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The present paper discusses two types of mid-line marking attested in Romance traditions instantiations of Renaissance metre and outlines an explanation for their structural differences. On the one hand, some poetic traditions, namely, French and Catalan, preserved the caesura of the source form. On the other hand, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese poetry developed a kind of mid-line marking which is based on the obligatory prominence of a metrical position in the middle of the line. A further distinction can be made when considering that French and Catalan caesurae are not exactly the same: in French, this plays the role of the only metrical element smaller than the line; ln Catalan, instead, a prominent position line-medially is also dividing the line in two hemistiches. Catalan caesura constitutes a hybrid form between a proper caesura, in the French way, and a prominence mid-line marking system.

IgD lambda multiple myeloma: immunoglobulin isotype switch after autologous stem cell transplantation. IgD multiple myeloma (MM) is a rare disease affecting less than 2% of patients with MM, and it is frequently characterized by an aggressive course. It is usually associated with low monoclonal protein levels, so adequate diagnostic procedures have to be performed in order to identify the involved monoclonal component (MC). We present a case of 38-year-old man with acute kidney disease caused by an IgD lambda MM. Diagnosis was achieved by serum protein electrophoresis and immunofixation with anti IgD and IgE antisera. After autologous stem cell transplantations (ASCT) the patient developed a MC different from the original isotype, followed by an oligoclonal bands (OB) pattern. Recently, the occurrence of MC and OB unrelated to the original clone has been proven to be an important favorable prognostic factor in patients with MM who undergo ASCT. The role of the protein laboratory at diagnosis and during follow up of MM patients is highlighted.