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Soil conditioners can accelerate the recovery of soil physical, chemical, and/or biological quality, thus optimizing soil productivity. The 32 isotope tracing technique was used to determine the contribution of P from soil amendments in the form of lime, biochar, and compost, as well as to study their effects on P fertilization efficiency and corn yield. The treatments included lime, biochar, compost, and combinations of these three materials. The parameters analyzed were corn yield and P contribution from P sources. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of soil amendments to increase P uptake, growth, and yield of corn, as well as to determine the P contribution from lime, biochar, and compost to corn plants using the 32 isotope tracing technique. The results on Ultisol soil from Jasinga, Bogor, showed that the combination of 3 t ha-1 lime + 15 t ha-1 biochar + 15 t ha-1 compost resulted in the highest grain weight of 45.942 g plant-1 . The contribution of P from the carrier materials to the grain of the combination of 3 t ha-1 lime + 15 t ha-1 biochar + 15 t ha-1 compost was 44.945 mg plant-1. In conclusion, the combination of these soil conditioners can increase P availability and corn production on Ultisol soil from Jasinga, Bogor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methods of soil and water conservation in tropical wetlands have been carried out is using chemicals to increase the stability of soil aggregates and water-holding capacity. The experiment aims to improve soil stability using Polyacrylamide (PAM) and Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP) materials. Experiment was carried out in R&D Dept. PT. Great Giant Pineapple (PT. GGP), Lampung. The treatment was to mix ingredients into the water with variations the ratio of ingredients (g): water (ml), among others, 1:100, 1:200, 1:300, and 1:400. Next, the SAP/PAM material is mixed into 100 g of soil with a dose of 0 g, 4 g, 8.5 g and 10 g of SAP. After the soil was mixed with the SAP, take as much as 15 g and place it in a pot containing 1 kg of soil. Results experiment show the SAP is a polymer capable of increasing water availability in ultisols and sand used in the experiment and can increase the water content by 18% if compared control. Meanwhile, PAM is a more dominant polymer in its function as an aggregate adhesive instead of a water binder. Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP) and Polyacrylamide (PAM) can chemically function as chemicals for soil conservation.

Indonesia has a wide area of acid-dry land with potential food crops, especially soybeans. The study was conducted to determine the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) as seed coat of soybean on ultisol, applied with various doses of lime. The study was conducted in Ultisols in Kuranji Village, Kuranji District, Padang City, West Sumatra, Indonesia. The experiment was arranged in a split-plot design. The main plot was the dose of CaCO3 lime with two levels, namely 0 (without lime) and lime equivalent to 2 x Al-dd. Subplots were the application of seed coat in five ratios of AMF inoculant: former soybean planting soil, consisting of 0:4, 1:4, 2:4, 3:4, and 4:4. Each treatment was replicated three times. Data were analyzed for variance and the least significant difference (LSD) test with a significance level of 5%. The results showed that applying lime could increase P uptake in soybean plants by 25.58%. The highest soybean yield was 2.046 tons ha-1, yielded from seed coat treatment with a ratio of 2:4 without lime and the lime treatment equivalent to 2xAl-dd without seed coat.

Rorippa indica L. Hiern is a local vegetable that is widely consumed by Dayak’s tribe in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. It is mostly traditionally cultivated without fertilizers, resulting in low productivity. The research aimed to investigate the effect of fertilizers and soil type on the growth characteristics and N uptake of R. indica. The experiment was arranged in a factorial completely randomized design consisting of two factors with four replications. The first factor was fertilizer application (control, 20 t ha-1 of chicken manure, and 600 kg ha-1 of NPK), and the second was soil type (peat and Ultisol). The results revealed that the interaction of fertilizers and soil type gave a non-significant effect on all variables observed, except N uptake. The application of NPK increased the plant height and number of leaves significantly. Compared to control, the increment was 112.50% and 130.32%, respectively, and chicken manure application increased the dry weight (327.87%), N total (310.16%), and N uptake of plants by 478% in peat soil and 228% in Ultisol. This finding concludes that 20 t ha-1 of chicken manure can be applied to increase the productivity of R. indica.

Penelitian yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh dari pupuk kompos terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil rumput Kumpai (Hymenachne amplexicaulis (Rudge) Nees.) di tanah ultisol. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama ± 4 bulan, pengomposan dan penanaman laksanakan di Laboraturium Budidaya Ternak dan Hijauan, untuk analisis bahan kering di Laboratorium Analisis Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Jambi. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan serta 5 ulangan. Perlakuan pupuk kompos terdiri dari A0 = 0,00 g/pot atau setara dengan 0,00 ton/ha, A1 = 50 g/pot atau setara dengan 10 ton/ha, A2 = 100 g/pot atau setara dengan 20 ton/ha, dan A3 = 150 g/pot atau setara dengan 30 ton/ha. Untuk bahan penanaman digunakan TSP (45% P2O5) dengan dosis 200 Kg P2O5/ha setara 2,22 g TSP/pot, KCl (60% K2O) dengan dosis 200 Kg K2O/ha setara 1,66 g KCl/pot, CO(NH2)2 (46% N) dengan dosis 200 Kg N/ha setara 2,17 g urea/pot, dan kapur dolomit 2 ton/ha setara 10 g/pot. Peubah yang diamati yaitu tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, hasil kumulatif bahan kering hijauan, dan berat kering akar. Hasil analisis sidik ragam menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk kompos berpengaruh sangat nyata (p

This research aimed to utilize Ultisol soil in increasing the growth and production of corn by improving the constraints on Ultisol soil, one of which is low pH and low organic matter. A compost for oil palm empty fruit bunches with cellulolytic bacteria could be used to solve the problem of Ultisol soil. This research was carried out in the experimental garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Riau University from November 2020 to March 2021. This research was conducted experimentally used completely randomized design with 4 replications. The procedure for providing oil palm empty fruit bunches compost with cellulolytic bacteria is as follows: T0 = 0 ton ha1, T1 = 5 ton ha-1, T2 = 10 ton ha-1, T3 = 15 ton ha-1, T4 = 20 ton ha-1 . The results of this research indicated that the application of 20 ton ha-1 could give a significant effect on each parameter such as plant height, male flower appearance, female flower appearance and plant dry weight. Based on the results of the research, it is recommended to use oil palm empty fruit bunches compost with cellulolytic bacteria at a dose of 20 ton ha-1 to get optimal results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice is the primary food commodity in Indonesia. To increase the rice production, urea fertilizer has been excessively used, specifically on marginal land. However, it has no desired effect on the plant’s Nitrogen uptake due to volatilization. Previous studies suggest the use of zeolite to be mixed with urea to reduce the volatilization rate. This study aimed to determine the effect of six NP-SR (Nitrogen Phosphorus Slow Release) fertilizer compositions (without NP-SR; 20.69-0; 19.7-5; 17.27-10; 15.9-15; and 18.94-20) on soil chemical properties, nitrogen efficiency, and paddy rice yield on Ultisols at three waterlogging levels (0.5 cm, 3 cm, and 5 cm). The study was an experiment arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) consisting of two factors, which were waterlogging levels and NP-SR fertilizer compositions. The results showed that waterlogging treatments significantly affected soil chemical properties in the initial vegetative and harvest phases. It can be concluded that the treatment of flooding (up to 3 cm) and fertilizer (NP-SR of 15.90-15) application could significantly reduce the volatilization rate, increase the efficiency of N fertilizer, and increase rice yield.

Biochar is an organic material instantly made by burning wood into charcoal by pyrolysis, which can meet the high demand for an organic material that cannot be available in a short time. The study aimed to determine the effect of biochar and Chromolaena odorata liquid fertilizer (CLF) enriched with Sodium bicarbonate on soil pH and Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) productivity. The research was conducted from December to February 2019 at the field station of Tamansiswa University, Padang. The study was carried out in a factorial experiment with 2 treatment factors arranged in a Completely Randomized Design, consisting of three replications within treatments. The data obtained were analyzed using the F test at 5%, followed by the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at 5%. The results showed that there was an interaction effect of Biochar and CLF application on reducing the soil pH. Among all treatments, the application of 2 t.Ha-1 biochar combined with 50 ml.L-1 CLF + 0 g.L-1 sodium bicarbonate resulted in the highest growth rate and yield of muskmelon in Ultisols soil.

The experiment was conducted to examine the effects of indigenous mycorrhizae inoculation and cow manure doses on the growth and yield of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) at production stages I. It was conducted at farmer plantation in Semabu Village Tebo Regency located at -1.473543, 102484062. This research was arranged in a randomized block design consisting of two factors. The first factor is inoculation of mycorrhizae isolates comprising two levels, i.e. without and with inoculation, and the second factor is the dose of cow manure comprising five levels, i.e. without cow manure, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the recommended dose of cow manure at Production Stages I (30 kg plant-1). The variables observed were plants girth, leaf midrib, number of bunches per plant, weight per bunch, weight of fresh fruit bunches per plant, and root infection. The results showed that there was interaction effect between inoculation of mycorrhizae and cow manure doses. The inoculation of mycorrhizae and cow manure at a dose of 50% of the recommended dose were able to increase oil palm growth and yield.

Rice husk biochar and compost application are expected to improve soil chemical properties such as pH, organic carbon, and available P in Ultisol, which in turn improves crop growth and P uptake by plants. The purpose of this research was to analyze the effect of the combination of rice husk biochar and compost on the soil chemical properties (pH, organic carbon, and available P), maize growth, and P uptake by maize in an Ultisol. The research used a Randomized Block Design with six treatments (P0: control; P1: 4 t biochar ha-1; P2: 30 t compost ha-1; P3: 4 t biochar ha-1 and 30 t compost ha-1; P4: 8 t biochar ha-1 and 30 t compost ha-1; P5: 4 t biochar ha-1 and 60 t compost ha-1) and four replications. The result showed that the combination of 8 t rice husk biochar ha-1 and 30 t compost ha-1 showed a significant effect on increasing pH, organic carbon, and available P in an Ultisol, increasing the height of maize crops at 4 and 6 WAP (weeks after planting). However, it had no effect on the number of leaves and showed an effect on the increase in P uptake of maize crop.

Ultisol is one of the soils with limited physical characteristics. The water content is low, the permeability is not enough to pass water into the soil, and the organic-C content is classified as moderate. So that it affects the soil in storing low water, one solution to overcome the physical characteristics of is to provide organic matter into the soil. The purpose of this study was to determine the physical characteristics of Ultisol and to determine the effect of the combination of organic matter from cow dung and rice husk ash on the soil water holding capacity of ultisols on dry land. This study was conducted at the Laboratory of Wira Wacana Christian University, Sumba. This study used a completely randomized design with six treatments and four replications. Observation data were subjected to analysis of variance followed by LSD advanced test with a confidence level of 5%. The results showed that the application of organic matter on the soil significantly affected water content, field capacity, permeability, and C-organic. The application of organic matter can improve soil structure, not soil texture gave a very significant effect, and the treatment that had the best water content was 75% cow dung + 25% rice husk ash.

The maize crop is an important commodity other than rice in Indonesia. Maize production reached 30 million tons in 2018. Efforts that can be made to increase maize production on Ultisols in Indonesia is by the application of biochar rice husk and compost. Biochar that has a high affinity for nutrients does not experience decay in the soil for decades, while compost can improve soil chemical properties by increasing nutrient content. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the application of a combination of rice husk biochar and compost on soil chemical properties, N uptake, and growth of maize on an Ultisol. This study was conducted with six treatments. The results showed that the application of a combination of rice husk biochar and compost had an effect on increasing the C-organic and N-total in soil, but it did not affect the C/N of the incubated soil. Application of a combination of 8 t rice husk biochar ha-1 and 30 compost ha-1 significantly improved plant height, dry weight, and N uptake of maize plants.

Ultisols have poor soil characteristics, yet biochar is one of the technologies that can be applied as a soil enhancer to improve the soil quality. Biochar has succeeded in improving soil quality, through improving soil physical, chemical, and biological properties. This research aimed to improve the quality of soil chemical properties and growth of maize plant, as well as to find a combination between biochar type and dosage of biochar that is able to improve the chemical properties of Ultisols and/or the growth of maize plant. This research was conducted at the Greenhouse and Soil Science Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung. This study used a randomized block design (RBD) arranged in factorial with 3 factors and 3 replications. The first factor was the soil layer (topsoil and subsoil), the second factor was the type of biochar (biochar of cocoa shell and biochar of oil palm shell), and the third factor was the biochar dosage (0, 10%, 20%, and 30% of 10 kg of oven dry weight soil). The results showed that (1) the application of biochar from the cocoa shell and oil palm shell on Ultisols improved some parts of soil chemical properties, namely CEC, organic C, and Kexc, (2) application of biochar from the cocoa shell and oil palm shell on Ultisols increased the plant height, the number of leaves, and the dry weight of maize, (3) application of biochar from the cocoa shell at a dosage of 20% was significantly improved CEC of Ultisols (4) application of biochar from the cocoa shell in top soil at a dosage of 30% significantly improved the soil organic C of Ultisol, (5) application of biochar from cacao shell at a dosage of 30% was significantly improved Kexc, (6) application of biochar from oil palm shell at a dosage of 10% significantly increased maize plant growth.

Land circumstances on Seputih Mataram, Lampung included in dried area which is consist of Ultisols soil (soil taxonomy). Ultisol consist of H2O which has pH of less than 5.5. It will cause the amount of soil nutrient that absorbed is not optimal yet. This research aimed to know the influence of adding dolomite to the soil chemical content (pH number of H2O, KCl, content of total N, available P, exch-K, exch-Ca, exch-Mg, Organic-C, ratio C/N, exch-Al, exch-H, CEC), nutrient content on the leaf (such as N, P, K, Ca, Mg) and sugar cane physic. This research used Completely Randomized Design 2 factors with 3 blocks repetition. First factor was the dolomite doses in six contents: without the dolomite (K0), 500 kg/ha (K1), 1000 kg/ha (K2), 2000 kg/ha (K3), 4000 kg/ha (K4) and 6000 kg/ha (K5). The second factor (R) was the depth of dolomite placement, consist of: (R1) dolomite with 0-20 cm depth and (R2) dolomite with 20-40 cm depth. The observation used to know the soil chemical content, the leaf nutrients and the variables that used into the research. The observation results variant analyzed (ANOVA) in 5 % and continued with the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) in 5 % if the result showed the real differentiation. The result showed that the depth of dolomite was not real influence to the amount of Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), and Magnesium (Mg) in leaf. Dolomite addition was real influence for Calcium (Ca) uptake in leaf, but it was not real influenced the leaf uptake. Dolomite addition was real influence in the leaf content and leaf Magnesium (Mg) uptake. 6000 kg/ha dolomite for physical soil characteristic ( pH H2O, pH KCL, C/N ratio, K, P, Ca, Mg,Exch-H), leaf nutrient ( N, K, Ca), Mg and Ca uptake on leaf also sugar cane tonnage per hectare showed the maximum result.

Ultisol is one type of soil that has a very wide distribution in Indonesia, but the use of this soil faces many obstacles. The main problem in ultisol utilization is the low availability of phosphorus (P) and the low absorption efficiency. Coal fly ash (CFA) is a material that can overcome these problems. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of Application CFA on several soil chemical properties (pH, exchangeable Al, exchangeable Ca and available P), plant growth, yield, and absorption efficiency of P fertilizer. This study used a completely randomized factorial design consisting of two factors. The first factor was CFA that consisted of three levels of treatment, namely: A0 = 0 t ha-1 or without CFA, A1 = 40 t CFA ha-1, A2 = 80 t CFA ha-1. The second factor was P fertilizer that consisted of four levels of treatment, namely: P0 = 0 kg ha-1, P1 = 30 kg P ha-1, P2 = 60 kg P ha-1 and P3 = 90 kg P ha-1. The results of the study showed that the application of 80 t CFA ha-1 increased the pH by 13.41%, reduced exchangeable Al by 59.53% and increased exchangeable by Ca 192.66% compared to control. The combination 80 t CFA ha-1 and 90 kg P ha-1 increased available P by 986.79% compared to control. The application of 80 t CFA ha-1 resulted in the highest total plant dry weight and total P uptake. The treatment resulted in total plant dry weight of 172.96 g and total P uptake of 187.62 mg plant-1, increased 62.39% and 100.21% respectively compared to the control. The application of 90 kg P fertilizer ha-1 resulted in the highest total dry weight of maize, and total P uptake, namely 167.49 g and 174.39 mg plant-1, respectively, which means that the total plant dry weight increased by 51.00% and the total uptake P increased 69.79% compared to control. The highest seed dry weight was obtained in the combination of 80 t CFA ha-1 and 90 kg P ha-1, namely 39.33 g, an increase of 715.53% compared to the control. The combination of 40 t CFA ha-1 and 30 kg P ha-1 resulted in the highest absorption efficiency of P fertilizer, namely 30.43%. This means that in this treatment, maize can absorb 30.43% of the applied P fertilizer.

Southeast Sulawesi is one of the provinces where agriculture is one of the fastest growing industries because most of the people are farmers. An obstacle encountered by farmers in Southeast Sulawesi is the lack of land for farming because most of the area is dominated by Ultisol. One way to overcome this problem is by using biofertilizers. This study aimed to isolate and characterize rhizobacteria from Ultisol as a material for making biofertilizers. The method used in sampling was purposive sampling. Soil samples taken were isolated for microorganisms and tested for hypersensitivity and then characterized based on the ability of nitrogen fixation, phosphate dissolving, and production of growth regulators. The test results and characterization of rhizobacteria selected 10 isolates from 92 isolated isolates, namely MN-06, MN-12, MN-21, KDI-09, KDI-11, KNW-02, KNW-05, KTM-07, KLK-04 , and KLK-09.

Liming increases soil fertility through improved soil conditions in acidic soils (Ultisols). This study aimed to determine the effect of limes [CaO; Ca(OH)2; CaCO3 and CaMg(CO3)2 ] on the chemical properties of Ultisols of Limau Manis Padang. Treatments tested in this study application of four types of lime, i.e. A = CaO; B = Ca(OH)2; C = CaCO3; dan D = CaMg(CO3)2. on an Ultisol. A control treatment with no application of lime was also included in this study. After incubation of the soil-lime mixtures for two weeks, the results of the study showed that liming using dolomite [CaMg(CO3)2] was more effective in improving the chemical properties of Ultisols, compared to other types of lime [CaO; Ca(OH)2; CaCO3]. The effect of dolomite on 1*exchangeable Al (1 me Ca 100 g-1) improved chemical properties of an Ultisol from Limau Manis Padang such as pH H2O by 0.35 unit, available P by 1.03 ppm, exchangeable Al by 0.91 cmolc kg-1; exchangeable H by 0.92 cmolc kg-1; CEC by10.49 cmolc kg-1; exchangeable K by 0.03 cmolc kg-1; exchangeable Ca by 0.44 cmolc kg-1 and exchangeable Mg by 1.34 cmol ckg-1, compared to control.

Maize is a cereal commodity that has an important role in supporting food security and food diversification programs. The application of organic and inorganic fertilizers is one of the efforts to increase national maize productivity. This study was aimed to explore the effect of the application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on N, P and K uptake by maize in an Ultisol. Treatments tested were combinations of five levels of organic fertilizer application (0%, 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% of recommended organic fertilizer dose), and five levels of inorganic fertilizer (0%, 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% of recommended inorganic fertilizer dose). The twenty-five treatments were arranged in a factorial randomized block design with two replications. Results of the study showed that there was a relationship between N, P and K uptake by maize with maize shoot dry weight, root weight, and shell weight. The highest plant height, shoot dry weight, and root dry weight of the maize were obtained by the treatment of 100% of organic fertilizer. The highest maize shell dry weight and uptake of N, P was obtained by the in the treatment of 75% organic fertilizer.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study were (1) to determine the effect of rice husk biochar and rice straw compost on growth and production rice (Oryza sativa) and (2) to determine the ability of rice husk biochar and rice straw compost in providing nutrients to Ultisol. The research was carried out February – July 2018 in Sungai Abang Village, Lubuk Alung Regency, Padang Pariaman. Research applied Random Group Design with 5 treatment : 0% Rice husk biochar + 0% Rice straw compost, 100% Rice husk biochar + 0% Rice straw compost, 75% Rice husk biochar + 25% Rice straw compost, 50% Biochar rice husk + 50% Rice straw compost and 25% Rice husk biochar + 75% Rice straw compost. Observations were made on soil and crops including initial soil analyzes ie before treatment was given, soil analysis after incubation, and final soil analysis (pH, N-total, P-available, K-dd, Ca-dd, Mg-dd and Sulfur) and plant observations include plant height, the productive of tiller, total of tiller and weight of grain per hectare. From the research that has been done can be concluded (1) the use of rice husk biochar and rice straw compost affect the growth and production of rice plants seen in the treatment of 75% rice husk biochar + 25% Rice Straw rice husk biochar with the number of productive tillers of 29 tillers and production of rice plants as much as 8,238 tons / ha and (2) the use of rice husk biochar and rice straw compost is able to provide nutrients in Ultisol indicated by increasing pH, N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S.

The utilization of red mud, which is a residue from the extraction of aluminum from mined bauxite ore, as a plant growing medium, needs to be studied further. There are some chemical aspects that may hinder the growth of, or even cause mortality in, plants such as very high pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and exchangeable Na (Naexch), and very low nutrient elements content. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of adding Ultisol soil material, mixed with compost, both soil ameliorating agents, to red mud for use as a growing medium for Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) seedlings. This study was conducted in two stages, namely: washing of the red mud, and trial planting in the greenhouse using different combinations of the soil ameliorants. Washing of the red mud with tap water was intended to reduce the levels of Na, EC, and pH. Trial planting in the greenhouse was carried out in 2-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Factor 1 was the proportion of the mixture of Ultisol soil material (sm-Ultisol) and red mud, viz: (1) 1500 g red mud + 0 g sm-Ultisol, (2) 1000 g red mud + 500 g sm-Ultisol, and (3) 750 g red mud + 750 g sm-Ultisol. Factor 2 was the dosage of compost that was mixed with the red mud and sm-Ultisol, namely: 0, 58.6, and 117.2 g/polybag which corresponded to 0, 2.5 and 5 kg/planting hole, respectively. The results of the trial indicated that washing the red mud could reduce the level of EC from 28.70 dS m-1 to 2.68 dS m-1; but it reduced pH and Naexch only from 11.91 and 149.38 cmol(+)kg-1 to become 10.55, and 66.74 cmol(+) kg-1, respectively. A better outcome was obtained after the red mud was washed and then, mixed with sm-Ultisol up to 1:1 proportion in which resulted in lower rates of pH, EC, and Naexch from 10.28, 2.53 dS m-1 and 62.79 cmol(+) kg-1 to 8.65, 2.07 dS m-1 and 45.01 cmol(+) kg-1, respectively. The treatment of using a mixture of 750 g red mud + 750 g sm-Ultisol, and adding compost at 117.18 g/polybag gave the best result in improving the chemical property of the red mud growing medium, and producing the best plant growth among all treatment combinations.

Ultisol has limitation to become agricultural land by low soil pH, high saturation of Al, poor macronutrients and low organic matter content. Maize production in Ultisol is faced with a lack of P. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of coal fly ash (CFA), oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) and mycorrhiza to help increase the availability and uptake of phosphorus, growth and production of corn on Ultisol. The combination consisted of twelve treatments with 3 replications. The research was conducted in a glasshouse by planting corn on the planting media according to the treatment. Plant height and number of leaves were observed every week, at harvest (age 13 weeks) observed fresh weight and dry weight of shoot + root, fresh weight of cob with cornhusk, fresh weight of cob, weight of shelled seeds, production. P-total, P-available, P uptake, soil pH, organic-C, number of spores and percentage of root colonies were observed in the laboratory. The application of the combination of CFA and OPEFB and mycorrhiza did not have a significant effect on total-P, available-P, soil pH, organic-C, plant height, number of leaves, dry weight of shoot + root, fresh weight of cob with cornhusk and weight of shelled seeds. CFA, OPEFB and mycorrhiza influential in increasing P-uptake, dry weight of shoot + root, fresh weight of cob, production, number of spores and percentage of root colonies

The increase production of oil palm plantation is followed by the residue from processing palm oil mill effluent (POME) and oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB). The POME is widely applied in oil palm plantation, whereas EFB is limited used. This study aimed to determine the effect of EFB application on soil chemical properties in Ultisol. This study was conducted in the Soil Chemical and Biological Laboratories, Agriculture Faculty, Brawijaya University Malang. Soil samples were collected from Batanghari and Sarolangun regencies, Jambi Province. This study was designed using randomized complete design with 6 treatments, including clay loam Ultisol (CLU) + EFB (T1B1); CLU + palm oil fibre (T1B2); CLU + EFB + fibre (T1B3); sandy loam Ultisol (SLU) + EFB (T2B1); SLU + fibre (T2B2); SLU + EFB + fibre (T2B3), and 3 replicates. The results showed that application oil palm residues (e.g EFB and fibre) increased soil organic C, available K, total N, and CEC on clay loam Ultisol with the highest increase was observed at the T1B3 (CLU + EFB + fibre) for 12 weeks incubation. This study summarized that oil palm residues can potentially be used as organic fertilizer in oil palm plantation.

The potential of Ultisols, especially in East Kalimantan for the development of food crop agriculture is faced with constraints on phosphorus availability due to low soil pH and high solubility of aluminum (Al). The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effect of a combination application of coal fly ash (CFA) and oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) on the availability of phosphorus in an Ultisol from East Kalimantan and its impact on the production of maize. The combination of CFA and OPEFB consisted of seven treatments with three replications. The research was carried out in two steps. The first experiment (incubation in the laboratory), was carried out under non-leaching condition for 42 days. Parameters observed included soil pH, available soil P, total soil P, and soil exchangeable Al. The second experiment (growth experiments in a glasshouse), was were carried out by growing maize plants with the same treatment as for experiment 1. The plant height and leaf area were observed every week. At the harvest time (age 12 weeks), dry weight of shoots and roots, maize weight with cobs, and maize weight without cobs were observed. The results of soil incubation showed the decrease in the soil exchangeable Al- level, the increase in soil total-P, and soil available-P. The combination application of CFA and OPEFB did not have a significant impact on soil pH, and soil organic-C. The results of the glasshouse experiment showed that CFA and OPEFB were not significantly different in the parameters of plant height, leaf area of 12 weeks, weight of shoots and roots, maize weight with cobs, and maize weight without cobs.

Characteristic of Ultisol in PT. Great Giant Pineapple is very acidic soil and low of macro and micro nutrient content. This condition can be solved by liming so pineapple plant can growth optimally. There are many material of lime with different shape and size. The purpose of this study was to analyze calcium source with the right doses that can increase pH, provide nutrient available and decrease any toxic elements. This study used a completely randomized design with 18 treatments. The treatment included D0, C0, T0 (control), dolomite with 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 t ha-1 doses (D1, D2, D3, D4, D5), Granular Calcite with doses of 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 kg ha-1 (C1, C2, C3, C4, C5) and Suspension of Calcite with doses of 75, 100, 125, 150, 175 L ha-1 (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5). The results showed that application of calcium sources had significant effect on soil pH, Al saturation, Fe available, exchangeable-Ca, exchangeable-Mg, CEC, Base Saturation, available-P, total-N, and exchangeable-K in several time of observations. Application of 5 t dolomite ha-1 increased soil pH, and decreased Al saturation and available-Fe, and it also increased Ca and Mg contents. However, application of dolomite had no significant effects on N, available-P and exchangeable-K at several time of observations. The initial growth parameter was not significantly affected by application of dolomite.

Abstrak Penelitian tentang pertumbuhan bibit surian (Toona sinensis (Juss,) M. Roem) yang diinokulasi mikoriza pada media tanam tanah ultisol telah dilakukan dari bulan November 2014 sampai Februari 2015 di rumah kaca dan Laboratorium Fisiologi Tumbuhan Jurusan Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Andalas, Padang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan bibit surian yang diinokulasi dengan beberapa dosis Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula (FMA) pada tanah ultisol. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan dan 6 ulangan. Adapun perlakuan yang diberikan adalah tanpa inokulasi; inokulan 5 g/tanaman; inokulan 10 g/tanaman; inokulan 15 g/tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian dosis FMA sebanyak 15 g/tanaman pada media tanah ultisol memperlihatkan pengaruh yang nyata pada pertambahan jumlah daun tetapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap pertambahan tinggi dan diameter batang serta berat kering tanaman selama 12 minggu pengamatan. Abstract The study on the growth of surian seedling (Tonna sinensis (Juss), M. Roem) that inoculated with mycorrhiza on ultisol medium had been conducted from November 2014 until February 2015 in Greenhouse and Plant Physiolgy Laboratory, Biology Department, Mathematic and Natural Sciences Faculty, Andalas University, Padang. The study aimed to find out about the growth of surian seedling that inoculated with several Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) doses on the ultisol medium. The study used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and six replications. The treatments were 0 g Inoculation/plant; 5 g inoculants/plant; 10 g inoculants/plant and 15 g inoculants/plant. The result showed that the treatment of 15 g/plant on the ultisol medium was significantly affecting the growth of leaves, in adversely showed insignificantly effect on the height in crement and diameter of bark, as well as on the dry weight of plant during the 12 weeks observations. Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v9i1.3250

The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ( AMF ) with plants able to increase the capacity of plants to absorb nutrients and water from the soil. Recently, research was indicated that AMF hyphae containing glomalin as a glycoprotein that serves to unify the dispersed soil particles. The content of glomalin in soil is positively correlated with soil aggre- gate stability. The research potential of AMF species indigenous of Ultisol Darmasraya District of West Sumatra and glomalin production in experimental pots of sterile sand medium has been carried out. The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity of AMF species on Ultisol and to seeking indigenous AMF isolates that had the best glomalin production capability. AMF spores were isolated and identified from the rhizosphere soil of corn in Ultisol. AMF species that had been identified experimentally were tested in culture medium pot of sand and zeolite (w / w 1:1) using corn crops. The results found nine of the AMF species indigenous of Ultisol Darmasraya, namely Acaulospora scrobiculata, Glomus etunicatum, Glomus luteum, Glomus mosseae, Glomus verruculosum, Glomus versiforme, Scutellospora gregaria, Scutellospora heterogama and Gigaspora sp. AMF species that showed better colonization ability in corn was G. luteum, G. verruculosum and G. versiforme. All three species produced glomalin significantly higher than the other species, i.e. 1.29 mg g-1; 1.17 mg g-1; 1.15 mg g-1, respectively.

Evaluation of land suitability for soybean by involving the presence and biodiversity of soil fauna has been conducted. The research was done on thecenter of soybean plantations in Ultisols soils in Banten, Lampung, and Lahat (south Sumatera) Provinces. The objective of research was to determine the interaction between soil fauna diversity in Ultisols soil and productivity of soybean. The research used a Survey Method. Every location was divided into three categories of vegetation performance, such as, less vegetation, average vegetation, and very fertile vegetation with two replicates. The chemical, physical, and biological properties of soils from every unit sampling were analyzed. The results showed that nutrient and chemical properties of soil which directly influenced the growth and production of soybean was P-potential, P-available, K-available, B (Boron), Ca and pH; the physical properties were pores drainage, pores rapid drainage, soil water content, and soil permeability. The presence of earthworm did not have direct effect to soybean, except as the 3th between variables, meaning that the presence of earthworms affected soil physical properties, soil physical properties affected nutrient availability, nutrient availability affected the biomass and yield of soybean.

Acidic dry land in Lampung is potential for soybean development area. Low soybean yield in farmer level is one offactor causing its’ low competitiveness. Soil fertility is the main constrain related to low yield of soybean. Objectiveof the research was to diagnose a cause of poor soybean growth on dry land Ultisol at Sukadana sub District, EastLampung District. Soil and soybean plant samples were collected from farmers’ field at Sukadana ilir village duringplanting season April – July year 2010. Plant and soil samples were taken when soybean at R1 stage (starting tobloom) using stratified random sampling method. The result showed that variability of soybean growth on Ultisol atSukadana, East Lampung related to variability of soil pH, exchangeable Al, exchangeable K, Ca, and Mg. The poorsoybean growth was due to low soil pH, high exchangeable Al, low exchangeable K, Ca, and Mg.

Organic matter (OM) application may contribute to managing lateritic soils by improving aspects of physical, chemical, and biological fertility. However, the finite persistence of organic carbon (OC), the main component of soil organic matter (SOM), may limit the usefulness of OM addition because decomposition and C leaching promotes C loss from the soil, especially in tropical regions. The main objectives of this study were to determine the balance and dynamics of soil OC (SOC) due to mineralisation and leaching processes and the relationship of these processes to P mobility in soil. Two lateritic soils of Western Australia were used. Both soils were packed into plastic columns and water was added to simulate two rainfall regimes: tropical (4,000 mm year 1) and subtropical (900 mm year 1). Three types of OM (peat, wheat straw, and lucerne hay) were added at the equivalent of 80Mg ha 1. Soils were watered weekly to supply one year’s rainfall over a period of six months. Carbon loss from leaching contributed 1.4% of the total C, whilst respiration accounted for 10.4%. The Ultisol with a sandy texture had more C loss in leachate than the Oxisol with higher clay content, for the simulated tropical rainfall. The subtropical rainfall regime resulted in more respiration than the tropical rainfall regime. Downward movement of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) changed the distribution of non-extractable phosphorus (NP) and bicarbonate phosphorus (BP) in the leaching column, as well as the dislocation of extractable Al and Fe.

Objective of this research was to study the effectof empty fruit bunches (EFB) applied as mulching on some soil chemical properties of Ultisol in an Oil Palm Plantation.This field experiment was conducted in PT. Sampoerna Agro Tbk Plantation Mesuji, Ogan Komering Ilir of SouthSumatra Province at blocks of 22/A, 23/B, 27/C, 33/, 12/A, 12/B, 24/D, 12/C, 00/C, 24/A, 24/B, 10/B, 02/C, 02/D,11/C, 11/D, 10/A, 10/C, 11/A, and 24/C. The treatment was EFB dosage which are without EFB (control), 40 Mg ha-1of EFB applied only once for a year, 80 Mg ha-1 of EFB applied twice for 2 years, 120 ton EFB/ha applied three timesfor 3 years, and 160 Mg ha-1 of EFB applied four times for 4 years. The rate of EFB application was 40 Mg ha-1 peryear. Every treatment was replicated 4 times, thus total of experiment was 20 units. Soil samples were taken in twodifferences of deepness which were 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm, respectively. Soil variables observed were soil pH,organic C, cation exchange capacity (CEC), total N, P availability, exchangeable K and Mg, Al and Fe. The resultsshowed that application of EFB had significantly effect on some soil chemical properties such as soil pH and Mgexchangeable Mg for 0-20 cm and total N for 20-40 cm deepness. Meanwhile application of EFB did not havesiginificant effects on total organic C, CEC, P-Bray I, exchangeable K, exchangeabile Al and Fe. It was also shownthat some soil chemical properties were generally higher in top soil layer than sub soil layer, except for CEC, P andexchangeable Al