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The present essay focuses on the contamination of methodologies in the field of literary analysis. More specifically, a model of analysis, resulting from the encounter of stylistics and cognitive poetics will be presented in order to demonstrate that the application of hybrid methodologies can lead to a deeper and far-reaching understanding of literary works; the pivotal researches by Geoffrey Leech and Mick Short (Style in Fiction: A Linguistic Introduction to English Fictional Prose, 1981) and Peter Stockwell (Cognitive Poetics: An Introduction, 2002) will constitute the basis of the model at issue. After briefly illustrating the model itself, an example of quantitative and qualitative analysis will be provided; the object of study will be Lord Randal, a traditional ballad that can be defined as endemic across Europe. In fact, attestations can be found in many European languages, although the plot often presents minor differences. The final part of the essay will briefly discuss the mechanisms behind empathy in the above-mentioned ballad.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the resistome and virulome diversity of 43 isolates of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica and S. aureus collected from artisanal fermented meat and dairy products and their production environments in Portugal, Spain, Italy and Morocco. After DNA extraction, genomes were sequenced, and de novo assembled. Genetic relationships among genomes were investigated by SNP calling and in silico 7- loci MLST. Genomes of the same species belonged to different ST-types demonstrating the circulation of different clones in in the same artisanal production plant. One specific clone included genomes of S. Paratyphi B belonging to ST43 and repeatedly isolated for more than a year in an artisanal sausage production plant. No genomes but three (belonging to Salmonella enterica), were predicted as multiresistant to different antimicrobials classes. Regarding virulence, genomes of L. monocytogenes belonging to ST1, ST3 and ST489, as well as genomes of S.enterica enterica (ST43, ST33, ST314, ST3667, ST1818, ST198) and ST121 S. aureus were predicted as virulent and hypervirulent. The occurrence of virulent and hypervirulent L. monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica and S. aureus strains in artisanal fermented meat and dairy productions as well as in their finished products suggests the need for a specific focus on prevention and control measures able to reduce the risk of these biological hazards in artisanal food productions.

The present study aimed at assessing the occurrence of microbiological hazards (Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli O157) in an artisanal soft cheese produced in northern Italy. In the same product total bacterial count, lactic acid bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae were enumerated, and pH and water activity measured in two batches sampled in summer and winter. Samples of raw materials, environmental swabs from the production processes and cheese during 15 days of storage at 2 and 8°C as well as dynamic temperature of 2°C for 5 days and 8°C for 10 days were collected and tested. The load of total bacterial count was significantly higher in the winter batch in comparison to the summer one, with a significant increase at the end of the storage period also noticed for lactic acid bacteria. Statistical higher values of pH were registered in raw materials and end of storage in winter batch. S. aureus was confirmed only in the winter batch within samples (n=4) of stored cheese. On plates used for E. coli O157 detection, colonies of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca were isolated. The results suggest that the highest bacterial population in the winter batch was associated to a higher pH in stored cheese and a higher number of biological hazards identified. Their isolation started in the maturation room suggesting this step as relevant for possible cheese contamination.

Fin dagli ultimi decenni del XX secolo, la tecnologia ed il digitale hanno avuto una rapida evoluzione e con l’inizio del millennio la globalizzazione ha ridotto le distanze spaziali favorendo la diffusione della nuova tecnologia e velocizzando la crescita del mondo digitale. Anche nell’Architettura e nel Design l’avvento del digitale ha favorito lo sviluppo delle più recenti metodologie di analisi e di studio e soprattutto di nuovi linguaggi di comunicazione del Progetto. Il testo mette in evidenza le varie possibilità di restituzione del percorso progettuale quando ottenute con l’uso del digitale. Si evidenzieranno le principali differenze raffrontando il linguaggio del disegno digitale e dell’applicazione del digitale come supporto al disegno.

The article presents the OLESchool research, which conducted a feasibility study aimed at the definition of an integrated learning ecosystem model in which the school system becomes the focus of an open learning environment. The research considered the criticalities, priorities and limitations related to the pandemic event, highlighting the resources and opportunities generated, and aimed to identify those success factors and criteria for building prototypes and hypotheses of expected results to be implemented at a subsequent stage. The research adopted a collaborative approach starting with the stakeholder engagement process. The research team applied a methodological design inspired by the Grounded Theory paradigm, studying the phenomenon holistically from different points of view with qualitative-quantitative parallel research phases and triangulation between researchers, theories, data and tools. The contribution presents the results, distinguished between output and outcome of the research. Ecosistemi educativi: un modello di ricerca applicato in quattro territori della Toscana. Il contributo presenta la ricerca OLESchool che ha visto la realizzazione di uno studio di fattibilità volto alla definizione di un modello di ecosistema formativo integrato dove il sistema scolastico diventa fulcro di un ambiente di apprendimento aperto. Sono state tenute in considerazione criticità, priorità e vincoli relativi all’evento pandemico, facendo emergere le risorse e le opportunità scaturite e puntando all’individuazione di quei fattori di successo e criteri di costruzione di prototipi e ipotesi di risultati attesi da implementare in una fase successiva. La ricerca ha seguito un approccio di tipo collaborativo a partire dal processo di stakeholder engagement. È stato adottato un disegno metodologico ispirato al paradigma della Grounded Theory, studiando il fenomeno in modo olistico da punti di vista differenti, con fasi di ricerca parallele quali-quantitative e trasversali di triangolazione tra ricercatori, teorie, dati e strumenti. Nel contributo sono presentati i risultati distinti tra output e outcome della ricerca.

The authors would like to correct the authorship in this publication, for the below-mentioned reason. Four co-authors (Johanna Pamp Sünje, Hanne Mordhorst, Claudia Wylezich, Casper Poulsen) have not been listed in the original version of the paper, due to an underestimation of the time needed to publish the results of PT as a whole, for which the dataset selected as described in the manuscript has been submitted. As a consequence, part of the mock community used in the PT has been described in the paper published in Italian Journal of Food Safety for the first time. Therefore, these authors involved in the design and preparation of the mock community, as well as spiking of the samples, should be added. Their contribution is detailed below: - Pamp Sünje Johanna, designed mock community, contribution to design of ring trial. - Mordhorst Hanne, preparation of the spiked samples, shipping ring trial samples. - Wylezich Claudia, conceptualization and addition of the virus in the mock community. - Poulsen Casper, preparation of the mock community. The online version of the original article can be found under doi: 10.4081/ijfs.2019.8462

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I contratti di livello non sono lo strumento per trasformare liberi coltivatori in una nuova classe di coloni dipendenti, ma rispecchiano una pluralità di condizioni sociali dei contraenti, dai proprietari, che rimangono tali, ai nullatenenti. Questa nuova lettura suggerisce una più puntuale interpretazione anche degli inventari e polittici dei secoli IX e X, nei quali i libellarii sono poco rappresentati e sono assimilati agli uomini liberi, mentre la maggioranza dei contadini dipendenti è legata a rapporti di lavoro più gravosi e spesso è di condizione servile.

Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen able to survive and grow in different environments including food processing plants where it can persist for month or years. In the present study the discriminatory power of Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS)-based analysis (cgMLST) was compared to that of molecular typing methods on 34 L. monocytogenes isolates collected over one year in the same rabbit meat processing plant and belonging to three genotypes (ST14, ST121, ST224). Each genotype included isolates indistinguishable by standard molecular typing methods. The virulence potential of all isolates was assessed by Multi Virulence-Locus Sequence Typing (MVLST) and the investigation of a representative database of virulence determinant genes. The whole genome of each isolate was sequenced on a MiSeq platform. The cgMLST, MVLST, and in silico identification of virulence genes were performed using publicly available tools. Draft genomes included a number of contigs ranging from 13 to 28 and N50 ranging from 456298 to 580604. The coverage ranged from 41 to 187X. The cgMLST showed a significantly superior discriminatory power only in comparison to ribotyping, nevertheless it allows the detection of two singletons belonging to ST14 that were not observed by other molecular methods. All ST14 isolates belonged to VT107, which 7-loci concatenated sequence differs for only 4 nucleotides to VT1 (Epidemic clone III). Analysis of virulence genes showed the presence of a fulllength inlA version in all ST14 isolates and of a mutated version including a premature stop codon (PMSC) associated to attenuated virulence in all ST121 isolates.

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El objetivo de este documento, es presentar resultados de un estudio en curso, comenzando con el análisis de la cortina externa en ladrillos de los muros Aurelianos. Como metodología de estudio, las capas de ladrillos fueron inspeccionadas a través de muestras de sus superficies, seleccionando partes de 1x1m2 dibujados en CAD, utilizando fotos sin distorsión. Dichas muestras, fueron medidas en detalle, para generar análisis de estadísticas cuantitativas de los elementos constituyentes de éstas cortinas, para obtener standars, que pueden describir sus características. En esta primera fase, tratamos de comparar algunas de los más importantes fabricantes de ladrillos imperiales, cada una con características especificas. El muestrario ha cubierto extensivamente los muros aurelianos, concentrándose en los periodos de Aureliano y Honorio. Luego, fueron estudiadas paredes de ladrillos de edificios de época neroniana, frente al valle del Coliseo; subestructuras de las termas de Trajano; sectores de la Domus Tiberiana, en dirección a la falda norte del Palatino.

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