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Misophonia is a disorder characterized by an increased sensitivity to specific sounds that could cause dysfunctional emotional and behavioral responses. In the last decade, following the increase in misophonic cases, there has been a greater interest in the scientific literature (Potgieter et al., 2019). However, from the analysis of scientific articles, few studies emerge to date that confirm the presence of clinical pictures in comorbidity with misophonia. This data is also the consequence of a lack of nosographic definition shared by the scientific population. Despite the growing interest, there are currently no clear and shared criteria for establishing a diagnosis of misophonia (Taylor, 2017). In this study, therefore, we will examine the concomitant disorders, observing their clinical characteristics and the impact of these in several areas of life, in the developmental and adult age. The main objective of this work is to collect and summarize the studies published in recent years in order to provide a greater contribution to the already existing literature, highlighting the need to clearly and reliably outline the criteria and comorbidities. Furthermore, the results that emerged could help clinicians understand the most frequent comorbid disorders, which can thus be observed and evaluated during patient management. A literature search was conducted following the guidelines of the Prisma method (Moher et al., 2009), based on studies of the last twelve years, 2010-2022, which reported the presence of comorbidities in misophonia. Four search engines were used (Pubmed, Scholar, Ovid, Scopus), 147 articles were identified and selected on the basis of title and abstract. After selection, a total of 36 articles were included in the review. The keywords used were "misophonia, comorbidity, comorbidities". The analysis of the articles highlighted frequent comorbid disorders with misophonia, in particular with anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive spectrum, mood, trauma-related events and neurodevelopment. The scarce availability of articles in the literature with reference to the developmental age did not allow to delineate, in a reliable and valid way, the comorbidities present as the studies mainly refer to clinical cases. The results seen from an application point of view could be a starting point for clinicians to reflect on the importance of considering this condition when taking care of patients with misophonia. The results in adulthood report the limit, at a clinical and research level, in the definition of misophonia, contributing to a lot of confusion in the evaluation and management of the patient with misophonic symptoms. However, the potential benefit of such work could help to make methodological improvements in the future and allow for a definition with clear and distinct characteristics that may set misophonia as a separate condition from other disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biological drugs are effective treatments for chronic inflammatory diseases, including severe bronchial asthma. These drugs are administered by subcutaneous injection and for some years now, there have been several self-injection devices such as pre-filled syringes and pens designed to offer patients the opportunity to choose a device that helps them deal with their condition. In fact, self-administration creates greater involvement and greater awareness because the patient takes control of their own therapeutic path, improving adherence and, consequently, the results of long-term treatment. In any case, the correct identification of the suitable patient, adequate educational training, and maintaining periodic clinical follow-ups at the relevant healthcare facilities are essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An increasing body of evidence shows the occurrence of asthma epidemics, sometimes also severe, during thunderstorms in the pollen season in various geographical zones. The main hypothesis explaining association between thunderstorms and asthma claims that thunderstorms can concentrate pollen grains at ground level; these grains may then release allergenic particles of respirable size in the atmosphere after their rupture by osmotic shock. During the first 20-30 minutes of a thunderstorm, patients suffering from pollen allergy may inhale a high concentration of the allergenic material dispersed into the atmosphere, which can, in turn, induce asthmatic reactions, often severe. Subjects without asthma symptoms but affected by seasonal rhinitis can also experience an asthma attack. All subjects affected by pollen allergy should be alerted to the danger of being outdoors during a thunderstorm in the pollen season, as such events may be an important cause of severe bronchial obstruction. Considering this background, it is useful to predict thunderstorms during pollen season and, thus, to prevent thunderstorm-related clinical event. However, it is also important to focus on therapy, and it is not sufficient that subjects at risk of asthma follow a correct therapy with bronchodilators, but they also need to inhale corticosteroids, using both in case of emergency.

In a scientifically and technologically advanced context, where it is possible to postpone death at our will, the life will may be a tool for guaranteeing the patient's right and freedom to decide on whether and how to be cured. Debate regarding the life will is extremely important but a very delicate issue. This study describes the results of a survey performed on 200 people living in Central Italy using an ISPO 2009 questionnaire.Its aims were: to analyze the feelings of Italians on the questions surrounding the end of life; examine the doctor-patient relationship and the life will; find out how knowledge has changed since 2009; record opinions on a law governing the life will and how opinions have changed since 2009. Results showed that knowledge of the life will and its various aspects was severely lacking and that there has been no improvement in such knowledge since 2009 . There is a significant gap to be filled regarding end of life issues and, given their constant presence at this time, nurses could play an important role.

Unlabelled: About 35-40% of hospital infections arise from the urinary tract and 75-80% of these are attributable to vesical catheterization. In patients operated for vertebro-medullary pathologies, removal of the catheter represents a delicate moment, due to the possibility of neurological bladder . To date, no rating method exists to determine when the catheter should be removed. The aim of this study was to test a system for determining catheter removal in such patients, to reduce the incidence of urinary infections and the need for further catheterization. A case-control study was performed on 139 patients surgically treated for vertebro-medullary pathologies in the Neurosurgical Division of Rome "Sapienza" University Hospital between May 2008 and February 2009, collecting and monitoring data for all patients and creating an assessment scale for the study group comprising 4 variables influencing minction: sensory perception, mobility, pain, pre-existing sphincter disturbances., Results: In the experimental group, catheterization times were shorter in comparison to the control group and the incidence of both urinary retention and permanent catheterization after removal were lower.. There was a complete absence of urinary infections in the experimental group compared to 6.52% in the control group.