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Over the centuries, humanity has gone through various revolutions in data and information management that have increased, clarified or facilitated the evolution of knowledge. The Western world has evolved thanks to a succession of strategies developed to maximise the amount of information. The increasing computer performance has made the process of creating and transmitting data so fast and cheap to bring the information volume available to exceed a crucial threshold, leading to the advent of the so-called Big Data age. For the first time in human history, we have more data than we can handle. The discipline of drawing and representation is not exempt from this process. This density requires innovative methodologies necessary to structure the representations according to multiple scales and information supports. The computer does not understand the meanings, but unlike the human being, it can use this abnormal amount of unordered information to identify regularities. It then becomes possible to study natural phenomena and biological systems previously unassailable due to their complexity levels, to extract principles to be reproduced by digital processes in (eco)sustainable anthropogenic artefacts design. Computational design permits a high level of abstraction and more in-depth analysis that allows different disciplines hybridisation in designing artefacts whose properties are not only the result of formal, syntactic or linguistic issues, but they acquire living systems typical characteristics, such as the capacity to adapt, transform itself and self-organise. The knowledge and control of biomorphic patterns application promote project sustainability since nature always pursues the maximum efficiency of its systems. This paper presents experimental morphological studies aimed at realising artefacts with characteristics similar to natural systems.DOI: https://doi.org/10.20365/disegnarecon.26.2021.6

Uno dei fondamentali problemi tecnici progettuali riguarda la connessione delle parti componenti gli artefatti. In questo senso l’antica arte della tessitura presenta aspetti interessanti e attuali, che si applicano al campo del design e dell’architettura e rimarcano la verità delle affermazioni di Gottfried Semper riguardo la classificazione di materiali e tecniche costruttive. Il connubio tra tecnologia digitale e pattern della tessitura, derivazione dello sviluppo della struttura del nodo/bottone nell’intreccio e poi nel merletto, permette di realizzare strutture tessili applicabili in molteplici settori e dotate di proprietà prestazionali ed estetiche derivate dagli archetipi formali propri della costruzione del tessuto. Fin dall’invenzione nel XVII secolo del telaio Jacquard, l’innovazione tecnologica ha dato notevole impulso al settore tessile. Partendo dalla tradizione cinquecentesca del merletto a fuselli milanese, passando per le interpretazioni novecentesche nell’ambito delle scuole legate al Movimento Moderno e arrivando alle interpretazioni odierne, la ricerca ha l’obiettivo di sperimentare l’applicazione di strutture generate da algoritmi digitali per la produzione dei manufatti e per la valorizzazione di un patrimonio di saperi. Definiti gli elementi di base, i movimenti d’intreccio e il ciclo completo da ripetere nella tradizione del merletto, è possibile ricreare la struttura formale mediante il controllo geometrico dei parametri di forma e movimento.

La chiesa milanese di Santa Maria presso San Satiro documenta un’integrazione sperimentale tra prospettiva ed architettura nella quale la prospettiva accelerata del coro simula una profondità paragonabile a quella del transetto. L’efficacia dell’inganno prospettico dimostra la qualità della scienza prospettica locale e giustifica la ricerca delle variabili prospettiche, confrontando le ipotesi precedenti alla luce di un rilievo adeguato del coro inserito nell’architettura reale. La ricerca si basa sulla ricostruzione tridimensionale dello spazio interno dell’architettura virtuale pensata dal Bramante. Partendo da una campagna di rilievo, che ha integrato metodologie dirette con la scansione laser, è stato ricostruito il punto di vista privilegiato attraverso la simulazione digitale dello spazio immaginario dell’architettura bramantesca. Il montaggio di 24 nuvole di punti e la successiva rielaborazione in superfici mesh ha permesso di verificare la precisione della costruzione e di apprezzare alcune anomalie inedite dissimulate dall’apparato ornamentale che rendono difficoltosa la collocazione univoca del punto di vista, in particolare il disassamento del coro rispetto all’asse della navata e altre asimmetrie d’impianto. La ricostruzione virtuale evidenzia un punto di vista teorico diverso da quelli già ipotizzati e spiega il disegno progettuale che individua la prospettiva solida di San Satiro come il primo modello di scenografia teatrale moderna.

L’articolo propone una riflessione metodologica sull’educazione alle STEM che pone l’attenzione su alcuni elementi che possano rappresentare un’innovazione del modo in cui si concepisce l’apprendimento in questo ambito. Lo fa attraverso l’analisi di Future Inventors, un progetto del Museo Nazionale della Scienza e della Tecnologia Leonardo da Vinci, che aspira a creare un nuovo approccio all’educazione alle STEM trasferibile nella pratica scolastica. La riflessione pone attenzione particolare sull’esperienza estetica – qui intesa come una chiave di lettura del mondo che considera come inseparabili l’esperienza cognitiva e quella affettiva; integra la costruzione del sapere con l’apprezzamento della bellezza e della forza delle idee; e attiva un processo trasformativo attraverso cui comprendiamo meglio le cose e noi stessi – in un tentativo di riposizionarla al suo posto primario nel processo di un apprendimento nelle STEM più interdisciplinare ed ecologico.

In some recent papers the method of partial differences introduced by the author in [4] was very helpful in the construction of cyclic cycle systems. Here we use and describe in all details this method for the purpose of constructing, more generally, cycle decompositions with a sharply vertex transitive automorphism group not necessarily cyclic.

We prove that a hypergraph is a product of a finite number of edges if and only if it is interval-regular, satisfies the gated-edge property and has a vertex of finite degree. As a consequence, we get a characterization of Hamming graphs.

Objective: To evaluate if parenteral gold-therapy with Sodium-Gold Thyosolphatum is effective and safe for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis we began an open, multicenter trial. Methods: 126 rheumatoid arthritis patients were treated with Sodium-Gold Thyosolphatum for two years. Efficacy, quality of life, progression of joint damage, inflammatory parameters and side effects were evaluated. Results: Gold salts reduced joint inflammation and improved subjective and objective symptoms, quality of life and activity of illness within 6 months. Side effects appeared in 13,8% of all cases and regressed, promptly, when gold therapy stopped. The poor efficacy caused the interruption and the change from the gold therapy to others diseasemodifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMRDs) in 17,8 % of the patients. Conclusions: The follow-up showed Sodium-Gold Thyosolphatum was effective in Rheumatoid Arthritis and the survival in therapy was of 77,8% to one year and of 68,4% to two years.

About 10% of the Italian general population is affected by rheumatic diseases (RD). Due to their chronic and disabling nature, RD are cause of an annual economic burden evaluated in about 17,000 billions italian lire. In Italy, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) affects nearly 400,000 people. One hundred RA patients answered to a questionnaire concerning hospitalization during the first ten years of disease. Seventy-two patients needed hospitalization with a total of 147 hospital admissions. Eleven patients were admetted thrice to the hospital, 53 patients twice, and 8 patients only once with a mean number of hospital admissions per patients of 1.8. Hospitalization costs were calculated on the basis of the cost of the DRG for RA and inferred for the total population of Italian RA patients. The result was about 350 billions italian lire. Two methods were used in order to evaluate the economic impact of RA including both direct and indirect costs. First, internationally accepted criteria for cost assessment were applied to the Italian system. Second, different evaluations were performed by the authors. With the first method, direct and indirect costs were 3,000 and 3,500 billions Italian lire, respectively. With the second method, based on a more precise assesment of costs including the costs of wager from a reduction or cessation of work, the total costs for RA was between 3,100 and 3,600 billions Italian lire. Since psychological and social problems often influence patients with RA in relation to their families and society, the issue of intangible costs has also been addressed.

Copyright of Giornale Italiano di Medicina del Lavoro ed Ergonomia is the property of Giornale Italiano di Medicina del Lavoro ed Ergonomia Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Giornale Italiano di Medicina del Lavoro ed Ergonomia is the property of Giornale Italiano di Medicina del Lavoro ed Ergonomia Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Giornale Italiano di Medicina del Lavoro ed Ergonomia is the property of Giornale Italiano di Medicina del Lavoro ed Ergonomia Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Giornale Italiano di Medicina del Lavoro ed Ergonomia is the property of Giornale Italiano di Medicina del Lavoro ed Ergonomia Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)