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The fourth edition of the REAACH-ID symposium, coordinated by Andrea Giordano (University of Padua), Roberta Spallone (Politecnico di Torino) and Michele Russo (Sapienza Università di Roma), was held in telematic mode from 10 to 11 October 2023 (fig. 1). Resuming the debate addressed in previous edi- tions, on the challenges that the new digital methods offer to experts and scholars in the field of representation, the event aimed to focus attention on the possibility of connecting ‘extended” reality (XR) technologies –which includes augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR) and mixed reality (MR)– with the disciplines that employ artificial intelligence (AI). In this sense, the call proposed an exposure, in terms of applications and experimentation, to the worlds of tangible and intangible cultural heritage, architectural, environmental, infrastructural and product design, and education, as a place of higher education as well as a tool for educational enhancement. [read more]

Introduction: There are an estimated 26 million rare disease patients in Europe, about 2 million in Italy. Access to orphan drugs has been evaluated nationally and internationally, and delays have been observed due to evaluation of price and therapeutic value. The objectives of this study are: to assess the availability of EMA-authorized orphan drugs at national and regional level; to study time trends and regional variability in consumption and spending, and to estimate the time to access in Italian regions. Methods: We evaluate the availability of EMA authorized orphan drugs in Italy. Based on data from the Traceability of medicines dataflow for period 2016-2021 we evaluate the expenditure, consumption and availability of orphan drugs in each region. To estimate the time to access we consider the days between the end of negotiation procedure and the first purchase by regions. Results: In 2021 in Italy are available 94% of EMA authorized orphan drugs. The expenditure and consumption have grown during the last decade. The availability is higher in bigger regions, that also take care of patients from smaller regions. The pro capite expenditure and consumption in DDD/1,000 ab die is similar in all the geographic area. Time to regional access is on average 123 days, that grows to 224 excluding the orphan drugs dispensed before the end of reimbursement procedure.

The study is devoted to numerical approximations in Russian and Italian, in particular to the so-called “round” numbers, as main vehicles of semantic vagueness. Both languages provide for the possibility of a dual cardinal and approximate reading of numbers. In Russian, a particularly privileged environment for the observation of round numbers is the approximate inversion of which are investigated the main mechanisms, the compatibility with certain numbers, the relationship of solidarity with the referents within the phrase. The analysis is supported by the list of frequencies of the main round numbers and nouns within the approximate phrases, based on the occurrences of the National Corpus of the Russian Language. The last part of the study is devoted to the translations of the approximate inversions into Italian and the main translation strategies detected by the Russian-Italian parallel corpus.

Nel gennaio 2001 si verificò presso Marcellina (area metropolitana di Roma), alle pendici occidentali dei Monti Lucretili, un fenomeno di sprofondamento catastrofico improvviso. Il sinkhole è collocato in località Pozzo Grande, area pianeggiante posta allo sbocco di diversi valloni che solcano profondamente la dorsale carbonatica (Fig. 1). Dopo molti decenni, fu il primo caso documentato in tempo reale nel territorio provinciale di Roma; la memoria storica porta infatti agli analoghi collassi osservati nella vicina bassa Valle del Tevere, presso Leprignano (l’odierna Capena), ripetutisi ciclicamente tra la fine del XIX secolo e le prime decadi del Novecento (Console e Nisio 2020), in un’area che di recente ha dato segni di attività con l’evento sismico di bassa magnitudo del 4 ottobre 2020 e una serie di boati percepiti nei giorni successivi [...].

Introduction: During workflow in Laboratories the most delicate and important step is pre-analytic sample treatment because it involves more than one operator of the same structure and often different health services. In fact, the biological materials used for the diagnosis should be collected, sent and properly treated before the analytic phase. Correct methods for collecting and handling biological materials, including guidelines to users of laboratory services, improve performance of Laboratory testing activity. In the pre-analytic phase the operators check sample integrity, and prepare the sample for the subsequent analytic phase: in all these steps monitoring and control of “non- compliance” is crucial. Methods: During 2007-2008 we created a “non- compliance” check-list, to monitor errors which occurred in different sectors of the preanalytic phase, particularly in the nucleic acid extraction step. These “non-compliances” are analysed to identify and to remove errors, adopting preventive and corrective proceedings. Since 2008 we have been using DNA/RNA internal controls synthesized in our Laboratory. They can be amplified by the same primers and recognized by different probes. Results: Examination of the “non compliance” check-list for molecular biology investigations shows that the percentage of urine repeat samples decreased from 17% to 2% and the percentage of stool repeat samples from 27% to 2%. Regarding use of internal controls, they allow the assessment of inhibitory factors that can prevent gene amplification. Conclusions: Monitoring “non-compliance” cases and dividing them by typology allow us identifying the most frequent causes of incorrect sample handling, as a non optimal procedure of pre-treatment, thus improving the pre-analytic phase. Therefore by monitoring the preanalytic phase we can prevent the introduction of confounding factors that may negatively influence the accuracy of results and their interpretation. Before proceeding to gene amplification, biological samples must be properly purified to eliminate lipids, proteins, polysaccharides and other potential inhibitors of DNA polymerase.

This research investigates – through two studies conducted on a sample of Italian and foreign students – the factors potentially involved in the phenomenon of ethnic bullying and its connections with school achievement, social networks and students’ perceived school integration. In the first study a series of information was collected on Italian students’ bullying (N = 1638) which showed a negative relationship with school performance and the perception of integration with their foreign schoolmates, while the social network was not relevant. Study 2 analyzed the victimization of foreign students (N = 425) and significant and negative relationships only with the extension of the social network were found. These results, in addition to requiring an in-depth examination of this subject, suggest that greater attention should be paid to the educational pathways and to the anti-bullying intervention programs, considering both the levels of school integration between immigrant and native students and the social networks, and highlighting the social nature of the phenomenon.

The primary purpose of this work is the definition of a protocol for the accuracy check in a BIM process, from digital survey to three-dimensional reconstruction. The development of a BIM model for existing buildings is, in fact, basically a reverse engineering operation and, as far as the reproduction of the geometries is concerned, a coded pipeline for the accuracy control is still missing. The result of the modelling process is a local volumetric entity where the object of interest is decomposed into portions and each element is described through a finite number of parameters. This model then becomes the repository of all the systematised data collected for Villa Rufolo, a landmark of the Amalfi Coast, to define an environment that can offer a valid support to decision-making processes for future restorations.DOI: https://doi.org/10.20365/disegnarecon.26.2021.1

Il testo teatrale From Medea – Maternity Blues di Grazia Verasani mette in scena la maternità che uccide, ma suggerisce anche un possibile viatico di salvezza che fa perno sulla rinegoziazione dei diversi significati di maternità e di solidarietà tra donne. Come suggerisce il titolo, le quattro protagoniste sono madri infanticide o figlicide, malate (affette, almeno in due casi, da maternity blues, o sindrome post partum) o forse persino folli. La pièce evoca il mito di Medea, ma sembra in apparenza discostarsi da quella tendenza novecentesca, indicata da Fusillo, che ha visto il proliferare di testi che si richiamano variamente al mito di Medea e si incentrano sul nucleo tematico della barbarie, per l’evidente contemporaneità delle questioni legate all’alterità geografica e culturale. Se in From Medea la barbarie non viene attualizzata né viene proposta alla stregua di schema antropologico di ampio respiro come indicato dai due modelli proposti da Fusillo, qui si vuole dimostrare che anche in quest’opera la barbarie (il cui etimo greco indica nella balbuzie il marchio dell’alterità linguistica e culturale) costituisce il nucleo tematico in quanto rappresenta la forma e la sostanza di una sorta di “meccanismo inceppato” che pervade le protagoniste. Con riferimento alla definizione delle memorie traumatiche di Suzette Henke, si intende esplorare come tale meccanismo non coinvolga soltanto il parlare franto e interrotto, ma si riveli anche nei comportamenti delle protagoniste, come conseguenza sia del conflitto tra il modello proposto dalla società patriarcale e il senso di maternità da loro variamente declinata, sia come conseguenza della memoria del trauma dell’omicidio. Inoltre, con riferimento alle teorizzazioni di Cavarero sulla maternità, si vuole esplorare quale viatico per la salvezza l’autrice individui per le donne-lettrici-spettatrici, e quale modello venga proposto per poter affrancare la maternità dal pesante fardello delle costruzioni dell’ordine simbolico maschile che si è appropriato della capacità generativa femminile per ingabbiarla in un sistema di oppressione.

This paper emphasizes the importance of groundwater resources of Rome with regard to its protection, and the associated issues. There are different tipologies of interference between human presence and groundwater in the city, ranging from the presence of water circulating inside the thick layers of anthropogenic deposits, the frequent contamination of groundwater, the presence of mining activities, the presence of archaeological heritage in underground or in low areas affected by flooding also induced by water table rising. Despite the various issues that are found, the knowledge of groundwater resources of Rome can be an important starting point to enhance its protection s and take advantage of the related countless benefits also aim to increase urban resilience.

In the present study, 80 samples of herbs and spices were analyzed for the presence of Bacillus cereus, Salmonella spp., , Escherichia coli, total and fecal coliforms, Enterobacteriacaee, total mesophilic and psychrophilic aerobic organisms, and fungi. Samples were packaged in polyethylene bags or glass containers.High levels of mesophilic aerobic microorganisms were found in most of the samples. B. cereus was present in 27 samples, Clostrium perfringens was isolated from 3 samples, Salmonella spp. was not detected.

Forty fractures of the humerus associated with radial nerve palsy were reviewed after an average follow-up of 11 years. Early exploration of the radial nerve and internal fixation of the fracture was performed in 20 patients, while the other 20 patients were treated by closed reduction and immobilization in a plaster cast. In four patients of the latter group the radial nerve did not recover and a delayed exploration was performed. In each treatment group functional recovery of the radial nerve was observed in 16 patients (80%). On the basis of these results the authors suggest treating fractures of the humerus with radial nerve palsy by closed reduction. If there is no evidence of spontaneous recovery within 3-4 months, an exploration of the radial nerve should be performed.