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Bunaken National Park was designation based on the Decree of the Minister of Forestry Number: SK. 734 / Menhut-II / 2014. Boundary demarcation process of Bunaken National Park in Mantehage Island was rejected by the community due to land claims in the form of gardens and settlements. This study puposes to answer how the state of land cover and use of the Mantehage Island and how the tenurial conflicts. The analysis used is spatial analysis and Rapid Land Tenure Assessment (RaTA). The results indicate that land cover and use consisted of primary mangrove forests, dry land agriculture, mixed gardens, scrub, settlements and roads. Conflict occurred between the community and the Forest Area Boundary Committee for North Minahasa Regency because the community did not understand the boundary demarcation activitiess and regulations that could provide a solution to their land conflict problems. Conflict resolution mechanisms that can be taken is the settlement of third-party rights in boundary demarcation process, review of spatial planning and conservation partnerships. Keywords: tenurial conflict, boundary demarcation, Bunaken National Park, conservation partnerships

The purpose of this study is to conflict mapping , explain conflict style of stakeholder and choices of conflict resolution. This study was conducted in February 2017 in Cisantana Village, Kuningan Regency. Data were collected through participatory rural appraisa l ; interviews, field observation, documentation and focus group discussions. The study method was used Rapid Land Tenure Assessment (RaTA) and Dispute Style Analysis (AGATA). The results showed that the dominant conflict in TNGC was the change of forest status which affected the economic activities of the community around TNGC, that involved eight dominant actor. In a conflict, the stakeholder has a different style of dispute. The stakeholder s was facilitated and mediated to propose a permit to manage Patulungan ( parking management ) , and a permit to m anage Ipukan ( tourism guide ) . In this case, the role of outsiders who do not have a conflict relationship is needed in order to realize conflict resolution. Keywords: conflict style , community, mapping, stakeholder, Ciremai Mountain

Pemanfaatan rumput dan kayu bakar oleh masyarakat sekitar pada Taman Nasional Gunung Merbabu (TNGMb) tidak sejalan dengan zonasi taman nasional. Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan berupa kajian intensitas pemanfaatan rumput dan kayu bakar dari kawasan TNGMb melalui identifikasi pengaruh antar faktor pada aktivitas pemanfaatan rumput dan kayu bakar oleh masyarakat serta identifikasi unsur pembentuk akses masyarakat dalam pemanfaatan rumput dan kayu bakar yang berasal dari kawasan TNGMb. Penelitian dilakukan di wilayah TNGMb dengan mengambil lokasi sampel di Dusun Godang, Guwolelo, Batur, dan Sembungan. Tipe penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kombinasi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi lapangan, kuesioner, wawancara, dan penelusuran dokumen. Metode kuantitatif disajikan dalam bentuk statistik diskriptif (peta, distribusi frekuensi) dan analisis jalur. Metode kualitatif menggunakan analisis akses. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa intensitas pemanfaatan rumput dan kayu bakar di TNGMb di lokasi sampel tergolong sedang cenderung tinggi (63 kali per hari untuk rumput dan 41 kali per minggu untuk kayu bakar). Dalam kaitannya terhadap faktor pengelolaan lahan maka faktor budaya berpengaruh sebesar 91%, faktor ekonomi berpengaruh sebesar 17,8 %. Faktor ekonomi menjadi faktor mediasi antara faktor budaya dan faktor pengelolaan lahan, serta terukur secara bersama-sama berpengaruh terhadap faktor pengelolaan lahan sebesar 49,2%. Unsur pembentuk akses masyarakat sekitar kawasan dalam pemanfaatan rumput dan kayu bakar bersifat sederhana atau konvensional.ABSTRACTGrass and fuel wood utilization by community around Gunung Merbabu National Park (GMNP) was inconsistent with national park zoning. This research have been done by evaluating of the intensity of grass and fuel wood derived from GMNP, according to identify the effect between factors at grass and fuel wood utilization by community and determining of the community access pattern in grass and fuel wood utilization. The research study was implemented in GMNP area, which sample locations were Gondang, Guwolelo, Batur, and Sembungan villages. The method used for the research was a combined research method. Data collection was conducted by field observation, interview, questionnaires and document analysis. Quantitative method was presented in descriptive statistic (map, frequency distribution) and path analysis results. Qualitative method was conducted by access analysis. The results showed that intensity grass and fuel wood utilization in GMNP in sample location was in the middle to high trend categories (63 times per day for grass and 41 times per week for fuel wood). Affect to the land management factor, it has been known that the contribution of the cultural factor was in 91% and the economic factor in 17.8 %. Economic factor become intervening factor between cultural factor and land management factor and it was evaluated in 49.2%. Community access structure in grass and fuel wood utilization was simple or conventional.

Turgo Hill is one of the areas of Mount Merapi National Park included in the Nature Tourism Zone which is intended for recreational purposes, tourist visits, and other activities. This research activity was carried out based on a case study conducted by Generasi Biologi Indonesia (Genbinesia) in the activities of Botany Adventure in Turgo Hill. This study objectives to determine the diversity of edible flora, analyze the potential of botany adventure bio tourism and plan strategies for special interest in botanical bio tourism in Turgo Hill. The research method used for the inventory of edible flora is carried out by exploring methods in 2 locations based on the elevation of 500 meters respectively. Analysis of potential bio tourism used descriptive methods through field observation, asked the questionnaires, and interviewed participants. The bio tourism strategy plan is compiled with the SWOT technique. The results of the study show that the diversity of edible flora along the tracking routes as many as 60 species. Based on the analysis of potential, Botany Adventure Biotourism activities are feasible in Bukit Turgo with a feasibility index of 92.15%. The highest potential is supported by the attractiveness of natural resources, accessibility, and the availability of clean water. SWOT search recommends strengthening and developing external factors to improve botanical special interest bio tourism activities in Bukit Turgo by providing special vehicles that mobilize participants, complementing facilities, especially souvenir kiosks, religious facilities, other tourism facilities, and promoting the promotion of activities.

After the looting and destruction of forest land in the Merubetiri National Park area were effortS to restore the area to its original condition. Various efforts were made involving the community in the rehabilitation of Meru Betiri National Park land. One indicator of the success of land rehabilitation is increasing biodiversity. The purpose of this study was to determine biodiversity in the rehabilitation area of Meru Betiri National Park. The method used uses a 100-200 m striped line combination at each location for vegetation data collection. Vegetation analysis by calculating type frequency, species density, species dominance, important value index, species diversity index, species richness index and distribution pattern. The results showed that there were 14 types of vegetation in 11 families in 4 common observation plots and jackfruit plants (Artocarpus heterophyllus) and showed adaptability and these plants were needed by the community. Based on the results of the study, the INP value of the Wonoasri plot was 103.27% Pete (Parkia speciosa), Bonangan plot was Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) of 154.18%, Donglo plot of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) was 133.22%, and Jackfruit Pletes (Artocarpus heterophyllus) of 262.41%. For this reason, it is necessary to do new types of enhancements and compaction of spacing on each rehabilitation plot so that the value of diversity and species richness can increase, so that the success of rehabilitation can be seen.

Gunung Palung National Park were protected since 1937 and become remain conserve largest dipterocarp forest in Borneo. The park has severe forest loss caused by anthropogenic activities and forest fire. To help inform conservation efforts about pattern and distribution of deforestation in the park, we measured forest cover change in the protected area using 11 multi-temporal Landsat series images with path/row 121/61. We found the park already loss 10.68% of its forest area in 1989 and 26% from an initial loss in 1989 in 1997 caused by El Niño event. Currently, deforestation rate is 0.21%, higher than global rate cause El Niño of 2015/16 event and make severe forest fire. The direct impact of deforestation and or degradation in a protected area is biodiversity loss and shortage water storage or flooding. This biodiversity loss created by habitat loss, fragmentation, or genetic drifting. Different wildlife and vegetation have a different response for habitat change and will reach the new equilibrium.

The potentiality of water resources owned by Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park (Babul NP) is abundant and has been utilized by the community around the area. The concept of payment for environmental services is very possible to be applied to Babul NP in an effort to preserve water resources. Therefore, stakeholders in the utilization of water environmental services in Babul National Park need to be identified. This study aims to map the stakeholders in the utilization of water environmental services in the Babul NP area, as well as the parties who need to be involved if the concept of payment for environmental services to be applied to the management of water environmental services in Babul NP. Data collection was carried out through direct observation, in-depth interviews, questionnaires filling by key informants, and focused group discussions. Data were analyzed by using stakeholders analysis. The results showed that stakeholders who could be directly involved in the utilization of water environmental services related to the payment for environmental services are among others the community around the area, industry, the Regional Water Company (PDAM), Babul NP, and the villages. The selection of the proper stakeholders will greatly affect the successful implementation of the payment for water environmental services concept in Babul NP

Moluccan cockatoo (Cacatua moluccensis Gmelin, 1788) is an endemic bird of Seram Island, Maluku Province, which is an icon of Manusela National Park. The population and habitat of Maluku cockatoos is disrupted by the activities of communities around the area. This study aims to analyze the condition of the poor cockatoo population and habitat as well as the community's perceptions of the interaction between the community and the cockatoos in the wild and develop a strategy for the Maluku cockatoo conservation program in the buffer zone of Manusela National Park.. Data collection is done by direct observation, questionnaires, focus group discussions and in-depth interviews. The results showed that there were 7 individuals found in the location of community plantations, while 4 other individuals were in the protected forest area and Manusela National Park with density 22,04 individual/km2. The existence of moluccan cockatoos on community plantations has led to a negative perception of the community that cockatoo is one of the pests for the plantation. The right conservation efforts to preserve cockatoos and create positive interactions with the community are by planning on village tourism, Moluccan cockatoo captivity, and managing the habitat of the cockatoos in and around the Manusela National Park area. Keywords: captivity, conservation, ecotourism, habitat, moluccan cockatoo

This study aims to identify macroscopic fungi species in Kelimutu National Park. The method used in this study was a combination of Visual Encounter Survey method in 5 tracking lines at altitude between 1,000 - 1,700 meters above sea level. Based on the results of the survey, there were 46 species of macroscopic fungi from 23 families in Kelimutu National Park. Some species of macroscopic fungi have the potential to be cultivated as food and medicinal ingredients. The existence of this macroscopic fungus has also given a special characteristic of Kelimutu because it only grows at an altitude between ± 1,045 - 1,616 meters above sea level. Keywords: macroscopic fungi, Visual Encounter Survey, Kelimutu National Park.

This study aims to determine the components in the development of ecotourism of Siberut national park in the Mentawai Islands is a strategic plan that can be developed for ecotourism development and aims to improve the welfare of the community. This research uses descriptive qualitative method with reference to the concept of ecotourism development. The population in this research is in the form of social situation with the participants in it are government, stakeholder, tourists and community. Instrument in this research is observation, and interview use model of coding, interpretation and congrulation. The results of this study indicate that the development ecotourism of national parks in the Mentawai islands can be seen in the aspects of nature conservation flora fauna, socio-cultural empowerment of local communities economy as well aspects of learning and education directly to the government, stakeholder, tourists and the community development in the region area.

The research aims to know and comprehend the customary law principles as a rule in the exploration of natural resources, to know communities behavior on customary law in exploring the natural resources, and to explain the customary law as a beneficial rule to conserve the natural resources in lore lindu region. It will be conducted through the research method of socio-legal by data collecting will be done by direct observation of the research object as well as interview and participatory appraisal. Secondary data such as documented policy, law and regulations, political agreements, village demographic data, and other supporting data will be collected from various sources of concerns. The result of the research could be revealed as that the customary law principles as a rule in the explorations of natural resources still influence their rule in using its of course lead by head of tribe (totua Ngata) for a long time ago. As well as the communities behavior on customary law in using the natural resources in general. Then the customary law as a beneficial rule to conserve the natural resources in lore lindu region in particular can be assumed, but the intervention of state law or policy made it diminish gradually. Customary law related to forest conservation as a part of their values such as ombo (forbidden) cutting or bring tree or fish in a certain time. Keyword: Formation; Customary Law; Natural Resources; National Park

Balik Bukit Resort Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP) is a protected area where various amphibians habitat. The conditions and quality of habitat, of course determines the diversity of amphibians. This study aimed to analyze the diversity to detect that the amphibians (order Anura), comparing the diversity of amphibians (order Anura) based on different types of habitat and identifying amphibian habitat conditions (order Anura) in Resort Balik Bukit of Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park. This study uses three replications in each habitat type (primary forest, bush and swamp) and using Visual Encounter Surveys in amphibian biodiversity data retrieval. The data have been analyzed using the Shannon Wiener index, and community similarity index by calculating the evenness. Research shows that the value of diversity is still classified as being on the three types of habitat with the highest diversity found in primary forest habitat that habitat conditions in Resort Behind the hill is still ensure the growth and proliferation of amphibians order Anura.Keywords: Anura, Amphibians, Environmental Indicators, Resort Balik Bukit TNBBS

The forest in Gunung Halimun National Park belonged to the Indonesian tropical forests, is rich in medicinal plant species. An experiment was conducted to identify active ingredients in 20 plant species collected from the region. Results of bio-testing using Brine Shrimp's methods revealed that 11 species showed medicinal efficacy as indicated by the toxicity. Further analysis revealed that 11 plant species contained a toxic cheminal categorized as saponine. Meanwhile, 10 plant species contained other active ingradients categorized as flavonoid, steroid and tanin, 7 species contained triterpenoids and 2 species contained alkaloids.

Kantong semar (Nepenthes gracilis) classified as carnivorous plants which could be found within some forests area in Indonesia in various forms. The uniqueness from this plants is on its pitcher shape which constructed from its leaf as the defense mechanism, particularly to gain nutrition. Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBS NP ), particularly rhino camp, sukaraja atas resort has become one of its habitat, therefore this place is essential through its sustainability. Due to the fact that less data available about N. gracilis in that location, so that this reaserch was need to be done. The research was conducted in February 2016 with the aims to determined the population and dissemination pattern of N. gracilis in rhino camp, sukaraja atas resort, BB SNP. The data was collected by line transects which placed purposively. The results shown that there was 2079 pitcher of N. gracilis disseminated on six transect s. About 60% N. gracilis covered locations plot observations with highest quantitative parameter value was situated on 3rd transect with the density (D) 11, 08 pitcher/ha, relative density (DR) 26, 67%, frequency (F) 0,150%, relative frequency (FR) 25, 08% and the lowest was on sixth transect with the density (D) 1,200 pitcher/ha, relative density (DR) 28, 9%, frequency (F) 0,041%, relative frequency (FR) 6,85. The dissemination pattern included as assembled in the altitude 615-645 meters above sea level. Keywords : Nepenthes, Population, Sukaraja Atas, BBSNP

Taman Nasional Gunung Rinjani (TNGR) di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat adalah tujuan ekowisata yang populer bagi wisatawan mancanegara dan nusantara. Jumlah pengunjung tercatat meningkat setiap tahunnya. Namun, TNGR menghadapi berbagai permasalahan hutan yang rusak dan menjadi lahan kritis, serta sumberdaya air yang menurun akibat kurangnya kesadaran dan kepedulian akan nilai lingkungan dan sumber daya alam ekowisata TNGR. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesediaan wisatawan untuk membayar atau Willingness to Pay (WTP) bagi ekowisata dan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) untuk menentukan nilai WTP, serta regresi untuk menentukan faktor apa saja yang memengaruhi nilai WTP. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rataan WTP responden wisatawan mancanegara US $54.13, dengan nilai ekonomi lingkungan ekowisata dan perkiraan pendapatan dari tiket masuk US $1,208,790/ tahun atau Rp14,50 milyar/tahun. Sementara itu rataan WTP responden wisatawan nusantara Rp40.650, dan nilai ekonomi lingkungan ekowisata serta perkiraan pendapatan dari tiket masuk Rp883.202.550. Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi nilai WTP, adalah pendidikan, pendapatan, jumlah tanggungan keluarga, keaktifan dalam organisasi lingkungan dan pengetahuan tentang ekowisata.

Kerinci Seblat National Park (TNKS) is a conservation area which the rich in biodiversity that has been recognized internationally as a World Heritage Site. Based the Act Number 41 of 1999 years, that the supervision of TNKS implemented by the government while respecting the indegineous people. However, TNKS protection is often overlooked. There are many problems in to the protection the TNKS, such as illegal logging, burning and destruction of the ecosystem in the TNKS area. Cause of that, goverment mush be to make the rule about the protection of TNKS with the suistanable development concept.

Kebijakan pemerintah dalam pengelolaan kawasan hutan Gunung Merapi adalah dengan melalui pembentukan sebagai taman nasional yang berfungsi lengkap meliputi fungsi perlindungan sistem penyangga kehidupan, pengawetan keanekaragaman hayati dan ekosistemnya serta pemanfaatan secara lestari sumberdaya alam hayati dan ekosistemnya. Masyarakat sekitar Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi (TNGM) sebagian besar merupakan masyarakat petani dan peternak yang mempunyai ketergantungan akan sumber daya hutan yang mempengaruhi persepsi masyarakat akan keberadaan taman nasional. Pengelolaan taman nasional memerlukan peranserta masyarakat dimana telah terdapat keterikatan yang kuat dalam hubungan sosial budaya dan ekonomi antara masyarakat dan keberadaan hutan itu sendiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui 1) tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat tentang TNGM, 2) persepsi masyarakat tentang TNGM 3) peranserta masyarakat dalam pengelolaan TNGM serta 4) mengetahui pengaruh tingkat pendidikan, tingkat pengetahuan, tingkat ekonomi serta jarak tempat tinggal dengan batas TNGM terhadap persepsi dan tingkat peran serta masyarakat dalam pengelolaan TNGM.Subyek penelitian ini adalah 120 Kepala Keluarga di Desa Umbulharjo, Kecamatan Cangkringan, Kabupaten Sleman. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survei dengan pengambilan sampel secara systematic random sampling. Kuesioner dipakai sebagai alat bantu untuk mengukur tingkat pengetahuan, tingkat ekonomi, tingkat persepsi dan tingkat peranserta. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan analisis uji korelasi variabel-variabel penelitian.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat tentang pengelolaan TNGM, 44,2% dari responden dalam kategori sedang dan 48,3% dari responden dalam kategori tinggi. Apabila dirinci dalam 3 isu utama pengetahuan maka pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai status dan manfaat mayo­ritas dalam kategori sedang (50%), pengetahuan mengenai kondisi TNGM mayoritas tinggi (56,7%) dan mengenai pengelolaan mayoritas tinggi (54,2%). Tingkat persepsi masyarakat mengenai pengelolaan TNGM (dirinci dalam tiga isu utama: mengenai status dan manfaat, kondisi TNGM dan pengelolaan TNGM) dalam kategori sedang atau cukup positif (74,2%). Analisis persepsi menunjukkan tingkat pengetahuan berpengaruh positif terhadap persepsi masyarakat (r=0,406, p=0.000, p

Birds are one of the biological wealth owned by Indonesia. The structure of the lower strata of bird communities in tropical areas represent a very good system to see the difference in sensitivity between species for habitat variation in different scales. This study was conducted in January 2013 using the method of net Mist (mist nets) in the Kerinci National Park (TNKS). Birds that are found as many as 21 species to 83 people only order passerines with six families. The diversity of birds affected by many factors diantarannya abundance of epiphytes, an abundance of fruits, the openness of the forest floor and tree species composition. Generally mountainous forest area will have a relatively high number of species ang. Key word: Undestory, Birds, TNKS

Banyak pihak masih meragukan nilai masyarakat terkait hutan alasan bahwa masyarakat lokal itu adalah perusak hutan, tidak dapat membatasi konsumsinya terhadap sumberdaya hutan dan dipandang sebagai masalah dalam konservasi sumberdaya hutan. Akibatnya, kebijakan pengelolaan hutan yang melibatkan masyarakat masih menjadi bahan perdebatan, utamanya dalam pengelolaan kawasan konservasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan memberikan gambaran tentang preferensi dan motivasi masyarakat lokal terhadap pemanfaatan sumberdaya hutan di kawasan Taman Nasional Lore Lindu (TNLL) provinsi Sulawesi Tengah. Penelitian ini menerapkan metode survei, yang dilaksanakan pada dua tipe komunitas masyarakat lokal di sekitar TNLL yakni masyarakat desa homogen dan masyarakat desa heterogen. Data preferensi pemanfaatan hutan diperoleh melalui metode skor dengan menggunakan distribusi kartu yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat lokal, sedangkan data motivasi diperoleh melalui wawancara kepada masyarakat menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai preferensi kegunaan hutan yang tertinggi bagi masyarakat lokal adalah kegunaan hutan untuk perlindungan dan pengaturan air. Nilai tertinggi preferensi kegunaan hutan di zona rimba kompatibel dengan tujuan pengelolaan TNLL, sedangkan di zona pemanfaatan dan zona rehabilitasi masih ditemukan nilai preferensi yang tertinggi yang tidak kompatibel dengan tujuan pengelolaan TNLL. Masyarakat lokal yang bermukim di sekitar TNLL tidak hanya memiliki motivasi atas dasar kebutuhan material yang tinggi terhadap sumberdaya di TNLL tetapi juga memiliki motivasi sosial yang tinggi dan bahkan memiliki motivasi moral yang sangat tinggi. Dengan demikian, masyarakat lokal itu perlu dilibatkan dalam pengelolaan taman nasional melalui pengaturan institusi yang tepat. ABSTRACT Many people still doubt the value of local community related to forest, because they think that the local communities are destroyers of the forest, can not limit their consumption to forest resources and become a problem of forest resource conservation. Consequently, forest management policy involving the local community is still a subject of debate, especially in the management of protected areas . This research aims to provide an overview of the preferences and motivations of local communities to use forest resources in Lore Lindu National Park (LLNP), Central Sulawesi province. This research applied a survey method and was conducted on two types of local communities around the village community LLNP - homogeneous and heterogeneous village communities. Data on forest utilization preferences were obtained through the scoring method using the distribution of cards conducted by local communities, while data on motivation were obtained through interviews to local communities using a questionnaire. This study showed that the highest preference for local community forest use was the uses of forest for protection and regulation of water. The highest value of preference for local community forest use in wilderness zone was compatible with the objectives of LLNP, while in utilization zone and rehabilitation zone , it was still found the highest value of preference for local community forest use which was not compatible with the objectives of LLNP. The Local communities were not only motivated based on high material needs of resources in LLNP but they also have a high social motivation and even they have a very high moral motivation. Therefore, the local communities should be involved in the management of national parks through the appropriate institutional arrangements .

Konflik di Taman Nasional Tesso Nilo (TNTN) melibatkan banyak aktor, skneario dan kepentingan yang mengancam keberadaannya sebagai kawasan yang bertujuan mengkonservasi ekosistem bagi kelangsungan hidup gajah Sumatera. Kajian ini menemukan signifikansinya ketika dapat mengurai para aktor dan dapat memberi salah satu pendekatan dalam mengelola relasinya melalui metode power stakeholders analysis (PSA). Atribut aktor yang menentukan posisinya pada kuadran kartu PSA ditentukan melalui focus group discussion (FGD). Hasil studi menunjukkan aktor yang terlibat pada konflik ini adalah : TNTN, masyarakat setempat, masyarakat pendatang, pemodal kebun sawit, koperasi, oknum aparat, pemerintah daerah, penegak hukum dan lembaga swadaya masyarakat (LSM). Balai TNTN, pemerintah daerah dan penegak hukum berada pada kuadran dengan karakteristik pemangku kepentingan yang mempunyai kekuasaan (power) dan potensi tinggi. Pemangku pada kuadran ini dapat melakukan kolaborasi dalam rangka memperkuat pengelolaan. Pemodal kebun sawit, Badan Pertanahan Nasional (BPN) dan LSM merupakan aktor yang mempunyai power tinggi namun potensi rendah. Manajemen relasi yang dapat ditawarkan adalah TNTN dapat mengambil kebijakan bertahan dari pemodal kebun sawit untuk menanamkan investasinya di kawasan TNTN dan mengambil tindakan mitigasi dampak dari LSM dan BPN yang berbeda perspektifnya. Masyarakat setempat dan masyarakat pendatang mempunyai potensi tinggi namun mempunyai power rendah. Pihak TNTN dapat meningkatkan kapasitas mereka untuk melibatkan mereka.

Alih fungsi sebagian kawasan hutan di Kabupaten Maros sejak tahun 2004 menjadi kawasan Taman Nasional Bantimurung Bulusaraung (TN Babul) membawa konsekwensi terhadap aktivitas masyarakat dalam kawasan TN Babul yang telah berlangsung secara turun temurun. Keberadaaan masyarakat dengan segala aktivitasnya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup dalam kawasan TN Babul perlu mendapatkan perhatian dan dipertimbangkan untuk diakomodasi oleh pengelola kawasan TN Babul dengan tetap mempertimbangkan kondisi ekologi kawasan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan merumuskan strategi akomodasi kepentingan masyarakat yang sesuai untuk kondisi kawasan TN Babul. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui kegiatan wawancara dan pengisian kuesioner kepada sejumlah informan pakar, serta studi literatur. Data dianalisis menggunakan analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa faktor utama yang perlu dipertimbangkan dalam mengakomodasi kepentingan masyarakat adalah tingkat ketergantungan masyarakat terhadap kawasan TN Babul. Berdasarkan faktor utama tersebut maka strategi akomodasi kepentingan masyarakat yang sesuai untuk kondisi TN Babul adalah dengan melakukan pengelolaan kolaborasi. Balai TN Babul sebagai motor penggerak pelaksanaan strategi tersebut harus mulai menjalin komunikasi dan koordinasi dengan berbagai stakeholder sebagai salah satu syarat terlaksananya strategi tersebut.

Penelitian manajemen konflik banteng dengan masyarakat sekitar Taman Nasional Meru Betiri (TNMB) dan Taman Nasional Alas Purwo (TNAP) telah dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2009 sampai Desember 2011. Tujuan penelitian untuk memformulasikan manajemen konservasi banteng secara kolaboratif. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh dan kepentingan para pihak dilakukan analisis stakeholder melalui wawancara dengan para pihak terkait konflik yaitu Perum Perhutani, Perkebunan Bandealit, Balai Taman Nasional Meru Betiri (BTMB), Balai Taman Nasional Alas Purwo (BTNAP) dan masyarakat.Teknik AHP dipakai untuk menilai persepsi pakar, analisis SWOT digunakan dalam penentuan strategi untuk implementasi program kegiatan dan analisis tingkat comanagement. Stakeholders yang mempunyai pengaruh dan kepentingan terhadap pengelolaan TN dan banteng adalah BTNMB, LSM KAIL, masyarakat dan Perkebunan Bandealit, sedangkan di TNAP yaitu BTNAP, LSM binaan KAIL, masyarakat dan Perum Perhutani. Stakeholder tidak terkait konflik, tetapi dapat berkontribusi dalam pengelolaan kolaboratif konservasi banteng yaitu Balai Besar Inseminasi Buatan (BBIB), Dinas Peternakan, Dinas Pertanian, Dinas Kehutanan dan Dinas Pariwisata. Hasil analisis menunjukkan prioritas program yang dapat dikolaborasikan dalam konservasi bantengadalah peningkatan kualitas habitat (instruktif), pengembangan penangkaran (kooperatif), pengembangan ekowisata (advokatif), pengembangan tanaman obat dan buah (kooperatif).

This paper discusses about economics adaptation strategies among Bugis’s fishermen in Batulawang, Kemujan, Karimunjawa. This region status has been changed since 1980s as a Marine Nature Reserve, and later became a National Park in the 1990s, it has led to significant changes socially and economically. A zonning enforcement conducted by the Karimunjawa National Park has been affected on gaining access of economic and livelihoods, it is forced people to adapt. There are several forms of economic adaptation strategies are executed, the faithful in fishing activity by modifying fishing gear and run the new economic activities related to the potential marine tourism in the region.

The growth of tourism is affected by the level of satisfication from the visitors towords the existence of tourism facilities. The aim of this research is to know the visitors perspective towards the tourism facilities at Elephant Training Center of Way Kambas National Park. The data taking can be done by doing interviews, observation and literatures. The collected data will be analyzed descriptively based on physics, cleaniness and comfort condition. The result of research shows that the visitors perception towards the tourism facilities is enough. This is not apart from the condition of facilities that are less well meintained and even damaged, such as toilets, bins, attractions arena and playground; although the qality and quntity is sufficient for the needs of tourist. The national park party needs to add the amount and improve the facilities so it can support the management of the area and improve the amoun of visitors.

Study on the interaction and its effects between sumateran elephants and Kuyung Arang’s local people, Tanggamus was conducted in October-December 2014, direct and indirect observation, by questionnaire was applied. Amensalism is the interaction found between sumatran elephants and local people of Kuyung arang. Negative impacts include harvest fail (29,58%; n=21), crop (60,56%; n=43), and hut (9,86%; n=7) destruction. Key word: Sumatran elephant, interaction, local people, Kuyung Arang, Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park

The utilization of cajaput tree species for cajuput oil production in the Wasur National Park (NP) should be supported by accurate data and information. It becomes important because uncontrolled exploitation can lead to disruption of the national park function. This study aims to determine the spatial distribution of three cajuput tree species, i.e Asteromyrtus symphyocarpa, Melaleuca cajuputi and Melalueca viridiflora existed in Wasur NP region. The results of this study showed that, in general, the distribution of those three cajuput oil species mostly in Yanggandur area. They are mainly concentrated around the Yanggandur village, Mbembi village, Wasur village and Sota village. Those species were mostly found around wamps, especially in the Sermayam, Rawa Buaya and Rawa Biru. The total area of those three species was 103,011.75 ha, which was dominated by A.symphyocarpa (8.30% of the total area of the NP), followed by M.cajuputi (8.27% of the total area of the NP) and M.viridiflora (7.03% of the total area of the NP). In general, A. symphyocarpa dominantly grow on type of Kambisol soil, where as M.cajuputi and M.viridi flora dominantly grow on soils type of Kambisol and Gleysol.

Understanding the effect of altitude on trees and stand attributes of tropical forests is crucial for the development of effective management and conservation strategies. However, study on this issue in Mount Ciremai National Park is still lacking. A total of 136 plots were set on the eastern slope of Mount Ciremai in Mount Ciremai National Park and investigated in six different altitudes: 500 m a.s.l., 840 m a.s.l., 1,300 m a.s.l., 1,400 m a.s.l., 1,780 m a.s.l., and 2,530 m a.s.l. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of altitude to trees and stand attributes i.e. species and family richness, tree density, basal area, and tree biomass. The changes on trees and stand attributes to altitudinal gradient were analyzed using regression analysis. The result showed that tree species number, family number, tree basal area, and tree biomass significantly declined with increasing altitude, meanwhile tree density significantly increased with increasing altitude. These findings indicate a distinct effect of altitude on tree and stand attributes in Mount Ciremai National Park.

One of the missions of Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park (Taman Nasional Bantimurung Bulusaraung – TN Babul) is to develop institutional and partnership/ collaboration in natural resources and ecosystems management. In terms of developing a collaborative management in TN Babul, collaborative activities of TN Babul should be implemented as the mission has been set. This study aims to provide an overview of the collaborative management foundation that has been built in realizing the mission of collaborative management of TN Babul. The data was collected through interviews with key informen such as village and district staffs, community leaders, related stakeholders, and lecturer of Hasanuddin University. Data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive models. The results showed that the foundation of collaborative management of TN Babul such as networking, coordination, and collaboration with other stakeholders, has not been well established. This condition affected the successful in achieving the mission.

The purposes of this study were: (1)to describethe change of mangrove forest cover along the coast of East Lampung Regency using Landsat data for 1973, 1983, 1994, 2004, and 2013; (2)todetermine triggering factors that occur in the coast of East Lampung Regency during the years 1973-2013 related to the mangrove forest change. The methods used in the study are spatial analysis and qualitative descriptive method. The study was conducted along the coast of East Lampung Regency over period of October 2013-March 2014.The result shows that: in 1973-1983 increased by 2.541,22 ha, in 1983-1994 decreased by 4.903,54 ha, in 1994-2004 decreased by 6.377,11 ha, in 2004-2013 decreased by 3.059,23 ha. The related factors that occur in there werechanges in the status management area is happening in Way Kambas National Park (TNWK), there were people migration into Labuhan Maringgai that cutting mangrove, there were fishermen activity in TNWK, transmigration program in Labuhan Maringgai, and land clearing into ponds in Pasir Sakti, the local government issued a regulation:Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Lampung Timur Nomor: 03 Tahun 2002 (Rehabilitation of Coastal, Coastal and Marine in East Lampung regency), and many mangrove conservating program organized by Lampung Mangrove Center (LMC) in Labuhan Maringgai and mangrove conservator group (Mutiara Hijau I) in Pasir Sakti.

One of nature conservation area in Indonesia is a Way Kambas National Park (WKNP). Ecotourism activities in TNWK located in Elephant Conservation Center (ECC), which success is determined by the satisfaction of visitors. The purpose of the study was conducted in May-June 2013 were to (1) determine factors of visitor satisfaction (2) determine the strategy of increasing visitor satisfaction at the Elephant Conservation Centre Way Kambas National Park. Survey methods used to conduct interviews with 98 respondents. The data used (1) characteristics of the attractions include service, cleanliness, facilities support and collection activities, (2) characteristics of visitors include visitor origin, sex, age, distance, duration of visit, number of visitors, education, motivation visit (tourist), the type of group (group), and the activity of visiting (see or ride an elephant). The model was used to determine the chances of qualitative factors that influence visitor satisfaction. Optimization parameters used software Minitab 16. The results showed that the significant factors of visitor satisfaction are distances, services, duration of visit and college and that does not include the effect is not real visitor origin, sex, age, number of visitors, motivation visit (tourist), the type of group (group), the activity of visiting (see or ride an elephant) hygiene, supporting facilities and collection activities. For visitor satisfaction improvement strategies by improving the attractiveness of the object ecotourism, ticket services, security, additional variations tourist attractions, and the addition of facilities and supporting infrastructure for the convenience of visitors. Tourist attractions, improvement and addition the facilities and supporting infrastructure for the convenience of visitors.

Land cover at Pugung Tampak Forest in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park changing rapidly where forested area has been declined widely . Human activities such as land clearing , illegal logging , and agriculture is the ultimate cause of such deforestation in the region of Pugung Tampak Forest .R emote sensing and GIS techniques were used to monitor and evaluate any changes in land cover during the period of 1973-2011 . This study aims to determine land cover change in 1973 , 1997, 2002 and 2011 and to find out the land − cover change occured in Pugung Tampak Forest. This research was heldin January − September 2012. The data were collectedfrom usgs.glovis , direct observation in the field , interviewed with respondents and literature study .The data were analyzed by using Erdas 9.1 and Arcview 3.2 software .It was identified that most of the land cover in the Pugung Tampak Forest has been changed .During the period of 1973 − 2011 primary forest decreased about 8.737,87 ha (61,5%). The most of primary dry land forest was changed into bare land as much as 411,53 ha (23,9%) , so the bare land in 2011 has increased from 82,6 ha to 4.998,43 ha (29,2%) . Secondary dryforest land decreased by 389,89 ha (27,5%), dry land farming is increasing wide spread 4.642,58 ha (32,7%) and no data 430,62 ha (3,0%) . Key words: classification image , land covering cha n ge Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}

Land cover changes in Way Kambas National Park (TNWK) changes rapidly. Data on changes in land cover in 1996, 2002 and 2010 in TNWKanalyzed by using remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Analysis also includes changes in land cover in each zoning park management. The research was conducted in June-September 2012 at the Way Kambas National Park. Data collected in the form of Landsat ETM + and TM (1996, 2002, and 2010), field verification points, and attribute data in the form of zoning. Spatial data processed with ERDAS imagine software version 8.5 and Arc View version 3.3, while the data is processed by descriptive attributes and analyzed qualitatively. Land cover types in the Way Kambas National Park is divided into 9 classes of forest, wetland forests, wetlands, shrubs, reeds, open land, water bodies, lading, and no data (cloud and cloud shadow). The largest land cover on the forest zone and the intensive use of coarse grass while special conservation zone and the core zone has the largest forest cover in the form of forest. Keyword : GIS , land cover, Way Kambas National Park Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE

Sumba Cockatoo is an endemic bird and critically endangered in the island of Sumba. The population was declined drastically due to habitat degradation and illegal hunting. Management habitat activities such as enrichment important vegetation for Sumba Cockatoo has been made as in situ conservation ways. The purpose of this study was to determine the composition, preference and distribution of feeding plant species of Sumba Cockatoo at Laiwangi Wanggameti National Park. Vegetation analysis was made to know habitat characteristics by quadrat method with double compartment, with amount of 20 unit per location. The feeding preference was analyzed by Neu’s Method. The result showed that a total of 14 species were identified as food plants of the Sumba Cockatoo. The feeding plant spread uniformly at Praingkareha Forest Block and clumped at Billa and Mahaniwa. The most preferred food plant by Sumba Cockatoo were Lamo (Melia azedarach), Kayarak (Quercus piriformis) and Kepapang (Phaseolus lunatus) . All three have clumped distribution pattern.Keywords : Composition, preference, feeding, sumba cockatoo

Tarsius is one of the protected and endegered species. This study aims to examine the behavior of Tarsius fuscus in captivity in Patunuang, Batimurung Bulusaraung National Park, South Sulawesi Province. The observations were made from March until October of 2011, with 6 periods of observation and each the observations made during of three days from 15:00 pm until 8:00 am. The observations were not done during the day because Tarsius don't present any activity during daylight. The observed behaviors were ingestive, allelomimetic, agonistic, shelter-seeking, grooming, eliminative, playing, and resting behaviors. Observations indicated that the behavior of Tarsius which has the highest proportion was playing, followed by allelomimetic and rest behavior.Keywords : Daily behaviour, Tarsius fuscus, Captivity, Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park