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This study investigated the prevalence of Aspergillus sp. in tilapia sold for consumption at Pasarean Village in Bogor District. A total of 50 fish were sampled for further investigation. The clinical signs of fish were eroded fins, gills, haemorrhages, and wounds. The presence of pathogenic fungi was confirmed through fungal isolation from the skin, gills, and cloaca and subsequent culturing on potato dextrose agar. Macroscopic and microscopic observations determined Aspergillus sp. The results showed that four Aspergillus species were identified i.e., A. terreus (2%), A. flavus (4%), A. fumigatus (42%), and A. niger (4%), with the occurrence of co-infection between A. fumigatus and A. flavus (2%); A. fumigatus and A. terreus (2%); and between A. fumigatus, A. flavus, and A. niger (2%) reported a total prevalence of 58%. Further study is necessary to mitigate the crucial impact of fungal diseases in aquaculture systems, leading to effective prevention and control strategies, thus ensuring the safety and sustainability of aquaculture practices in Indonesia.

Methyl methacrylate (MMA) has emerged as an essential industrial monomer. However, the toxic by-production and shortage supply of MMA in the global market has gained great attention. Herein, a one-step synthesis to produce MMA from isobutene via a direct oxidative esterification process has been demonstrated to curb the aforementioned downsides. Thermodynamic analysis via Gibbs free energy minimization method proved the feasibility of this route via the equilibrium constant. Despite tert-butanol and isobutane showed higher equilibrium constant than isobutene, they should be avoided. Isobutane is highly flammable while the precursor of tert-butanol is exorbitant. Thus, isobutene was selected for the equilibrium compositions screening. Isobutene conversion was 90% and 15% MMA yield at 700 °C and IBN: O2: MeOH ratio with 1:7:1. This route is mainly limited by the generation of side reactions from the reaction of CH3OH and O2. By varying the feedstock ratio at 1:2:1, the MMA yield increased to ~25%. Copyright © 2022 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

Charolais mixed breed, also known as Lembu Sado locally, is a quite new cattle breed in Malaysia. Lembu Sado usually been raised in certain states in Malaysia such as Terengganu, Kelantan, Pahang, and Johor. Consumer perceptions on Lembu Sado meat for consumption are being measures since Lembu sado meat become relevant as one of meat beef. This study aims to identify the level of consumer perception on Lembu Sado meat consumption and to determine the significant factor of consumer perception that influence Lembu Sado meat consumption. A Google form survey was distributed to 50 respondents across Terengganu, to test the hypotheses whether the perception factors such as psychological, sensory, and marketing factors had influenced consumer consumption of Lembu Sado meat. Descriptive analysis and factor analysis were employed in this study. The results indicated that leanness of meat, health, ethnicity and advertisement are the main factors that influence the consumption of Lembu Sado meat. The findings may help consumer to decide which variables they should consider when purchasing Lembu Sado meat and also give them a clear view on what to expect when consuming Lembu Sado meat in the future. Keywords: consumer perception, lembu sado, factor analysis, Terengganu

Previous studies more engaged to the level of technology leadership and the characteristics of technological leadership practiced by leaders in the school, while the factors of a more comprehensive which include facilities for ICT, competence, and commitment of teachers in the practices of applying ICT in the management which contributes a great impact on the management duties of teachers in schools has not been studied in Malaysia. The purpose of this study is to identify whether there is a positive relationship between technology leadership, ICT facilities, competence, commitment and practice of applying ICT teachers with effective management duties of teachers in schools using ICT. This quantitative study involves 370 teachers in secondary schools in the Kedah state which were selected randomly. The findings from the analysis of the study using the smartPLS show that there is a significant relationship between the leadership of technology by principals in school and the effectiveness of teacher-management tasks using computers in management tasks. Leadership that practices high technology leadership features will have a positive impact on the effectiveness of ICT integration within the organization. Further study can be conducted with integrating UTAUT model to identify critical factors that contributing technology leadership in schools.