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Permasalahan kesulitan keuangan yang bisa menyebabkan kebangkrutan terjadi pada industri penyamak kulit di Sukaregang-Garut. Kondisi ini terlihat dari menurunnya jumlah industri penyamak kulit. Disisi lain jumlah industri penyamak kulit yang menggunakan fasilitas pinjamann dengan sistem bunga jumlahnya semakin meningkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi keberlanjutan industri penyamak kulit dengan struktur modal pinjaman sistem bunga. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode wawancara dan data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis kebangkrutan Altman Z-Score . Rasio Modal Kerja Terhadap Total Asset (X1), Rasio Laba di Tahan Terhadap Total Asset(X2), Rasio Laba Terhadap Total Asset (X3) dan Rasio Equitas Terhadap Hutang (X4) semakin menurun dengan semakin meningkatnya struktur modal pinjaman sistem bunga. Jumlah pinjaman dengan sistem bunga tidak mempengaruhi nilai Rasio pendapatan terhadap total asset (X5). Rasio Pinjaman di atas 50 peresen pada industri penyamak kulit akan menurunkan potensi keberlanjutan usaha atau menaikan potensi kebangkrutan

The alkyd resin industry currently needs environmentally friendly raw materials, which emphasized the aspect of sustainability. Alkyd resin is a polymer product with oil as raw material which is widely used in the paint, coating, and other industries. The abundant demand for alkyd resin has led to a diversification of the raw material for alkyd resin from vegetable oils. The advantages of vegetable oil include being a renewable energy source for industry, sustainability, biodegradability, and being environmentally friendly as important considerations for the industry in recent times. This paper examines alkyd resins derived from several vegetable oils that are environmentally friendly. Alkyd resin is prepared by alcoholysis and esterification. Based on several studies of alkyd resins, there have been many modifications to the raw materials, technology, and catalysts used which can refer to an environmentally friendly and affordable industry. Keywords: alkyd resin; biodegradability; environmentally friendly; sustainability; vegetable oil A B S T R A K Industri polimer pada masa ini membutuhkan bahan baku yang ramah lingkungan, yang menekankan pada keberlanjutan. Alkid resin adalah salah satu produk berbasis minyak yang banyak digunakan dalam industri cat, coating, dan industri lainnya. Keberlanjutan, biodegradabilitas, dan keramahan terhadap lingkungan menjadi pertimbangan signifikan bagi industri berbasis minyak nabati dalam beberapa waktu terakhir. Di dalam naskah ini, diulas beberapa minyak nabati yang digunakan untuk memproduksi alkid resin dengan cara alkoholisis dan esterifikasi. Berdasarkan berbagai studi yang telah dilakukan, masih terdapat modifikasi dari sisi material, teknologi dan katalis agar tercipta industri yang ramah lingkungan. Kata kunci: alkid resin; biodegradabilitas; keberlanjutan; minyak nabati; ramah lingkungan

Leather is a product obtained from the conversion process of raw skin/hide into leather. The process generate a number of wastes with a high pollutant content, especially waste water. The waste contributes to the formation of carbon emission. Awareness on environmental sustainability also requires the industry to improve its production system to make it more eco-friendly. Improvements will increase production and the industry reputation. Before making improvements to the production system, it is necessary to carry out an analysis related to the carbon emissions produced in producing a product. The objectives of this study were to calculate carbon emission (carbon footprint) that generates in the leather tannery process and to give alternative strategy for the environmental improvement. The research used primary data and secondary data. This research was carried out with the processes identification, carbon emission sources identification, an analysis of the carbon emission potential amount, and a study of strategies to minimize carbon formation in the tannery. The results of the analysis showed that electricity and wastewater were sources of carbon in the production process of leather. The total of carbon emission formed in the leather tanning process was 1,692.17 kg CO2 eq per batch, where wastewater contributed more than electricity. Further analysis showed that 1 m2 of leather produced 8.08 kg CO2 eq of carbon. The strategies that can be taken to reduce carbon emissions are engineering processes, material substitution, and using eco-friendly materials.

The objective of this study was to design an agent model for forecasting demand for rubber-based automotive parts using the Agent Based Modelling and Double Exponential Smoothing (ABMDES) approach. Model design in rubber-based automotive spare parts forecasting using the integration of Agent Based Modelling (ABM) approach and Double Exponential Smoothing (DES) technique was done using agent design approach based on class diagram and definition function for each agent in mathematics models including DES-based forecasting. The ABM design has a structure consisting of an agent ID, an attribute to be calculated by the computer and function / process consisting of a function that has values ​​and voids (unstructured). Combining ABM and DES can guide us to see the forecast accuracy, monitoring the estimation of stock shortage and the excess of stock due to errors in DES forecast. Therefore, the Agent Based Modelling-Double Exponential Smoothing (ABMDES) approach is suitable for modelling the demand of rubber-based automotive parts in business simulation.

Indonesia is one of the producing countries of natural fibre commodities, both vegetable and animal fibres. Indonesia exports natural fibres and at the same time needs a large quantity of natural fibers which is satisfied by imports. The natural fibre user industry contributes as a source of the state revenue. This article waswritten descriptively through a literature review and an analysis of data on the potential and future of Indonesian natural fibres as raw materialsfor various industries. The results of this study indicatedthat natural fibre from Indonesia hadthe potential to be used as raw materials for various industries by increasing the quantity of supplies and their qualities; the uses of natural fibres are not only for conventional uses, but continues to grow with the development of science, technology and art to create innovations based on natural fibres and take awareness of the importance of environmentally friendly products; and natural fibres have good prospects or technoeconomically feasibile to be developedas raw materials for various industries.

Measurement of supply chain sustainability in the footwear industry is limited to measurements on craftsmen as footwear makers in the District and City of Bogor. The purpose of this study was to obtain a footwear industry supply chain sustainability index in the District and City of Bogor as an industrial centre in the West Java region. The method approach taken was Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) using Rapfish software. This study analyzed three dimensions, namely economic, social and environment. The indicators used for the economic dimension were net profit, sales targets, production capacity, labour income, product quality, market access, investment for the environmental improvement, research and technology development. Indicators measured for the social dimension were employment opportunities for the local workers, human reource skills, easiness access to health, use of equipment, work safety, workplace quality, air quality of production rooms, workforce training, number of products returned, and certification in the social field. On the environmental dimension, the indicators measured were the reduction in the amount of energy used, the use of environmentally friendly materials, the level of waste management, measurement and reduction of emissions produced, certification in the environmental field, use of materials from local suppliers. The results of measurement of the footwear industry sustainability indexes were less sustainable for the economic and social dimensions, whereas for the environment dimension indexed was not sustainable. In leverage analysis, indicators that influenced to increase the index for the economic dimension were market access and labour income, the social dimension were the quality of the production room air and the use of safety equipment, and the environmental dimension were the level of waste management, measurement and emission reduction.

Leather industry is known as industry that unfriendly to the environtment, since it produces a lot of wastes in its processes. The objectives of this study were to analyze material, energy and toxicity (MET) and to identify cleaner production strategies which can be applied in leather tannery. This study was survey research. The method used were purposive sampling, MET matrix, wastewater analysis, literature review, dan expert discussion. The study showed some chemical materials which used in processing were irritant, corrosive, and carcinogenic; wastewater of 29.5 m3and solid wastes of 1,749.14 kg. Hazardous pollutans in the waste water and solid wastes were sulfide, ammonia, and chrome. Ammonia-N produced in deliming and bating process was 4,701.48 mg/L. Cr6+produced in the retanning, dyeing and fatliquoring processes was 2.09 mg/L. Sulfide produced in liming process was 646.4 mg/L. Setting out was the highest step to consumed energy, namely 336.37 kWh from 632.08 kWh of total energy consumed. The result of identification showed there were some cleaner production strategies which could be applied in the leather processing. The priority strategies which could be applied were water control and water reuse.

The leather tanning industryis identical with eco-unfriendly due to the high production of waste. There are two type of solid waste, namely chromium-containing solid waste and chromium-free solid waste. This review discussed the latest studies that have been done in the utilization of chromium-containing solid waste, superabsorbent, and slow release fertilizer. Hydrolized collagen (h-collagen) is a major ingredient in this solid waste. H-collagen has the potential to be used as the second coating on the engineering of slow-release fertilizer so it has the power as superabsorbent (SAP). H-collagen has many reactive hydrophilic groups which can be modified to increase its hydrophilicity thus replacing synthetic polymers in theSAP manufacturing. The separation of chromium from the solid waste is the first thing to do before the utilization of the collagen contained therein. H-collagen utilization from the solid waste of leather is expected to produce a natural SAP at a cheaper price and environmentally friendly.

Calophyllum seeds are potential to be used as raw material for vegetable oil production due to their high oil content (75.1% db). In addition, Calophyllum seeds contain resin consistingbeneficial phenolic compounds for health. In this study, Calophyllum seeds were extracted using hexane-ethanol mixture to investigate oil and resin yields and their physicochemical properties, and to obtain the best process condition in oil and resin production from Calophyllum seeds. Experiment was carried out using randomized complete design with threefactors, i.e. extraction times (5-7 h), temperatures (40-50°C), and hexane to ethanol ratios (2:4, 3:3 and 4:2). The result of variance analysis showed that extraction time and hexane to ethanol ratio affected significantly on oil and resin yields, density, acid and iod values, whereas temperature influenced only on oil yield, density and acid value. Best oil (58.2%) and resin (16.2%) yields were respectively obtained at 5h extraction time, 50°C temperature and 4:2 hexane to ethanol ratio, and 5hextraction time, 40°C temperature and 2:4 hexane to ethanol ratio. At these optimum conditions, the oil had acid value of 14.89 mg KOH/g, iodine value of 60.75 g iodine/100 g, viscosity (25°C) of 71.46 mPa.s, and density (25°C) of 0.86 g/cm3. On the other hand, the resin had acid value of 133.76 mg KOH/g.

Hemicellulose and lignin removal process or degumming of bamboo fibre using cellulase and xylanase was conducted. The objectives of the study were to obtain suitable type of bamboo used in the enzymatic degumming process and to determine the optimum xylanase concentration for the hemicellulose hydrolysis of the selected bamboo. The types of bamboos used in this study were yellow bamboo,ropebamboo,and black bamboo. The study was conducted by enzymatic hydrolyses of the bamboo fibres, and measuring the yield, cellulose content, hemicellulose content, and reducing sugar content. Fibre hydrolysis used the cellulase concentration of 25 U/g and xylanase concentrationsof 50 to 500 U/g. The result showed that yellow bamboo contained cellulose and hemicellulose contents which most susceptible to hydrolysis resulting in reducing sugars, and decreasing cellulose and hemicellule contents of 6.40 % and 12.71%, respectively. The optimum xilanase concentration for the yellow bamboohydolysis was 400 U/g which could hydrolyze hemicellulose by 54.31% in 24 hours.

The aims of this research were to investigate the characteristics of semen and testosterone levels based onthe different scrotum circumference size in young and adult Kejobong bucks. The samples in the study usedwere 35 Kejobong bucks, consisted of 20 young bucks (8 months-0.05). Similarlythe characteristics of semen and testosterone levels in adult Kejobong bucks of D1 andD2 groups were alsonot significant (P>0.05). These can be concluded that different scrotal circumference size of young andadult Kejobong bucks had similarity characteristics of semen and testosterone levels.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi lingkar skrotum dengan bobot badan, volume semen, kualitas semen, dan kadar testosteron pada kambing Kejobong muda dan dewasa. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret–Mei 2013 di Purbalingga, Semarang, dan Yogyakarta. Materi yang digunakan adalah 35 ekor kambing Kejobong jantan, terbagi atas 2 kelompok umur, yaitu muda 20 ekor (8–12 bulan) dan dewasa 15 ekor (13–24 bulan). Variabelvariabel yang diamati meliputi korelasi antar lingkar skrotum dengan bobot badan, volume semen, abnormalitas, konsentrasi, morfologi, spermatozoa hidup, dan kadar testosteron. Kadar testosteron dianalisis menggunakan metode Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat korelasi positif antara lingkar skrotum dengan bobot badan pada kambing Kejobong muda sebesar r = 0,60 (P

The objectives of this study were 1) to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the Mitra Tani Parahyangan (MTP) in its efforts to expand its export market, 2) to formulate strategies that could be utilized by MTP, 3) to prioritize the strategies that could be applied by MTP. Methodology employed included internal and external analysis and industrial analysis, SWOT matrices, followed by determination of decision priority using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Based on the result of external environment analysis, there were five opportunity factors and seven threat factors which became the strategic issues. Meanwhile, according to the result of internal environment analysis, there were four strength factors and five weakness factors which became the strategic issues. The result of EFE matrix showed that the company’s ability to respond to external factors was reasonably good in harnessing opportunities and avoiding threats. On the other hand, the result of IFE matrix showed that the company’s current internal position is weak. Through the matching of strategic issues within the internal and external environment, and seven alternative strategy formulations that can be applied by the company were generated. Collaborating with domestic forwarder agents is an alternative priority strategy chosen through AHP analysis tools. Keywords: AHP, SWOT, Tomato, OVOP Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah 1) mengidentifikasi kekuatan, kelemahan, peluang, dan ancaman Mitra Tani Parahyangan (MTP) dalam upaya mengembangkan ekspansi pasar ekspor, 2) memformulasikan strategi-strategi yang dapat dijalankan oleh MTP, 3) menentukan prioritas strategi yang dapat dijalankan oleh MTP. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan analisis internal eksternal dan analisis industri, matriks SWOT, dan pengambilan keputusan dengan Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Berdasarkan hasil analisis lingkungan eksternal didapati lima faktor peluang dan tujuh ancaman yang merupakan isu strategis. Pada lingkungan internal didapati empat faktor kekuatan dan lima kelemahan yang merupakan isu strategis. Hasil matriks EFE menunjukkan kemampuan perusahaan dalam mersepon faktor eksternal yang cukup baik dalam memanfaatkan peluang dan menghindari ancaman. Sedangkan pada hasil analisis matriks IFE menunjukkan bahwa posisi internal perusahaan saat ini lemah. Melalui pencocokan isu-isu strategis yang terdapat pada lingkungan internal dan eksternal perusahaan, dihasilkan tujuh rumusan alternatif strategi yang dapat dijalankan perusahaan. Menjalin kerjasama dengan agen forwarder dalam negeri merupakan prioritas alternatif strategi yang terpilih melalui alat analisis AHP. Kata kunci: AHP, SWOT, Tomat, OVOP

XYZ is a company engaged in the field of health care. Companies that grow and develop require the right business model in order to achieve their visions and missions. One business model that successfully changed the complex business concept to be simple and understandable is the Business Model Canvas (BMC) developed by Alexander Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur. The objectives of this research were to analyze business models of XYZ organization through business model canvas approach, to identify key factors as strengths and weaknesses affecting the operational of XYZ organization, to formulate a strategy design required for the development of XYZ organization. Out of the nine elements of BMC, four elements were selected as top priorities for the company to improve its business strategy i.e. the elements of key activities, customer relationships, customer segments, and revenue streams. The results of BMC also show that the management needs to improve its business model and strategy for future development of XYZ organization e.g. by adding outlets in strategic places, forming a marketing team, as well as holding periodic training of human resources to optimize HR function. Keywords: business model, health care, HR, BMC Abstrak: XYZ merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang pelayanan kesehatan. Perusahaan yang bertumbuh dan berkembang membutuhkan model bisnis yang tepat guna mencapai visi dan misi perusahaan. Salah satu model bisnis yang berhasil mengubah konsep bisnis yang rumit menjadi sederhana dan mudah dipahami adalah Business Model Canvas (BMC) yang dikembangkan oleh Alexander Osterwalder dan Yves Pigneur. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisa model bisnis organisasi XYZ melalui pendekatan model bisnis kanvas, mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor kunci yang menjadi kekuatan serta kelemahan yang berpengaruh dalam operasional organisasi XYZ, merumuskan rancangan strategi yang diperlukan untuk pengembangan organisasi XYZ. Hasil dari sembilan elemen BMC dipilih empat elemen yang menjadi prioritas utama perusahaan XYZ untuk memperbaiki strategi bisnisnya yaitu pada elemen key activities, customer relationships, customer segments, dan revenue streams. Hasil BMC juga menunjukan bahwa perusahaan perlu melakukan perbaikan model bisnis dan strategi guna pengembangan organisasi XYZ kedepannya, seperti menambah gerai outlet di tempat yang dianggap strategis, membentuk tim marketing, serta melakukan pelatihan SDM secara berkala untuk mengoptimalkan fungsi SDM. Kata kunci: model bisnis, pelayanan kesehatan, SDM, BMC

The objectives of this study were to illustrate the structure of the soybean supply chain, to identify the performance of the soybean supply chain, and to recommend improvements in the form of managerial implications. This research used descriptive analysis method, and the analyzer used in this research was Supply Chain Operation References (SCOR). This study used primary data and secondary data. The primary data were obtained from direct observations, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), in depth interviews, and questionnaire whereas the secondary data were collected from literature study, farmer group data and agricultural statistical data from the Agriculture Department and Ministry of Agriculture. Based on the analysis of the supply chain structure, it was illustrated that there are two major parts of the supply chain structure, i.e. the short structure in which the breeder group acts as the main distributor, and the long supply chain structure in which the distribution pattern starts from the agent and dealer prior to reaching consumers. In general, the performance of the soybean supply chain in Grobogan Regency is reasonably good as it can be seen from the orders delivered to the customers and the perfect and in time order fulfillment as well as the suitability of the product with the increasing qualification standard. The order fulfillment cycle also can be adjusted with stock availability, and the supply chain flexibility can still be optimized when there is a sudden order, and supply chain costs can be covered from the sales of soybeans. Keywords: soybeans (Anguilla spp.), SCOR, supply chain, Grobogan District