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Copyright of Ingegneria Ferroviaria is the property of Ingegneri Ferroviari and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Great Recession changed the political landscape of the European democracies with the electoral success of populist protest parties in different countries. In this article, we wonder if there are features that characterized these political parties about the issues of gender equality and women's rights. Populism and feminization of politics are recurring topics in the scholars' debate, but the relationships between these two phenomena are still little studied. Seeing as the issue is linked to context, and not only to the political parties' differences, we will focus on three illustrative cases, in different European nations - Spain, Finland, Poland - analysing scientific literature and documents. The hypothesis is that the issues of gender can be an additional contentious line useful for defining identity and differences in the heterogeneous set of populist parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immediately after the First World War, despite Italy's victorious exit from this conflict, the opinion in Finland was that the country was just an average power, with little political prestige, compared to the most important European powers. This belief was due to the fact that there were very few Italians present in Finland and to the widespread anti-Italian propaganda. During the 1920's, the pioneering aviation enterprises of the Regia Marina and of the Regia Aeronautica facilitated commercial contacts, and there followed an increasing appreciation of the Italian military and industrial products. The arrival of fascism with widespread propaganda about what it had achieved facilitated a real political exportation, which was welcomed in the ultra-nationalist humus deeply rooted in the Finnish society. Exchanges of military missions combined with the curiosity and the attraction surrounding fascism and Mussolini, guaranteed the consolidation of Italian prestige. The birth of the Lapua movement with its developments represented the best illustration of how Italian facts and events had influenced the Finnish ones. When Attilio Tamaro was sent to Helsinki (1929-1935), a golden period began, with increasing cultural and political initiatives that ended with the Finnish choice to apply sanctions (November 1935) during the second Italian-Abyssian conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Welfare states in the advanced countries are responding to the rise of new, immeasurable risks by relying less on social insurance and more on the provision of customised social services, such as education, which enable citizens to acquire the capacities needed to respond to the risks they face. These services are provided by a novel form of organisation that addresses the classic problems of public administration - how to limit discretion while increasing the responsiveness of the organisation to changing circumstance - by authorising front-line workers to search for new solutions, but with the requirement that they explain and justify their decisions to peers. The successful Finnish school system exemplifies this new type of organisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mycologia Montenegrina is the property of University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty Mycological Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)