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The article aims to show that in the second half of the XIXth Century the European Romantic trend in literature became even in Italy part of the launch pad for the first "Fanta-clinic" and "Medical-thriller" novels. According to the lesson of the coeval French literature it also baptized a kind of modern poetry turned to épater le bourgeois through the transfiguration of Anatomy and later through the use of the scientific method in composing verses and novels. This paper aims to focalize some links between Literature and Medicine by concerning literary inspirations felt by many coeval writers about Paolo Gorini (1813- 1881) and Efisio Marini (1835-1900). The paper tries to demonstrate that the dark suggestions offered by the two scientists to some well known names of the Italian Literature (from Carlo Dossi to Matilde Serao) grew up strong in the Northern part of Italy as well as they did in the Southern part. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper intends to reconstruct the climate of Turin where he lived and worked Giuseppe Levi, the particular figures which animated the subalpine universities in the fascist period, the fruitful interaction between Jewish and anti-fascist world. Particular attention will be devoted to the different reactions of the Jewish community during the confidence to fascism in 1931 oath. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Galen's discussions of philosophical issues show a complete mastery of the school debates of his time. Galen, however, is not a school philosopher: his philosophical allegiance is controversial and he refers to philosophical theories and debates for specific purposes that pertain to his views about the status of medical knowledge. The extant fragments of his lost treatise On Demonstration offer an interesting example of this attitude. The present paper focuses on some passages from Galen's lost On Demonstration book 4, which deal with the generation of cosmos and its incorruptibility. They are preserved in John Philoponus' On the Eternity of the World and in al- Rāzī's Doubts on Galen. Galen's argument relies heavily on philosophical sources such as Plato, Aristotle and the Platonic philosopher Atticus. Galen's treatment of the topic, however, is highly original and can plausibly be seen as a discussion pro et contra the eternity of the cosmos, which aims to show the limits and fallacies of speculative knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paleogenetics is providing increasing evidence about the biological characteristics of ancient populations. This paper examines the guiding principles and methodologies to the study of ancient DNA with constant references to the state of the art in this fascinating disciplin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the history of the Cabinet of Pathological Anatomy at the University of Palermo, Italy. Topics discussed include collections of pathology present at many Italian and European universities that are an asset and have now become teaching materials; Professor Giovanni Gorgone at the medical faculty of Palermo, who was an anatomy teacher and skilled surgeon; and the collection of nearly 1600 specimens of pathological anatomy since 1859 at the University of Palermo.

The relative abundance of neoplastic lesions documented so far in paleopathological literature, distributed over a wide lapse of time and in different geographic areas, demonstrates that a number of tumours affected past populations. Nevertheless, if dozens of cases of tumors affecting the skeleton are reported, only a few records are documented in soft tissues. The rarity of tumors in mummies is a debated problem; short life span of past populations, scarcity of mummified remains arrived to us in comparison with skeletal remains and technical difficulties to detect neoplastic lesions in ancient tissues seem to be the main reasons of the rarity of findings. It is important to pay maximum attention to any little sign of neoplastic lesion in ancient human remains, in order to increase our limited knowledge about the type of tumours and relative incidence afflicting our ancestors. Comparison with modern data could help understand the evolution patterns of cancer in the history of Mankind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decades, paleopathologists have developed a growing interest in archaeological, anthropological, and medical disciplines. However, although there have been satisfactory results, which are reflected in numerous publications at the international level and in academic credits that, for example, have led to the establishment of an autonomous Division of Paleopathology (unique in an Italian University) at the Faculty of Medicine in Pisa, the future seems not so bright. Indeed, the lack of general interest that Italian institutions have shown toward research and the reduction of ministerial financial support, will result not only in a lack of a generational turnover among researchers, but also in the suspension or closure of the few paleopathology courses that are now running, and in the layoff of the small but excellent study groups currently working in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the concept of lovesickness in the 16th century theoretical work "Dialoghi d'amore," by 16th century Italian physician Leone Ebreo. Reference is made to the influence of the medical text "Aegritudo amoris" on Ebreo's work. Topics discussed include descriptions of love and lovesickness in the theoretical and medical texts, theories of the nature of love, from transformative force to clinical diagnosis, and the physiological categorization of love presented by the "Dialoghi d'amore."

The article discusses medical history in Late Antiquity, during the period between the death of Roman-Greek physician, surgeon, and philosopher, Galen, in the early 3rd century to the beginning of the 7th century. Topics discussed include medical writing and vocabulary, with reference to works such as compendiums of drugs used for treatment of illnesses, medical literature, and translations of medical writings; the Christian influence on medical literature and its lexicon, and the components of medical training and the medical profession.

The article discusses ancient Roman history and medical literature, with a focus on 7th century bishop Saint Vindicianus, and the work "Epistula," written to Pentadius, which discusses an unnamed Hippocratic text. Topics discuss the "Epistula" as a translation of the pseudohippocratic work "De pulsibus et de temeramentis corporis humani," possible attributions of the "Epistula," as well as dating of the work and source texts; and the references of the "Epistula" to an even older medical tradition.

The article discusses the history of Byzantine medicine, and the idea of the diagnostics of fluids as medical practice, relating to the concept of the diagnosis and medical treatment of imbalances in the bodily humors, during the period between the 4th and 12th centuries. Topics discussed include background on the history and historiography of Byzantine, with reference to the history and philosophy of medicine; the influence of Christianity on medicine during this period, and the philosophy of Hippocratic medicine.

The article discusses the medical history of Early Christianity, with a focus on the establishment of Christian based medical care and aid for the sick. Topics discussed include the theological basis of Christian medical care, locations established for providing care and aid to particular demographics, such as the sick, the elderly, and children without guardians; and the management and structures of Christian medical and aid institutions, such as hospitals, orphanages, and homes for the elderly.

The article discusses medical and sanitary personnel, their recruitment, and training in the military of the the Napoleonic kingdom of Italy. The state of medicine, its theory and its practice at the time are surveyed. Then the state of sanitation in the Cisalpine area of Italy, where the kingdom existed, is addressed. Introduction of exams, and of a committee to administer them to determine medical qualifications is also described. Among medical personnel considered are doctors, surgeons, and specialists.

The article discusses the historical development of stem cell therapeutic research from biomedical investigations into medical regeneration of tissues. Among other topics addressed are 18th century medical experiments with animals dealing with regenerative properties and bone formation, the role of evolution in understanding related biological processes, and early stem cell research.

The article discusses the role of midwives in ancient Greek obstetrics. Among other topics addressed are the philology of various ancient Greek words related to those involved with helping a woman give birth, the implications for ancient Greek obstetrics and midwifery, and related sources in ancient Greek literature where the words occur.

The article discusses the influence of the astrological and scientific writings of Italian philosopher Peter d'Abano on Italian painter Giotto di Bondone. The author focuses on Giotto's painting at the Chapel of Scrovegni. The author explains that the paintings at the chapel emphasize the physical representation of the sky and stars which characterized Peter's work. Subjects of the article also include the physiognomies of Peter's work, his astrological treatises, and Giotto's astrological cycle.