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Indonesia government sets a minimum competency assessment to prepare students in Indonesia for the 21st century and one of thinking skill that students must has been critical thinking skills. This study aims to develop an instrument test to measure critical skill that students have which are which followed by the minimum competency assessment for elasticity and Hooke’s Law high secondary level. Furthermore, the instrument was developed on a research and development model and based on the development of an 8 steps test instrument by Mc Entire. The instrument test was validated by material experts who had been analyzed using Aiken V. This instrument tested on senior high school students and categorized as having a high reliability. Based on this, the measurement critical of thinking which is characterized by assessment competency minimum on elasticity and Hooke's law, in general can be done with this instrument. This research is beneficials as character-based essay tests to enhance critical thinking skills in high school students, focusing on elasticity and Hooke's law. It's intended as a tool to develop and refine these essential skills required for minimum competency assessments.

This research delves into the approximate relationship between the energy function (E) and the Hubble function (H) within cosmological. Utilizing the Friedmann equation, it establishes a link between the universe's scale factor and the Hubble function. Through Taylor series approximation, the study derives an approximation of the energy function, under specific assumptions and approximations. Asymptotic analysis investigates the behavior of variables y and s, shedding light on function limits and behaviors. The study incorporates an interactive 3D scatter plot visualization to elucidate the relationship between cosmological parameters and physical systems, aiding in a comprehensive understanding of dynamics. Practical recommendations emphasize increasing data points for accuracy and validating with observational data, while theoretical suggestions advocate exploring higher-order terms and considering additional physical factors.

The study aims to show that an inquiry-based approach develops pre-service teachers' experimental competency. The static-group pretest-posttest design, an experimental quantitative analysis method, has been utilized. The experimental group comprised 36 pre-service physics teachers, with 11 participants in the control group. Assessment of experimental competency levels included the PLIC test and an experimental competency test. The experimental competency of pre-service teachers is evaluated through video recordings, observations, learning products, and surveys conducted via Microsoft Teams. Following each experiment, pre-service teachers assess their achievement levels based on behavioral indicators in a rubric table, utilizing a 3-level behavior scale for self and peer assessment. Parametric and nonparametric tests were chosen for evaluating the research data after confirming normal distribution using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests (in the case of SPSS 20.0). The article’s main findings determined that an inquiry-based laboratory organizational procedure for each experiment in the General Physics Laboratory course to develop pre-service teachers' competency included two stages (stage 1 with six steps and stage 2 with four steps) under the pre-service teachers’ active self-discovery to perform learning tasks with three open levels of experiments. Within the scope of this article, we have given an illustrative example of applying this procedure for the experiment “Investigate the properties of collisions on an air track and verify the law of linear momentum conservation” in the General Physics Laboratory course for the second-year pre-service physics teachers. Furthermore, based on the test results along with survey findings and spider diagram analysis showed that this procedure developed relatively stable most of the behavioral indicators except for two behavioral indicators such as “Proposing ideas to improve experimental instruments” and “Proposed measures to reduce error” of pre-service physics teachers.

High-order thinking skills (HOTS) are part of 21st-century abilities. However, students still need help solving problems, especially in simple harmonic motion material, which several studies have proved to be relatively low in HOTS. Students' HOTS abilities will be trained with various learning strategies, such as a combination of teaching materials and learning models using technology. This study aims to develop an E-ILAU (Independent Learning Activity Unit Electronic) using PjBL (Project Learning)-STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) integrated with TPACK (Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge) to improve the HOTS of high school students on simple harmonic motion topics. This research and development adapts the ADDIE design with the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation stages. Data collection instruments and data analysis techniques in this study included a product validation questionnaire to determine product validity, an E-ILAU readability test questionnaire to determine product legibility before being tested, a learning implementation observation sheet to determine product practicality, and a topic of higher order thinking skills in Simple Harmonic Motion topics to find out the effectiveness of the product obtained from the pretest-posttest in terms of the results of the difference test, n-gain, and effect size. E-ILAU was implemented using a one-group pretest-posttest design. The results showed that the validity of E-ILAU was a very valid category, the readability of E-ILAU was outstanding, and the practicality of E-ILAU in learning was carried out by the lesson plan, which received a positive response from students. As well as the effectiveness of E-ILAU in the practical category of increasing higher-order thinking skills. The results showed that the PjBL-STEM-based E-ILAU integrated with TPACK was classified as valid, practical, and effective for improving the high-level thinking skills of high school students in Simple Harmonic Motion topics.

Integrating augmented reality technology in physics education provides students with a novel learning experience, requiring proficient skills and effective organization. PyLo-AR, a Marker-Based Augmented Reality (M-AR) mobile app, teaches atomic models (Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr). This study assesses PyLo-AR's user-friendliness using SUS and UEQ methods, involving highschool students. SUS scores indicate a satisfactory usability level (71). UEQ averages are 1.797 (Attractiveness), 1.700 (Perspicuity), 1.577 (Efficiency), 1.605 (Dependability), 1.941 (Stimulation), and 1.067 (Novelty). The category of the stimulation indicator is excellent, which means the PyLo-AR application is highly engaging for learners. The attractiveness, efficiency, and accuracy indicators are rated as "good," indicating that the PyLo-AR application is enjoyable and reliable in understanding the characteristics of each atom model through its 3D visualization features. Meanwhile, the clarity and novelty indicator categories are rated as "above average," suggesting that the PyLo-AR application is sufficiently efficient and easy to understand with an organized User Interface (UI). Thus, the PyLo-AR application has met the criteria for being a user-friendly application for learners to comprehend the characteristics of each atom model.

The process of learning science, especially physics, has often had problems. The problem that often arises so far in the field is how to teach teachers who still use conventional methods. This learning method has not been able to support the science learning process, which causes low science process skills in students. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the laboratory-based Blended-Project Based Learning (B-PjBL) model on students' science process skills. The research method used was quasi-experimental with a posttest control group design. The results of the hypothesis test using the t-test showed that the laboratory-based B-PjBL model has a positive effect on students' science process skills.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the gap in scientific literacy between male and female students in the subject of energy. This study involves junior high school students which differentiated by gender. The instruments used in this study were the 2006 and 2015 PISA tests, which consisted of nine questions and were analyzed using the Rasch model. The data was analyzed using the Wright map, person measure, item reliability, and DIF. The findings revealed no significant difference between male and female students' scientific literacy, even though male students' percentage results were more significant than female students. Therefore, this study shows no gender gap in students' scientific literacy in energy material. However, students have low literacy, with a logit of -0.51, so physics teachers must create teaching methods to improve students’ scientific literacy. This research is useful for providing information on the use of the Rasch analysis model to analyze gender gaps in students' scientific literacy, which has the potential to pave the way for the prevention of bias and the development of more effective strategies in achieving gender equality in science education.

Not all teachers have the ability to develop diagnostic instruments for misconception. Meanwhile, there is an urgent need to diagnose student misconceptions. Therefore, this research aims to carry out the process of adapting misconception-diagnostic instruments to wave and vibration materials. This study used a cross-sectional quantitative survey method. The adaptation process was conducted with 306 state high school students taking wave and vibration classes. Respondents were selected using convenience sampling techniques. 4WADI (Four-tier Wave and vibration Diagnostic Instrument) was translated into Indonesian, consulted with language experts, and assessed by material and evaluation experts to produce an instrument appropriate to the Indonesian cultural context. Before the empirical test was carried out, I-4WADI (Indonesian et al. and vibration Diagnostic Instrument) was tested for readability on 35 students. As a result, the I-4WADI has excellent readability. The validation results of six experts were analyzed using the Aiken V technique. A total of 25 items were used for expert validation. Empirical validation data were analyzed using the Rasch model. Review empirical validation from the aspects of item fit and unidimensionality. The analysis results show that I-4WADI has good quality based on validity and reliability. The infit MnSq values ranged from 0.81 to 1.40, and the outfit MnSq values ranged from 0.71 to 1.36. The instrument reliability value is 0.98. So, I-4WADI can be applied to high school students in Indonesia. These findings have practical implications for teachers who wish to diagnose students' misconceptions about waves and vibration.

Several previous studies have shown that misconceptions are related to student achievement or learning outcomes and several latent variables. Therefore, the research aims to determine the relationship between misconceptions, motivation, learning outcomes, and critical thinking skills in learning physics on Newton's law material. The approach used in this study is a quantitative descriptive approach with survey methods and correlational techniques. The subjects of this study were students of grade XI high school. The data collection instruments used in this study were multiple-choice four-level diagnostic tests, descriptive test questions, and questionnaires. The results obtained from regression analysis show that the correlation is very weak and insignificant in the positive direction between misconceptions and motivation. In contrast, the correlation is robust and significant in the positive direction between misconceptions and learning outcomes and between misconceptions and critical thinking skills. That correlation is weak and important in a negative (opposite) direction. Based on this study, it can be concluded that the relationship between misconceptions with learning outcomes and critical thinking skills significantly correlates with misconceptions. Motivation does not significantly correlate with misconceptions in learning physics on Newton's law material at SMA Negeri 1 Idi Rayeuk, Aceh, Indonesia.

Waves is one of the Physics materials that must be mastered and understood. Students need help describing the mechanism of wave movement, so it is necessary to develop a test instrument tailored to the scientific field of Biology. Therefore, the study aimed to develop a Wave conceptual knowledge test instrument that can be used to train and measure the mastery of Physics concepts of the Wave topic of Biology Department students that meet the instrument's feasibility, including content validity, reliability, and difficulty level. This research uses the 4D development model (Four-D models), which consists of four stages: Define, Design, Development, and Disseminate. Instruments-based feasibility is based on content validity, test reliability, and difficulty level. Based on the study results, the instruments developed were based on indicators of achievement of Physics competencies for Biology Department students. The content was adjusted to the field of Biology, namely the concept of waves in the human and animal hearing system. The test instrument met the criteria, namely content validity, test reliability, and difficulty level, so this instrument can be used to train and measure the physics concept mastery of Biology students. The wave topic adapted to the scientific field of Biology can help Biology students understand the wave concepts correctly.

Landslides are a significant hazard in mountainous regions, especially when influenced by construction activities such as tunnel excavation. In this paper, we aim to conduct a slope stability analysis as a result of tunnel blasts using quasi-3D subsurface models based on resistivity values. The study site is a construction area for the Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Train tunnel, located in a mountainous region undergoing drill-and-blast excavation. This excavation method makes the area susceptible to landslides, which pose a threat to settlements in the Padalarang subdistrict, West Bandung Regency, Indonesia. Data was collected along four lines in 2D, and the dipole-dipole array was used to enhance resolution. Data modeling was carried out using ResIPy v3.2.3 software to create 2D and quasi-3D subsurface models based on resistivity values. The study findings indicate that the study area exhibits three resistivity ranges: low resistivity (0-30 Ωm), medium resistivity (31-49 Ωm), and high resistivity (>50 Ωm). Utilizing quasi-3D imaging, we were able to identify the dimensions and presence of slip surfaces, which can be categorized as shallow (1.5-5 m) and deep (5-20 m) criteria. This study successfully applied the quasi-3D geoelectrical approach in a susceptible environment to detect potential landslide zones.

Bengkulu City is situated within a subduction zone where the Indo-Australian and Eurasian tectonic plates converge, rendering the area highly susceptible to seismic activity. This study employs the microseismic method to assess seismic vulnerability and the subsurface rock structure at the Dendam Tak Sudah Lake Flyover Construction Site in Bengkulu City, which encompasses a swampy region. The microseismic method used was an inversion of the horizontal to vertical (H/V) spectral ratio (HV-Inv) for determining the dominant frequency (f0), amplification factor (A0), seismic sensitivity index (Kg), and shear wave velocity (Vs). The findings reveal that f0 in the study area range from 2.16 to 7.53 Hz, A0 vary from 0.40 to 3.79, and Kg values span from 0.03 to 6.04. The sedimentary layers exhibit an average thickness of 5-10 meters, with some locations showing significantly thicker sedimentary deposits. Notably, the highest seismic susceptibility is recorded at point T8. The Vs values range from 185.19 to 539.49 m/s, which are inversely proportional to the Kg values and indicate soil classifications varying from soft to medium. The overall seismic risk in the study area is moderate. These results offer key insights into geophysical and geological conditions in Bengkulu City, crucial for earthquake mitigation.

We investigate rainfall variability in Indonesia using the Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) method. The analysis starts by taking three main modes of EOF results, namely EOF1, EOF2, and EOF3. The EOF1 region is southern Indonesia, from southern Sumatra to Timor Island, parts of Kalimantan, parts of Sulawesi, and parts of Irian Jaya. The EOF2 region is located in northwestern Indonesia and includes the northern part of Sumatra and the northwestern part of Kalimantan. The EOF3 region covers Maluku. This study aims to analyze the annual and inter-annual variability of rainfall in anticipation of the threat of hydrometeorological disasters. Based on the correlation value of the principal component (PC) with the dipole mode index (DMI) and Niño3.4 index, it has a period similar to El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). Rainfall in Indonesia is very sensitive to sea surface temperature (SST) in the southeastern Indian Ocean and the central Pacific Ocean, which means that rainfall patterns in Indonesia can change significantly if SST in the region changes.

Thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD) is widely used as a personal and medical dosimeter. Several TLD materials show the characteristics of mass energy absorption coefficient and energy response relative to ICRU (International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements) issue material as an equivalent material for human body soft tissue. This research aims to analyze the effect of Dy3+ dopant on the mass-energy absorption coefficient and relative energy response of Lithium Magnesium Borate (LMB) materials. The simulation was carried out using Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) software. Calculations based on simulation and theoretical results will be compared statistically using paired t-tests. The study showed that adding a Dy3+ dopant to TLD material made of Lithium Magnesium Borate (LMB) only affected the mass-energy absorption coefficient and relative energy response for low radiation energy. Adding Dy3+ dopant increased the mass energy absorption coefficient and relative energy response in a reasonably small value. Based on these results, LMBDy3+ produces a better mass-energy absorption coefficient value for TLD materials. The results of the statistical tests show a significant difference in the mass energy absorption coefficient value. At the same time, there is no significant difference between the simulation results and theoretical calculations for the relative energy response.

This study aims to investigate the impact of isopropanol on the optical properties of the Fe₃O₄/ZnO/GQDs nanocomposite. The synthesis of Fe₃O₄ and ZnO nanoparticles was conducted using the coprecipitation method, followed by the synthesis of GQDs using the hydrothermal method with varying concentrations of isopropanol. Subsequently, the Fe₃O₄/ZnO nanocomposite was combined with GQDs synthesized using the sonication method. The amalgamation of magnetic and luminescent materials holds promise for applications in the biomedical field, particularly in bioimaging. XRD data analysis revealed crystal structure alterations attributed to the incorporation of carbon elements in both ZnO and Fe₃O₄. The TEM results indicated a particle size of 16.2 nm for the Fe₃O₄/ZnO/GQDs nanocomposite with a 10 ml isopropanol variation. Identified phases from the XRD analysis include Fe₃O₄, ZnO, and GQDs. UV-Vis spectroscopy detected distinctive absorbance peaks at wavelengths of 323.7 nm, 333.0 nm, 329.9 nm, and 323.9 nm. Moreover, the energy gap exhibited an increase with escalating concentrations of isopropanol in the GQDs. Photoluminescence analysis yielded robust, broad emission bands characterized by orange and red luminescence.

We observed the effect of the La Niña phenomenon on the concentration of water vapor and ozone in the Indonesian region. This aims to the value of water vapor and ozone concentrations due to the La Niña phenomenon using Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) data from 2004-2022. The La Niña phenomenon was chosen because during La Niña, the sea surface temperature in Indonesia is warmer than normal, thus increasing the evaporation of sea water which result is an increase in the concentration of water vapor in the atmosphere. Concentration values are observed at altitudes of (25.7;30.5;35.3;40.1) km because there are trends in water vapor and ozone concentrations at these altitudes. The La Niña phenomenon is used to see anomalies in water vapor and ozone concentrations from their normal state. La Niña phenomenon is observed based on the ONI index. We found that during La Niña, the water vapor concentration increased from its normal state while the ozone concentration decreased from its normal state. These two concentration values were used to find trends using Mann Kendall and Sen's Slope methods. We found that the trend of water vapor concentration is statistically significant while the trend of ozone concentration is the opposite.

Indonesian households have widely embraced the prepaid electricity payment system. The system relies on electricity credits, with each electrical device consuming credits as a unit of measurement for energy usage. A common issue is the automatic cutoff of electricity supply when the credits are depleted. This research designed a smart power meter using Current Transformer and voltage sensors. The electrical token value is then stored in the Arduino's EEPROM before being transmitted to the NodeMCU. The NodeMCU transfers the data to Antares using the MQTT protocol to forward it to the subscriber, typically an Android device. The data sent to the Android application includes current, voltage, active power, frequency, cos φ, and electrical credits. The measurement of electricity consumption on a kWh meter involves subtracting the value of the input electricity token from the device-measured electricity usage. The device sends a WhatsApp message when the remaining credit exceeds 10 kWh. The prototype of the smart power meter demonstrates practical functionality, with the current sensor accuracy at 99.983% and the voltage sensor accuracy at 99.999%. The largest measurement difference of the electric credit balance between the PLN Meter and the prototype is 0.04 kWh over a test period of 72 hours.

Bio-coke organic waste Sago dregs and Patchouli waste are produced by the pyrolysis method. In this study, proximate analysis of bio-coke was carried out with different comparisons of the composition of sago dregs and patchouli waste. Making bio-coke begins with cleaning and then drying the sago pulp and patchouli waste under direct sunlight. The pyrolysis process uses an initial temperature of 110 0C which is maintained for 15 minutes. Then the temperature was set at 600 0C maintained for 15 minutes and cooled at room temperature. The quality of bio-coke was obtained from a proximate analysis consisting of the value of water content, ash, volatile matter, fixed carbon, and calorific value. The results showed that the highest calorific value was a composition ratio of 5:1, which was 8,727.84 Cal/gr, with the lowest moisture content, volatile matter, and ash content, namely 2.24%; 30.74%; and 3.69%, and the highest bound carbon content is 63.3%.

EH Librae [BD-00 2911; αJ2000 = 14h58m55.92s; δJ2000 = -0°56'53.01'] is a pulsating variable δ Scuti stars which is located in the constellation of Libra and has a period of 0.0884129 days. The aim of this research is to obtain and analyze the light curve, deduce the period, and derive the physical parameters of EH Librae. Observations were made using the ITERA Robotic Telescope 0.25m Ritchey-Cretian with CCD ATIK 383L+ on the BVR band. Aperture photometry was performed to measure the flux of EH Librae. Light curve was constructed using the differential photometry method, and the determination of the period was carried out using the Lomb – Scargle method. Secondary data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) is used as an addition to derive the physical parameters of EH Librae. The results of this study are the light curve of EH Librae on the BVR band with Magnitude, V = 9.506 – 10.071 ± 0.002. Using the index color = 0.271, we derived the = (7.7 ± 0.4) 103 K. O – C diagram shows no significant changes in the period. Derivation of physical parameters are = 2.12 ; = 1.4 ; and = 3.93 cgs was carried out using asteroseismology method with = 846 and = 51.9

Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lung parenkime caused by bacteria, viruses, and other infections. Generally, the detection of pneumonia can be done by analyzing the x-ray image of the thorax after the reported symptoms and recommendations given by the physician. Previous studies said that Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), part of Deep learning technology, can be used to analyze x-ray images. It also reported that this method could reduce independent parameters and handle the deformation of input images, such as translation, rotation, and scale. In this study, we report the implementation of CNN model VGG16 with varying epochs and pixels on chest x-ray images to classify pneumonia. The data used are 4000 x-ray images of the thorax taken from the Mendeley website. Final classification processes were done by using the softmax activation function. The results were tested using 20 batch sizes based on 2 image treatment parameters, namely resize and epoch. We reported that the higher image reduction size can increase the average calculation’s accuracy. It is found that the highest accuracy (87,54%) is obtained from the resizing of 300×300 pixels. The lowest average accuracy, 79.61%, is shown at a resize size of 100×100 pixels. The highest accuracy (94.39%) for the epoch variant on the resized image of 300×300 pixels is obtained on the 30th epoch

Rancang bangun sistem monitoring penggunaan daya listrik berbasis internet of things telah berhasil dilaksanakan. Perancangan ini bertujuan untuk memantau peralatan penggunaan daya listrik di laboratorium elektronika dan instrumentasi, program studi Fisika, ITSNU Pekalongan. Perancangan dimulai dengan merancang pusat dari sistemnya yang terdiri atas modul ESP32 dan sensor daya PZEM-004T, pusat sistem tersebut dihubungkan dengan terminal listrik. Monitoring pengunaan daya listrik melalui platform Thingsboard. Sistem saling terhubung melalui jaringan internet, sehingga dapat diakses dimanapun dan kapanpun. Pengujian sistem dilakukan dengan mengukur daya pada beberapa jenis peralatan elektronik dengan menggunakan sensor PZEM-004T. Kemudian data tersebut dibandingkan dengan data pengukuran menggunakan alat ukur yang sudah umum di pasaran, seperti multimeter dan wattmeter. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian yang dilakukan yaitu pembacaan data oleh sensor PZEM-004T cukup akurat dengan eror dibawah 5% jika dibandingkan dengan alat ukur yang sudah beredar dipasaran.

Stroke examination using a CT scan is a technique that produces 3D brain images without having to do surgery. The purpose of this study was to determine the dose received by each patient who underwent a CT-scan procedure and to improve the image quality of the results. Optimization of the dose for each patient is based on a comparison between the calculated SSDE value and the DRL in the form of CTDIvol and DLP, which are implemented in Indonesia. Improving the quality of CT-Scan images through digital processing using the segmentation method to determine the stroke area. The method used is K-Means segmentation. The results obtained for the SSDE value are the dose received by the patient which is higher than the dose issued by the device or the value. However, the SSDE, CTDIvol, and DLP values are still below the DRL standard range set by BAPETEN, so they are still within the safe inspection threshold. The average CTDIvol value, which is the output dose value of the device from 22 patients, was 41.84 mGy and the 75th percentile value was 42.7 mGy. The average DLP value is 1054.08 mGy.cm and the 75th percentile value of the DLP value is 964.13 mGy.cm. The average value of the SSDE value which is the value of the dose received by the patient is 43.39 mGy and the 75th percentile value is 42.440 mGy. Based on these results, the value of the dose received by the patient is higher than the value of the dose issued by the device. Segmentation using the K-Means method with the number of clusters k = 3 produces an accuracy of 86.3%. This means that the patient receives a dose of CT-Scan radiation within safe limits and his image can be processed properly, as evidenced by the high success of the segmentation process.

The geotectonic and geological conditions of the Tarutung region, which is crossed by the active Renun and Toru fault lines, cause the region to experience frequent earthquakes. Determination of the maximum ground acceleration (PGA) value is a very important method to see the vulnerability of the soil due to earthquakes in the region. This research uses the PSHA method with a probability of exceeding 2% PE for 50 years or a return period of 2500 years. The data used is earthquake data with a magnitude of 4.3 - 6.4 Mw and a depth of 10 - 250 km starting from 1971 - 2022. This data was obtained from two sources, namely the IRIS catalog and data from BMKG Geophysical Station Class I Deli Serdang. The vulnerability analysis obtained changes the value of peak ground acceleration in bedrock at the condition of T = 0 s (PGA), T = 0.2 s (short period), and T = 1 (long period) with a probability of exceeding 2% in 50 years in bedrock. The results of this study obtained maximum ground acceleration values of 0.3 g - 0.9 g for PGA (T = 0 s), 0.4 g - 0.9 g for a short period (T = 0.2 s), 1.0 g - 1.2 g for long period (T = 1 s). Areas with the highest ground acceleration values are located in Pahe Julu District, Pahae Jae District, and Simangumban District

Surface temperature information is important to study because it affects other climate parameters and has an impact on various sectors. This study aims to analyze the temporal and spatial variations of maximum surface temperature on Kalimantan Region during the period 2010 to 2020. The data used is Surface Maximum Temperature (SMT) in the form of a 0.5o x 0.5o grid from the Climate Prediction Center (CPC) NOAA PCL. The results of the temporal analysis showed that the highest monthly SMT values occurred in May (32.00o C) and September (31.75o C). While the lowest monthly SMT values were found in January (30.88o C) and July (31.40o C). The results of the annual SMT trend analysis show that the surface temperature in the Kalimantan Region has increased at an average rate of 0.03°C per year. This value is higher than the increase in global surface temperature (~0.02°C per year). Based on the results of spatial analysis, it was known that the distribution of SMT on Kalimantan Region tends to be stable in the range of 25o C to 35o C throughout the year. Spatial analysis of SMT in 2011 showed that low values (25o - 31o C) dominated South Kalimantan Province , while high values (33°C - 35°C) dominated West Kalimantan Province. The results of the 2019 SMT spatial analysis revealed a similar pattern to 2011. However, there was a significant increase in temperature compared to 2011, especially in the high SMT values observed in West Kalimantan and East Kalimantan Provinces.

Increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases have led to changes in extreme climate events. This study aims to describe the picture of climate change in the South Sumatra Region during the last 40 years, namely from 1981-2020. Rainfall and extreme temperature data were obtained from BMKG data for South Sumatra Province at the Palembang City Climatology Station (SK Palembang City) and the Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II Meteorological Station (SM SMB II). Maximum temperature data, minimum temperature and rainfall were obtained based on parameter profiles obtained from BMKG data for South Sumatra Province based on the ETCCDMI provisions. Maximum temperature data, minimum temperature and rainfall are processed with RClimDex software so that temperature and extreme rain index data are obtained. These indices are extreme climate indices consisting of TN90p, TX90p, TNn, TNx,TXx, TXx, TMAXmean, TMINmean, RX1day, RX5day, SDII, CDD and CWD. The results of this study indicate that the trend of air temperature will increase significantly in South Sumatra Province, especially the minimum air temperature, then the precipitation pattern will also increase, especially the accumulation of rainfall for 5 consecutive days. There is an increase in the number of dry days and a decrease in the number of wet days, as well as the higher accumulation of daily rainfall but the wet days are decreasing day by day. This is also increasingly having an impact on climate change in South Sumatra Province which is getting hotter day by day and the smoke disaster due to land and peat fires in South Sumatra Province is increasingly worrying.

Planning and analysis of infrastructure involving cylindrical shapes such as bridge platform pillars and offshore sea piping systems are needed to ensure user safety. This study aims to determine the effect of variations in cylinder diameter on fluid flow profiles with OpenFOAM software in laminar conditions with Reynolds numbers 60, 100, and 200. The computational domain used is a rectangle with a length of 32D and a width of 20D, where D is the cylinder diameter, which in this study is varied by D, 2D, and 4D. We placed the cylinder at a distance of 8D in the direction of the x-axis and a length of 10D in the direction of the y-axis. The simulation results show that variations in cylinder diameter affect the fluid flow profile, and the drag coefficient increases with increasing variations in cylinder diameter. In addition, variations in diameter also affect the formation of vortex structures as the Reynolds number increases.

Climate parameters such as temperature, humidity, and solar light intensity can affect various things in the environment and its components such as vegetation, animals, and humans. In this research, an internet of things (IoT)-based climate parameter measurement tool has been created. The use of IoT systems offers flexibility and ease of access for observers to conduct monitoring. The designed measuring instrument has been tested and compared with a standardized measuring instrument, namely the Mastech MS6300 Environment Multitester. The test results show accuracy values of 97.1%, 95.1%, and 87.2% for temperature, humidity, and sunlight intensity measurements, respectively. The results of the measuring instrument design are implemented in coastal areas (beaches). From the results obtained, the three parameters measured tend to be stable in the morning, afternoon, and evening. Meanwhile, during the afternoon the measured climate parameters are quite fluctuating. In general, the designed measuring instrument has been able to work well and is feasible to be implemented directly.

Lighting in the bedroom is important in maintaining the quality of children's sleep. At the age of 0-5 years, a child has a sleep duration of around 11-18 hours, so it is necessary to pay attention to the lighting in the bedroom so that children have quality sleep time. This study aims to determine the effect of lighting in the bedroom on the sleep quality of children aged 0-5 years. Samples were taken randomly with the age range of children 0-5 years with the criteria of children accustomed to sleeping with the lights off as many as 6 samples. The number of samples was adjusted to the availability of samples around the research site in Tinjomoyo village. Data collection techniques were observation and questionnaires. The parents of the sample filled out the observation sheets and questionnaires. The duration of data collection depends on how many times each sample wakes up during sleep at night, starting when the child falls asleep until 03.00 AM. The results showed that there was an effect of bedroom lighting on the sleep quality of children aged 0-5 years as indicated by a change in the child's total awakening, which is an average of 2 fewer awakenings during sleep from the lights on to the lights off.

The atmosphere is rich in positive ions, rendering it electrically more positive than the Earth's surface. This characteristic presents the atmosphere as a potential source of renewable energy through ion harvesting. This study harnesses the electrical properties by optimizing ion harvesting electrodes using pristine graphene and graphene-Au thin films to generate clean electricity. Research methods included Raman Spectroscopy and Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) to assess the surface characteristics and capacitance of the graphene samples, along with laboratory-scale ion harvesting simulations to evaluate the energy data produced in the ion harvesting process. The samples used in this study were identified as bilayer graphene, as confirmed by Raman Spectroscopy. CV testing yielded capacitance values of 0.40288 F for pristine graphene and 0.44879 F for graphene-Au samples. According to ion harvesting simulations, graphene-Au generated approximately 6.8 times more energy than pristine graphene and five times more energy than copper alone. The respective energy outputs for graphene-Au, pristine graphene, and pure copper were 1.376 mW, 1.157 mW, and 0.374 mW. These results demonstrate that adding a graphene layer to the atmospheric ion-harvesting electrode can optimize the electricity generation process.

This study aims to improve students' understanding of concepts for high school class X on topic of Work and Energy. This research is a quantitative research, a type of experimental research, namely Tru Experimental Design. The research design used pre-post test experiment design. Instruments used in research using assessment of students' concept understanding. The results of the study of concept understanding using the Blended Learning model are 0.69 and Conventional is 0.64 which both use PhET media and teaching aids. Blended Learning is slightly higher. The effectiveness of Problem-Based Learning between Blended Learning classes shows the average result of understanding student concepts is 84.08 and conventional classes show the average result of understanding student concepts is 82.11. The independent t-test analysis was -1.02 and the significant 2-tailed was 0.31, while the 0.05 study alpa showed 0.300.05. Significant results show that Blended Learning classes are more effective than conventional classes.

Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) is the interaction between pedagogy and content. PCK describes the ability of teachers to integrate knowledge of the content into their knowledge of learning and student characteristics that can guide the learning situation. Flash Player media is software used to stream and view video, audio, and multimedia on a computer or supported mobile device. The purpose of this research is to know the application of PCK strategy based on flash player media to increase the mastery of concept and student learning activity. The research method used is classroom action research. Data collection techniques are carried out through tests, observations and interviews during learning. From the research results obtained t count 16,087 t table 2,02 showing that the PCK strategy based on flash player media can improve the mastery of student concepts. The observation data in the experimental class shows that there is an increase in student learning activity. In general, the conclusion that can be drawn from this research is PCK strategy based on flash player media has positive effect in the case of the improvement of learning outcomes and student learning activeness

Noise is an unwanted sound from a business or activity at a certain level and at a particular time that can cause disturbances to human health and environmental comfort. Noise can cause psychological and physiological impacts. The Ind is one of the largest industrial areas in Bekasi Regency, West Java. This study aims to analyse the noise levels around the industrial area of Jababeka-Cikarang. This type of research is survey research with a quantitative approach. This study measures the sound intensity level in the Jababeka–Cikarang area, up to a distance of 20 km from the Jababeka – Cikarang area. Data analysis used descriptive analysis in the form of graphs. The study results show that the noise level in the Jababeka-Cikarang area exceeds the threshold set by the Threshold, which is 70 dB to 85 dB.

This Classroom Action Research (CAR) aims to improve learning outcomes and critical thinking skills of class X-K SMA Negeri 6 Semarang, through the application of adaptive teaching materials Global Warming Learning System. The learning model used is Problem Based Learning with group investigation method (cycle I) and Project Based Learning with product differentiation (cycle II). CAR is carried out in two cycles, where each cycle consists of four activities, namely action planning, action implementation, observation and reflection which adopts the Kemmis and Taggart models. Data collection techniques used in this study were observation, tests, questionnaires and interviews. Data analysis used a qualitative descriptive approach based on educational outcomes and improving students' critical thinking skills. The results show that there has been an increase in educational outcomes and critical thinking skills (pre-cycle to cycle I) and (cycle I to cycle II). Evidenced by the results of studying at first cycle, which was completed by 15 students (41.67%) and the students' critical thinking skills, the average 71.59% was high category. Meanwhile the educational outcomes of physics cycle II which were completed were 28 students (77.78%) and the ability to think critically with an average 78.88% was high category

Used oil waste is classified as hazardous B3 waste that poses a significant environmental threat. To address the hazards posed by used oil waste, synthesizing activated carbon as an adsorbent for used oil is necessary. This research aims to synthesize and characterize activated carbon from corn husk waste as an adsorbent material for used oil. The methods employed in this research include dehydration, carbonization, and activation using HCl and NH4OH. The structure was analyzed using XRD, UV-visible spectrophotometer, and Oswald viscometer, followed by variations in mesh sizes of 60 and 100 and the addition of PEG. Based on the research results, variations in 60 and 100 mesh have nearly identical X-ray diffraction patterns, with values of 2θ at 19.2074° and 23.0729° in the 60mesh variation, and 2θ at 19.1333° and 23.2161°, which are indicative of graphite diffraction patterns as they fall within the ~25° range and match the CIF 9014004 data for phase C Graphite with space group p6/mmm. In UV-Visible spectrophotometer testing, variations of 60 mesh without PEG, 100 mesh without PEG, 60 mesh with PEG, and 100 mesh with PEG showed absorbance values of 2.3, 1.58, 1.394, and 0.966, respectively, and viscosity values of 22.089, 20.089, 21.09, and 19.21 cP. The 100mesh sample with the addition of PEG is the variation that can effectively adsorb used oil.

The research aims to develop e-LKPD based on STEM on renewable energy material that can facilitate students in enhancing critical thinking skills. This e-LKPD was developed by using the Research and Development (R & D) method with the ADDIE development model which consists of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation stages. The feasibility of STEM-based e-LKPD is measured through validation involving 3 lecturers and 3 physics subject teachers. The enhancement of students' critical thinking skills was measured through data collection involving 35 grade X students. Students' response to the developed e-LKPD was measured by using a student response questionnaire. Based on the analysis results, it can be concluded that: 1) e-LKPD based on STEM is feasible to use when reviewed based on aspects of material/content, design, and language. 2) The enhancement of students' critical thinking skills obtained an N-Gain of 0.68 which means that learning using e-LKPD based on STEM can enhance students' critical thinking skills with a medium category. 3) STEM-based e-LKPDs received positive responses from students and received scores with good qualifications.

Technological advancements in education have enabled the development of more interactive and easily accessible learning media for students. One such innovation is the use of an Android-based PowerPoint application, which can be utilized both offline and online to enhance students' interest and engagement in learning. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of using an Android-based PowerPoint application, measure the responses of students at SMAN 1 Lenek to the application, and assess the differences in students' learning interest before and after using this learning media. The research employs a Research and Development (R&D) methodology, following six procedural stages: problem potential analysis, observation and assessment, design and development, product testing, revision, and implementation. Data were analyzed using the ideal standard deviation method and normalized gain. The ideal standard deviation method was employed to assess the validity of the instruments evaluated by media and material experts, as well as to measure the students' responses to the application. Normalized gain was used to determine the change in learning interest scores from questionnaires distributed before and after the learning process. The results of the study indicate that the developed Android-based PowerPoint application successfully increased the learning interest of 11th-grade science students at SMAN 1 Lenek, with a gain score of 0.225, categorized as low. The students' responses to the use of this application were very positive, with an overall average score of 4.4. This research successfully developed an Android-based PowerPoint application that can be accessed both offline and online, contributing positively to the improvement of learning quality.

This study aims to analyze the profile of scientific argumentation skills of preservice physics teachers in the context of written case studies and oral presentations through video-based microteaching learning. Data was collected from 15 preservice physics teachers participating in a microteaching course. Qualitative analysis of argumentation components (claim, reason, evidence, rebuttal, conclusion) revealed significant differences in argumentation skills between the two contexts. In written case studies, students demonstrated a relatively good ability to present evidence. However, they needed to improve in formulating claims and reasons. Meanwhile, in oral presentations, there was a significant increase in all components of argumentation, particularly claims, reasons, rebuttals, and conclusions. These findings have important implications for developing more effective microteaching learning to improve the scientific argumentation skills of preservice physics teachers.

The study aimed to analyze the specific dispositions that contribute to effective critical thinking among prospective science students. Utilizing a descriptive survey method, the study involved 52 participants from different universities, aiming to gather comprehensive data on their critical thinking dispositions. The research instrument, a structured questionnaire comprising 36 items derived from Ennis's critical thinking indicators, was validated and tested for reliability, ensuring its efficacy in measuring the intended constructs. The findings revealed that the overall critical thinking disposition of the students was predominantly below the critical threshold, with significant variability across different indicators. For instance, indicators such as seeking and offering clear statements and reasons scored relatively high, while others like taking into account the total situation scored lower. This disparity highlights the need for targeted interventions to enhance specific critical thinking dispositions. The study recommends integrating contextual and inquiry-based learning approaches, which have been shown to effectively foster critical thinking by engaging students in real-world problem-solving scenarios. Moreover, incorporating collaborative and experiential learning experiences can further nurture critical thinking skills, promoting deeper understanding and innovation. The research emphasizes the importance of developing specific disposition like open-mindedness to improve the critical thinking capabilities of prospective science teachers, ultimately enhancing their academic performance and preparedness to tackle complex scientific issues.

Radial Derivative Forward Modeling of Gravity Anomalies for Identification of Cylindrical Geological Features. The gravity method is a geophysical method with exploration costs that are quite cheap compared to other geophysical methods. This method is based on the density contrast of the target body with the surrounding. The cylindrical body is one of the targets among various other geological features. This research was conducted to test the ability of radial derivatives of gravity anomalies for targets in the form of cylindrical body. Radial derivatives consist of a first derivative and a second derivative. Forward modeling of cylindrical geological features is carried out analytically and with finite elements. Both calculations were carried out with a computer program based on Matlab. The results show that there is no difference in results either analytically or finite element wise. This method has been proven to be able to provide clear boundary positions on cylindrical geological features.

The mean ionization potential (I-value) is a primary determinant of the position of the heavy ion Bragg peak. To minimize their impact on beam range errors and quantify their uncertainties, the currently used I-values in Geant4 material database are revisited. The study aims at comparing set of I-values in different Geant4 versions and cross validation with PHITS Monte Carlo (MC) code. The Bragg curves of mono-energetic 290 MeV/u carbon ion beams in a Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) phantom were simulated using Geant4 versions 10.6.2 and 11.2.1. Similar beam energies were replicated using the PHITS code. The Bragg curves showed good agreement between the two versions of Geant4 MC code for an I-value of 74 eV, corresponding to G4_PLEXIGLASS in the material database. When the I-value was lowered to 65 eV and 48 eV, the Bragg curves from Geant4 version 11.2.1 shifted to shallower depths. This research provides insights for evaluating the Geant4 physics model.

This research is motivated by the importance of having 21st century skills, one of which is critical thinking skills. However, the facts show that students' critical thinking skills have not been fully realized optimally. Based on the results of preliminary studies and literature studies show that students' critical thinking skills are in the low to medium category. This research aims to enhance students' critical thinking skills through the implementation of STEM-PBL learning in the topic of temperature and heat. The research method used is quantitative research, specifically a pre-experimental design with the One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. This study involved 36 eleventh-grade students high school as the research sample. Data collection was done through a formative test based on critical thinking skill indicators. The research results indicate that the implementation of STEM-PBL learning can enhance students' critical thinking skills with an N-gain value of 0.5, categorized as medium. The highest N-gain was achieved in the indicator of basics clarification, while the lowest was in the indicator of advance clarification. Overall, the implementation of STEM-PBL learning has a positive impact on improving students' thinking skills.

The effect of mixed dye composition of anthocyanin-chlorophyll on DSSC efficiency on TiO2/ZnO semiconductors aims to determine the effect of using dye containing anthocyanin-chlorophyll on the absorbance value and work efficiency value of Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC). The TiO2/ZnO was deposited using the doctor blade method and the dye was made using the maceration method. The counter electrode was made on FTO glass coated by calcined battery carbon with temperature in 450°C. The DSSC assembly was arranged in a sandwich shape. Then electrolyte is dripped in the middle of the DSSC layer. Characterization tests were carried out to determine the dye absorbance value and gap energy value using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. DSSC efficiency testing uses current and voltage (I-V) characterization. DSSC testing was carried out using a multimeter with a light source from sunlight. The results of UV-Vis characterization showed that the highest absorbance value was obtained for the kale-mangosteen peel dye at a wavelength of 530 nm with an absorbance of 5.234%. The TiO2/ZnO gap energy obtained using the touch plot method is 2.42 eV. The highest efficiency value was obtained from the kale-mangosteen peel dye mixture of 0.0286%. There was an increase in the DSSC efficiency value when the dyes were combined.

This research aims to discover whatever local wisdom in Ogan Ilir Regency, South Sumatra, can be used as a resource for learning physics in high school as well as whatever basic competencies in physics subjects can be integrated with the local wisdom of Ogan Ilir Regency, South Sumatra. This research was qualitative in nature. The data analysis techniques used was the Miles and Huberman model consisting of data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Based on the findings there are six local wisdoms in Ogan Ilir Regency that can serve as resource for learning Physics in high school, namely: the Knock-Down House from Tanjung Batu, Dodol from Tebing Gerinting, Mapak Raje Dance from Indralaya, Gebeng cloth from Limbang Jaya Tanjung Batu, Mande skill from Tanjung Dayang, and Syarofal 'Anam (Terbangan) from Indralaya. There are six basic competencies in the physics subject in high school that can be integrated with the local wisdom of Ogan Ilir Regency, two (3.1 and 3.7) from class X and four (3.2, 3.3., 3.5, 3.8.) from class XI.

The problems that are still encountered in physics learning are related to the role of the teacher who still dominates during the learning, causing students to become less active and students' critical thinking skills to become low. This study aims to determine the feasibility of physics learning tools developed using a problem-based learning model designed to improve students' critical thinking on harmonious vibration material. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D) with a 4D type of research. The instrument used is in the form of a validation sheet filled out by one expert lecturer and three Physics Education students. The results of the validation sheet are analyzed using the Likert scale technique and then categorized in the cumulative score range of product eligibility. The results of the research obtained through aspect tests on the learning tools show that the physics learning tools developed using problem-based learning models on harmonious vibration materials is very feasible to be used as an alternative to learning with presentations that can improve students' critical thinking skills. For further research, the products developed can be put through the next stage of development, namely the limited trial stage to find out their validity and empirical reliability. Then, they can be put through the effectiveness trial stage to find out whether they can be used in in schools.

This study investigates and compares the performance of a 10 Gbps optical communication link utilizing two prevalent single-mode fibers: G.652 and G.655. The analysis employs both theoretical calculations and Python-based simulations to assess the effectiveness of each fiber type in this high-speed transmission scenario. With the ever-growing demand for bandwidth in communication networks, 10 Gbps transmission systems are becoming increasingly commonplace. Single-mode fibers like G.652 and G.655 play a vital role in these systems, offering low signal attenuation for long-distance data transmission. However, each fiber type exhibits distinct dispersion characteristics, which can impact signal integrity over extended distances. This investigation adopts a two method for performance evaluation. Firstly, link power budget calculations are performed to determine the optical signal power before and after propagating through a 50-kilometer fiber span. The received power serves as the foundation for subsequent Q-factor and Bit Error Rate (BER) analysis. These calculations establish the theoretical limitations of the system based on well-defined formulas. Secondly, Python-based simulations are conducted to corroborate the theoretical findings and provide a more comprehensive performance assessment. This approach leverages the capabilities of two prominent Python packages: Opticomlib and OpticommPy. Opticomlib excels at analyzing the behavior of individual optical pulses within the system, enabling an understanding of the signal propagation. On the other hand, OpticommPy specializes in parameter sweep analysis, allowing for the investigation of how critical parameters like received power influence the Q-factor. By combining these functionalities, the simulations provide a detailed picture of the system's performance under various conditions. The calculated BER and Q-factor values for both G.652 and G.655 fiber links surpass the industry-accepted performance standards. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of using Python-based tools for comprehensive performance analysis of optical communication systems. However, it's important to note that slight discrepancies exist between the calculated and simulated results.

Science literacy skills are one of the abilities in understanding scientific knowledge to solve problems in everyday life. However, science literacy in Indonesia is still classified as low. So that in the independent curriculum currently used in education, science literacy is one of the competencies that is very important and also needed by Pancasila students. The purpose of this study is to analyze the improvement of science literacy skills as a result of PjBL - STEM learning in class X in one of Bandung State High School on alternative energy material. The sampling consisted of 32 students and the sampling technique was taken using convenience sampling technique. Data collection used is by formative test description of science literacy skills. The test instruments used were 2 questions identifying scientific issues, 2 questions explaining scientific evidence, and 3 questions explaining scientific evidence. The method used in this research is pre-experiment method using one group pre-test - post-test research design. The data that has been obtained is analyzed using the N-Gain value and effect size. The results showed that the value of students' science literacy skills increased with an average post-test score of 83.16 and the overall N-Gain value obtained was 0.57 and included in the moderate category, then the increase in students' science literacy in each indicator, namely in identifying problem issues, explaining scientific phenomena, and explaining scientific evidence has a moderate category. However, of the three indicators, the indicator of identifying scientific issues has the smallest N-Gain of 0.51. The calculation of the effect size value is carried out to determine how much influence learning using the PjBL-STEM model has in improving science literacy skills, so that in the research that has been done it is found that the effect size is 3.23 and is included in the "high" category. Thus, learning with the PjBL-STEM model has an effect in improving students' science literacy skills.

This research is pre-experimental research which aims to determine the increase in students' interest in learning and understanding of physics concepts after implementing the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model in physics subjects at SMA Negeri 1 Bone. This research uses One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The class that was the research subject was class XI MIPA 2. The total number of research subjects was 33 students. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2010 using descriptive analysis and N-Gain test analysis to see the increase in students' interest in learning and understanding of physics concepts by applying the PjBL model to static fluid material. Based on the results of research on interest in learning physics, the average pretest score was 88.78 and the posttest score was 126.45, and for understanding physics concepts, the pretest score was 10 and for the posttest it was 16.12. For the results of the N-Gain test analysis on interest in learning physics, it was found that 33.33% was in the high category and 66.67% was found in the medium category. For the results of the N-Gain test analysis on understanding physics concepts, 33.33% were in the high category and 66.67% were in the medium category. This proves that before implementing the PjBL model, students' interest in learning and understanding of physics concepts were in the medium category. and after implementing the PjBL model, students' interest in learning and understanding of physics concepts is in the high category. The PjBL model can increase interest in learning and understanding of physics concepts in class XI MIPA 2 students at SMAN 1 Bone.

This study evaluates the integration of online Pascal compilers in undergraduate physics education at the University of Mataram, focusing on its impact on students' programming skills. Over one semester, three classes (A, B, and C) of physics education students from the Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Education (PMIPA), Faculty of Teacher Training and Education (FKIP), University of Mataram, participated in lectures, discussions, and practical exercises using the GDB Online Pascal Compiler. Course content included Pascal fundamentals, arrays, matrices, and applications in physics, evaluated through assignments, mid-semester, and final exams. Quantitative analysis of student performance data revealed significant differences in mean scores and variability among the classes, with Class A achieving the highest average score and Class C exhibiting the greatest variability. Statistical tests confirmed that performance data for all classes deviated significantly from normal distribution, necessitating non-parametric tests. The Mann-Whitney U test indicated no statistically significant differences in median scores between class A vs. class B, class A vs. class C, and class B vs. class C, suggesting consistent performance outcomes across classes post-course. These findings underscore the potential of the online Pascal compiler in enhancing students' programming skills within the context of physics education.

Generation Z, growing up in an era of constantly evolving technology and information, presents new challenges for the world of education. They are known as a digitally connected generation, quick to adapt to technological advancements, and in search of interactive experiences in learning. One excellent step in responding to these needs is using suitable learning methods. For the new mandatory course, Electric Vehicle Technology with a weight of 3 credits, in the Electrical Engineering Bachelor's Program at Universitas Islam Indonesia, a learning approach that matches the characteristics and preferences of Generation Z was used. In the odd semester of 2023/2024, two classes were opened for Electric Vehicle Technology, class A with 56 students and class B with 50 students. The combination of discussion-based learning methods, project-based learning, and laboratory activities was used in the learning process to meet the needs of Generation Z students in the Electric Vehicle Technology course. The assessment used consisted of summative and formative assessments. The scoring rubric was key in helping to categorize the value of the work done by students. The integration of assessment weights considers the contribution from each learning model. Overall, the application of discussion-based learning models, project-based learning, and laboratory activities together have created a stimulating learning environment and aroused student enthusiasm in the Electric Vehicle Technology course. With combined methods of learning, the course passing rate for each of the course's learning outcomes was higher than 80%. For class A, the overall course passing rate was 88%, while for class B, it was 84%.

Students who live in dominant customs and culture in their daily lives sometimes experience obstacles when studying physics at school. This research aims to integrate local wisdom and local potential that exist in the Jayapura community in physics lessons and see its impact on students' science process skills and conceptual mastery. The research method used in this research is quantitative with a Quasi-Experimental research type with a Non-equivalent Control Group Design. Data collection techniques used test instruments and learning observations. The instrument used in data collection was test. Data analysis used N-gain analysis and Manova test using SPSS program. The subjects in this research were class XI students from three public high schools in Jayapura City who were selected using purposive sampling technique. The research results showed that the integration of local wisdom and local potential of the Jayapura Community had a positive impact on the experimental class and there was a significant increase in N-gain. Furthermore, the Manova test results showed that there were differences in science process skills and concept mastery between the experimental class and the control class. Furthermore, educators can develop E-LKPD based on the local wisdom of the Jayapura community to accommodate the use of technology in learning and preserve the local culture of the community.