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Introduction: Incestuous behaviors are often placed in family constellations that are highly dysfunctional from the perspective of communication between members and also with regard to the roles and expectations held in the family. The expert case being presented reflects these characteristics., Methods: Beginning with an expert case of particular interest with respect to incestuousness and destructibility, the authors report considerations from a clinical criminological and forensic psychological-psychiatric point of view on the link between the two item., Conclusions: A careful historical, anthropological, documentary reconstruction, the examination of the relational set-up of the various subjects involved, and not only the clinical and psychodiagnostic aspects, are the indispensable premises, in order to make overall sense of crimes in families of particular complexity, difficult to decipher, such as those exposed in the present scientific work.

Summary: The aim of this research is to analyse the phenomenon of workplace bullying in two countries: Italy and France and trying to understand the differences among them. The words used to refer to it are respectively "mobbing" in Italy and "harcèlement moral" in France. The research analyse the phenomenon's characteristics through the opinion of an expert sample, belonging to different areas linked to their cultural background. They were selected by the researchers for their expertise and experience on this topic. The tool used was a semi-structured interview conducted in vivo by the researcher. The data resulting were processed as follow: a qualitative analysis was conducted through the production of short synthesis for each interview; a quantitative analysis was conducted through the attempt to standardize the qualitative answers in percentage data. The results shows the existence of different phenomenon's characteristics in the two countries., Competing Interests: The authors of this article have no conflict of interests to disclose., (Copyright© by GIMLE.)

The authors of this study tackle the complex subject of parricide, which is a rare and often brutal form of homicide. Parricide has a high emotional impact on public opinion and on our collective imagination, especially in light of the fact that the perpetrators are often minors.. Three striking cases of parricide, taken from various documented sources and judicial files from the "N. Fornelli" Juvenile Penal Institute (Bari, Italy), are presented here. A review of the literature on the topic has revealed differences between parricides committed by adults and those committed by minors. In the end, the complex issues underlying such an unusual crime are connected to abuses and maltreatment that minor perpetrators of parricide have suffered, especially the emotional processes that are activated.

Psychological cults are of particular interest to criminologists due to their complex and multi-faceted structures. They may come in the form of organizations, movements, and training centers that make promises to their victims of developing or strengthening their psycho-relational capacities, thus resulting in improvements in their social, professional, and personal lives. Starting from the complex and delicate story of a professional couple who join a cult, the authors describe one case of a organization that are referred to as "psycho-sects", and with a significant number of followers. These cases came to our attention through judicial authorities, and they offer us an opportunity to look at two aspects associated with psycho-sects: The need of individuals to belong to such groups; and the risk of abuse and violence that they face.

Aim: This study has the aim to represent the degree of information/training about the identification of possible stalking acts and their frequency, within the context of public and private National Healthcare and Social Assistance., Materials and Methods: Socio-demographic data both of victims and possible stalkers, circumstances of events and the emotional responses of victims are gathered up by a multiple choice questionnaire , made by 20 questions, given to a sample of 101 subjects, which are practitioners within Healthcare and Social Assistance area (doctors, psychologists, nurses, social-health operators) both of public and private health facilities., Results: Considering our sample, subjects which point out harassments linked to stalking are 30/101 (29.7%). Female sex is mainly represented F=22/30 (73, 3%) compared to male sex M=8/30 (26, 7%). 30, 14% of female health operators (nr 22/73) and 28, 57% of male health operators (nr 8/28) affirm that they are victims of harassments., Discussion: The results indicate a lack of attention towards the stalking phenomenon, a limited trust of victims to the institutions, but also the persistence of a backward culture, within social and health services, about stalking, preventatives strategies of it and counter-actions of the harassment. Only a small part of them, 16.1%, reports what is happened or turn to anti-violence centres., Conclusion: The study highlights that information about stalking and its psychological consequences on victims/operators are insufficient in social and health area. It is necessary the star up of awareness campaigns, which gives information to practitioners of public and private Healthcare and Social Assistance area about characteristics of stalking and the way by which avoid its risks and prevent it.

Scope: The aim of this study is to gain a clear understanding of the level of knowledge and training of staff members from psychiatric rehabilitation services in the Province of Taranto (Italy), where patients released from judicial psychiatric hospitals will be admitted., Materials and Methods: A questionnaire taken from an earlier study on judicial psychiatric hospitals, conducted by The Ministry of Justice of the Department Penitentiary Administration - Superior Institute of Penitentiary Studies, was used in this study. Were contacted in advance of Directors 8 Community Rehabilitation and Psychiatric Care and Day Care Centres 7 present the province of Taranto, who has sought membership survey., Results: Many requests for information and training regarding the problems and challenges related to the management of individuals who are mentally ill, perpetrators of crimes, and persons who are held in protective custody are made by those who work in these institutions., Conclusions: Hospital workers are highly apprehensive with regard to working with a patient population quite different from that which they are normally accustomed to. In order to confront these challenges, they, together with other colleagues from both the private and public services sector, have turned toward the concept of teamwork. One element of contradiction seems to be a low level of knowledge regarding what will be required of them when their work will be connected to the world of criminal justice in the future. The workers who were interviewed who have experience in working with patients from Judicial Psychiatric Hospitals seem to be up to the task of meeting the complex needs of the mentally ill and perpetrators of crimes within psychiatric rehabilitation facilities, as these patients must be kept under security.

Objectives: The aim of this work was to examine the role of substance use as factor which increase risk of assault., Materials and Methods: A review of the some of the most important international literature about drug-facilitated crimes is presented here., Results: The whole part of the papers shows a relationship between substance use and risk increase of assault, particularly in family violence and rape., Conclusions: The effects of psychotropic substances use depend on the user's emotional state and on drugs use expectations. This prospective shows that we need to be cautious in interpreting processes of linear causality between abusive behaviour, processes of victimisation, abuses and abnormal sexual behaviours, which are related to the patient's desires, enhanced and validated by drugs.

Introduction: Gender identity disorder (GID) is a mental disorder in which gender identity is incongruent with the anatomical sex, in the absence of any clear and defined genetic or biological alteration. The diagnosis of GID as well as the assessment of patient eligibility for sex reassignment surgery (SRS) are prerequisite to the legal recognition procedure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the Rorschach test in differential diagnosis determination and primarily in providing information on patient eligibility for SRS, in the framework of the clinical, therapeutic and forensic psychometric and psychodiagnostic assessment, and according to the World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) criteria., Materials and Methods: For this purpose we analysed the Rorschach test of 47 patients (33 GID and 14 GID NAS)., Results: Results show that GID NAS patients have greater difficulties in stress control and less adaptability, which could lead to disorganisation, impulsiveness, behavioural disorders, as well as higher levels of situational and chronic stress, with altered thought patterns and uncontrolled ideation, a higher frequency of thought disorders and disturbed relations, with lower quality and less adaptive interpersonal relationships, which are characterized by dependency and aggressive behaviours., Conclusions: This research shows that the Rorschach test cannot be used alone in the determination of the differential diagnosis between GID and GID NAS in the diagnosis and evaluation of patient eligibility for SRS, especially when comparing groups which do not shows significant differences in the prevalence of the main psychopathological disorders.

An extreme case of family violence against a child. Marianna is a child dead by hardships. The case, apparently far from nursing daily practice, is the occasion for reflecting how often the nursing profession witnesses situations at risk of remaining invisible unless somebody decides to take them on by collecting data, reporting signals, carefully observing.

The Law 833 of 1978 on the subject of psychiatric emergency treatments in absence of consensus has contributed to grant mental patients equal guaranties and equal constitutional rights which, until that moment, they had been denied. This standpoint includes TSO in favor of mental patients. Ordered by the constitutional laws which guarantee a person's inviolable rights, TSO finds itself positioned between individual freedom and the freedom of treatment on the one hand, and the right to safeguard health on the other hand. The procedure of TSO is noticeable in its various phases so as to provide for the various levels of safeguarding a person who is temporarily deprived of the capacity to express valid consensus. On the other side it also has a certain amount of flexibility in its application, which guarantees adaptability of the norm in various contexts and various incidental situations. Nevertheless, the complexity of the law on TSO, as well as the interpretation margins of the procedure have contributed to the creation of an application frame which is not free of criticism. In this context, the recommendations of the Conference of Regions and Autonomous Provinces have particular importance. These recommendations deserve careful analysis, both for the presence of elements of novelty (in the very particular cases of TSO for children under 18 and TSO for decisionally impaired subjects) and for the reminder of the full application of "non-hospitalized TSO". The latter was provided for in Law 833/78 but has never been adequately and completely adopted because it has never been explained in its concrete applicability. Therefore, bearing in mind the already known responsibility of a psychiatrist in an emergency case, and with renewed interest in new medical performance a psychiatrist of public service has to guarantee, we are preparing to give our contribution on the subject of professional obligations at a historical moment in which known trials seem to assign the responsibility for the "dangerousness" of a mental patient to the psychiatrist.

Specific definitions aside, the behaviours that are generally associated with stalking may be classified into three categories of acts: 1) following (including showing up at the victim's home and workplace, maintaining surveillance, and setting up coincidences); 2) communicating (by telephone, mail, leaving notes, graffiti, gifts, e-mail, and internet); including the ordering of goods and services in the victim's name; 3) attacking or committing acts of violence (threats, direct harassment of the victim or of people close to the victim, damaging of personal goods, false accusations, physical or sexual violence). The work here presented proposes to find empirical confirmation of the data cited in the scientific literature with particular attention paid to the studies carried out by Mullen, Pathé, Purcell and Meloy who proposed a criminological diagnostic category for stalkers, delineating their behaviors . We go on to highlight patterns of behavior, as well as physical and social characteristics as postulated by these authors, and found in the molesters investigated in this study.

A deep understanding of the characteristics of sex offenders may serve to improve clinical prevention and treatment programs. Mostly, however, this knowledge can aid in the creation of better re-education and rehabilitation programs as well as criminological treatment. In prison systems outside of Italy, the use of treatment programs specifically designed for sex offenders is commonplace, whereas in Italy, there is only sporadic experimentation in this field which is aimed at evaluating adults. If this is true for adults, it is even more so for the minors who commit this type of crime that gives rise to worry and a great sense of alarm. The aim of this work is to show the preliminary results of an empirical study that explores the mental representations of the parents of minors who commit acts of sexual violence towards other. This study is an ongoing in collaboration with the Juvenile Justice Center (Centro Giustizia Minorile) of the Region of Apulia, whose first data on 10 juvenile perpetrators of such specific crimes are presented here.

The aims of the present study are to test General Strain Theory's (GST) assumptions, and to integrate the model including the proactive-reactive aggression trait. GST hypothesizes crime to be enacted in response to extra-personal stimuli (strain) and their subsequent negative emotions, especially anger. However, there exist also internally-driven manifestations of crime (instrumental or proactive), motivated by stimuli that are of an intrapersonal origin. Further, individuals differ to each other in the tendency to commit reactive or proactive or both manifestations of crime. With the goal to gain a more comprehensive model, GST variables and the reactive-proactive aggression trait are together tested as to their ability to predict criminal behaviour. Participants in the present research are 68 adolescent males with age ranging from 14 to 19 (M = 16.94, SD = 0.95). Half of the participants were jailed adolescents at the Fornelli Juvenile Detention Centre in Bari, while the remaining were adolescents with no criminal record, matched for age and level of education with the former group. An interview was administered to assess the experienced strain events, anger, and crime committed by the participants in the three months preceding the interview and also before. The reactive-proactive aggression trait was additionally measured. Results of the present study supported GST's assumptions, and confirmed the utility of integrating the model to include the proactive-reactive aggression trait. Strain events experienced in three-month time were found to influence property and violent offences committed by participants in the same time-interval as well as over this time. Furthermore,jailed participants were more likely to react with anger, and violence to strain events than non-jailed individuals, although the number of events experienced by both groups in the preceding months is similar. Finally, the results of the present study showed that proactive aggression is a strong predictor of criminal behaviour.

In chronic steatosic liver disease, alcohol or non-alcohol related or HBV, HCV, HDV associated, a reduction in hepatic glutathione and, consequently, in the detoxifying effects of hepatocytes is observed. Intravenous administration of high dose glutathione in patients with chronic steatosic liver disease has shown that glutathione significantly improves the rate of some hepatic tests (bilirubin, GOT, GPT, GT) even several months after treatment interruption. Further confirmation of the efficacy of GSH treatment is provided by the reduction of malondialdehyde, a marker of hepatic cell damage. The optimal results obtained in patients receiving 1800 mg/die/i.v. advocate the use of this high dosage.