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Traditionally, green design considers climate as a fixed property of a specific place. Nevertheless, recent changes demonstrate that this vision has to be reversed, considering climate a time-dependent parameter. This paper hybridises climatology and bioclimatic design underlining, thanks to the usage of a very recent high resolution climate reanalysis database (ERA5-Land), the impact that climate changes have on short-term periods, adopting well known building climate-related indicators. European maps are drawn considering degree-days variations (from 1981-95 to 2004-18), while typical mean 24-hour monthly days and bioclimatic charts are adopted for a limited number of locations. Results support the need to adopt climate data time variations during design phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 1987, this paper has presented the yearly report of the meteorological observations at the Geophysical Observatory of Modena and Reggio Emilia University, which is located inside the eastern tower of the Dukes' Palace of Modena. The Observatory was founded the 26th January 1826 and ever since its instruments have regularly recorded data. For the year 2015, we present a summary of the annual average values, total and extreme weather of the main parameters, plots with annual and monthly trends of several parameters compared with average climatological values. In addition, "the extremes of 2015", i.e. the average and extreme values of all data collected by the Observatory and at the meteorological stations "Campus DIEF", located in the Department of Engineering in Modena, and at the Campus San Lazzaro in Reggio Emilia are presented. In 2015, there were also anomalies, in line with climate change taking place at a global scale. In particular, July 2015 with an average temperature of 29.4 °C, equals the hottest temperature record of August 2003 and was the hottest July ever recorded. The year 2015, with an average temperature of 16.1 °C, is the second warmest year on record. The amount of precipitation is close to climatic mean, but with some anomalies in monthly distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]