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Aim of this work is to highlight some psychic consequences of post-modernity and particularly the sliding towards more archaic levels of functioning. Therefore, after presenting some distinctive characteristics of post-modernity, we briefly report some data related to the last Censis report on the social situation in Italy, we continue highlighting the emergence of some specific behavioral and relational difficulties show by the recent clinical literature and, finally, using as a vertex of analysis the groupanalytic theory, we propose a key of reading still little explored, on the link between the changes registered at the social level and those recorded at the psychic level (affects, thoughts, behaviors) that can explain the general shift towards more archaic levels of operation.

Research is currently moving in the direction of an integration between the outcome measures of the patients and the relational and/or structural factors that can facilitate their change. It is increasingly important to focus studies on the relationship between process and outcome, especially with regard to psychodynamic group therapy. These treatments, very complex and difficult to operationalize, still pose critical questions for research such as what are the main elements of the therapeutic process that are activated in these therapies?Many efforts are to be made in understanding which factors develop in groups and the conditions that positively influence the success of therapy. Important is, moreover, the work of conceptual and "operational" depth on the different constructs, to better understand their nature and differences and build tools to more easily detect their features. Therapeutic alliance and cohesion are among the most investigated process variables, because of their role on the results of therapy.This study investigates these two variables in a therapeutic group with severe patients and analyzes their associations with treatment outcomes in term of symptoms and defenses. A long-term, semi-open group meeting on a weekly basis was examined. The observation was carried out for a period of 18 months, for a total amount of 50 sessions; 11 patients with different diagnoses in Axis I and II DSM IV were examined. Outcome measures: SCL-90 - Symptom Check List; OQ-45 - Outcome Questionnaire 45.2; DSQ - Defense Style Questionnaire.Process measures: CALPAS-G: California Psychotherapy Alliance Scale-Group; GMLCS: Group/Member/Leader Cohesion Scale. The observation period was divided into 3 phases according to re-modulations of the setting (new entries, overcomes, dropout). Significant correlations between alliance, cohesion and outcomes were found in the three phases. During the phase of greater instability, the predominant role of cohesion and, more generally, dimensions related to group commitment emerge. Results offer interesting suggestions about the differentiation between Alliance and Cohesion and their different relationship with outcomes and process evolution.

nsformations society has faced in the transition from modernity to postmodernity have shaken the traditional group dimensions, and thereby, personal identity itself. The stray of the sense of belonging, linked to the consideration of some cultural, linguistic, religious traditions as our own, not only prevents from understanding the world. It also hampers the possibility to internalize all those aspects of the experience of "belonging" which, when lost, become nothing more than fragments of an essentially uncertain and provisional world. Taking up some of the concepts of the subjectual group analysis theory of personality, the article proposes a reflection on why some recent anthropological changes may represent a threat in relation to the development of individual identity, with a special focus on the concept of dis-identity. It will therefore highlight the instability of identification dynamics and the connection of this weak spot to the development of new forms of psychopathology.After illustrating the fragility of the internalization process of the composing elements of individual identity, the article associates the partial shadowing of the intersubjective dimension with the emergence of new psychopathological figures.