues to improve the quality of its services. Based on the results of observations and interviews it is known that in terms of waiting time, patients at Respira Hospital Yogyakarta still have to wait to get service. Examples of queues that occur include patients waiting for a specialist doctor's examination for around 75 to 90 minutes. waiting at the pharmacy and cashier for up to 60 minutes or more. This study attempts to evaluate the waiting time for outpatient services at Respira Hospital Yogyakarta using a simulation. Based on the simulation results, it is known that the patient's waiting time in the system is 217.33 minutes and the longest waiting time is in the pediatric polyclinic and pharmacy departments. After the scenario implementation were made, namely in the pediatric polyclinic and pharmacy sections, the waiting time decreased to 177.19 minutes. This means that evaluations carried out using simulations can help hospitals reduce waiting time for outpatients

This paper studies on proposed inventory policy at a well-known pharmacy in Riau Province, Indonesia. Pharmacy X often experiences stockouts, especially during the critical period of the COVID-19 pandemic. These stockouts lead to lost sales. The Q and P inventory models are used to determine the optimal order quantity and order period using several simulation scenarios. Storage capacity and the ability of suppliers to supply drugs are constraints in this study. However, only 7 SKUs that often run out will be examined. The purpose of this paper is to minimize the shortage level of the SKUs using a parameter of shortage costs. After simulation, it was proven there was a decrease in the shortage costs in each SKU compared to the actual state. The reduction reached 23% - 74%.

In this modern era, simulation software such as Arena has become a valuable tool for designing, optimizing, and analyzing the flow of supply chains efficiently. The aim of this research is to describe and analyze the flow of waste supply chains using Arena software. The second objective is to analyze the behavior of the people of Semarang city regarding organic waste processing using a macroergonomics approach. This study employs a simulation approach by utilizing Arena software to model the flow of waste supply chains from collection, sorting, processing, to final disposal stages. Using Arena software, simulation results can be measured and objectively analyzed, serving as a basis for identifying improvements and enhancements in the waste supply chain. To manage organic waste in an area it is necessary to involve cognitive, psychological, organizational and environmental aspects. The strategy for managing organic waste in urban areas such as the Semarang area is to manage and ensure that organic waste has added value and sales value.

Being highly susceptible to damage, fish result in significant post-harvest fish losses (PHFL) due to quality deterioration from inefficient harvesting and market dynamics. This study aims to identify the leading factors driving PHFL and construct a practical decision-making framework for the fisheries industry's development. Employing the fuzzy TOPSIS method, we scrutinized the critical causes of PHFL. Our literature review revealed four aspects and 13 operational processes contributing to PHFL across the supply chain. Among these processes, four drivers were the primary culprits: excessive fish capacity in shipping baskets, inadequate ice cooling during transportation to suppliers, insufficient ice cooling during supplier sorting, and the absence of appropriate tools for small retailers. To alleviate PHFL and enhance the fishery industry, priority should be given to addressing excessive fish capacity in shipping baskets, which poses a risk of physical damage during transit. Moreover, inadequate ice-cooling techniques, particularly in transportation and supplier sorting stages, raise public health and food safety concerns. Stakeholders must prioritize these critical factors for PHFL reduction.

The lack of accuracy and slow information flow within the supply chain poses significant challenges to the sustainability of the manufacturing process. Effective information management is essential for enhancing supply chain competitiveness, encompassing increased product yield, improved product quality, cost reduction, and enhanced productivity for quicker product distribution. This research investigates the impact of information sharing on supply chain management to bolster company productivity. Additionally, it delves into the detrimental consequences of insufficient information sharing and offers solutions to ensure efficient information exchange within the organization. To achieve these research objectives, we employ a quantitative approach utilizing the Structural Equation Model (SEM)-Amos and six questionnaire variables: information sharing, information quality, information technology, supply chain management implementation, productivity, and customer satisfaction. Our findings underscore the adverse effects of limited information sharing on supply chain management performance, leading to reduced productivity. The enhancement of supply chain management hinges on effective and transparent information sharing, facilitated by disseminating clear and sustainable information throughout the company. Furthermore, ensuring employees understand supply chain management practices comprehensively is crucial. These measures are poised to contribute to increased productivity and the achievement of customer satisfaction goals.

Evaluating sustainability in the food supply chain has multiple benefits, including reducing environmental impact, meeting regulations, satisfying consumer demands, improving efficiency, and enhancing business reputation. This paper outlines a Sustainability Supply Chain Management (SSCM) framework using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to weigh Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). With 12 variables and 39 KPIs, the method involves data collection, performance measure selection, and analysis. KPIs with lower weight values highlight areas needing improvement, such as recycling costs, personnel expenses, sales responsiveness, eco-friendly labelling, distribution efficiency, green product development, recycled material usage, employee capabilities, product reputation, worker satisfaction, and stakeholder trust. Based on KPI weights, recommendations include prioritizing energy use in production and marketing, ensuring timely product delivery, maintaining product quality, streamlining production processes, focusing on energy efficiency, promoting eco-labelling, fostering eco-awareness, and advancing environmental technology.

Increased awareness of environmental and social aspects has become an urgent global issue, especially in ensuring supply chain sustainability. In addition, optimizing sustainable supplier selection and order allocation is also crucial for companies to encourage sustainable industries. This research aims to determine the best potential sustainable suppliers and determine order allocation by considering economic, social, and environmental dimensions. This research proposes an approach that integrates AHP-Topsis and goal programming to solve the problem of sustainable supplier selection and order allocation. The AHP-Topsis procedure is proposed for weighting the criteria and sub-criteria of sustainable supplier selection. Meanwhile, Topsis is offered for supplier ranking. This study offers a goal programming procedure for order allocation. Order allocation is based on three goals: minimizing total procurement cost, maximizing total purchase value, and reducing carbon emissions. A case study is presented on the plastic bean processing industry in Indonesia involving three criteria (Economic, social, and environmental) and 17 sub-criteria. The analysis results show that economic criteria have the highest weight, followed by environmental and social criteria. Furthermore, the TOPSIS method selected the three best suppliers out of 5 alternative suppliers to receive order allocation. The order allocation process for three periods was carried out using the Goal Programming method on suppliers C, E, and A. This research contributes to improving supply chain sustainability. It provides practical guidance for companies in selecting suppliers and allocating orders efficiently.

The rise of Electric Vehicles (EVs), supported by battery swap systems, brings various advantages, including reduced waiting times, lower upfront costs, and alleviating range anxiety. Battery Swap Stations (BSS) enhance green transportation by providing convenient options for EV users, especially in regions with limited fast-charging infrastructure. Many EVs, especially two-wheelers, need battery recharging after reaching their driving range. BSS availability can eliminate charging inconveniences for busy EV drivers. However, selecting BSS locations is often challenging due to budget constraints. This study aims to understand the criteria for selecting BSS locations in Indonesia. Potential location alternatives were identified using a fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making approach and input from government officials and industry experts. Factors like driving range, EV capacity, and budget availability were considered in determining the order of BSS establishment. The study found that technological and social aspects were the top criteria, suggesting that BSS development should prioritize established locations like mini markets and petrol stations.

The turning process involves the linear removal of material from the work-piece and requires a relatively high amount of energy. The high energy consumption of the machining process increases carbon emissions, which affects the environment. Moreover, production costs will rise as the cost of energy rises. Energy savings during the machining process are crucial for achieving sustainable manufacturing. In order to determine and optimize the cutting parameters, this study creates a multi-pass turning processes optimi¬zation model. It considers cutting speeds, feed rates, and depth of cut. In this study, the model uses multi-objective optimization by incorporating three objective functions: processing time, energy consumption and product¬ion costs. OptQuest completed the proposed model in Oracle Crystal Ball software, then normalized and weighted the sum. Ordering preferences, the Multi-Objective Optimization based on Ratio Analysis (MOORA) approach is utilized. It ranks items based on their higher priority values. This paper provides a numerical example to demonstrate the application of an optimi¬zation model. Based on the preference order ranking results, the optimal values for three objective functions are as follows: total processing time of 4.953 min, the total energy consumption of 5.434 MJ, and total production cost of 395.21$.