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Copyright of SCENARIO: Official Italian Journal of ANIARTI is the property of ANIARTI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cervical aortic arch is a rare malformation that often has anatomical abnormalities of the supra-aortic trunks and may also be associated with aortic stenosis, aneurysms, or cardiac malformations. To correct them, symptomatic patients undergo surgery, which usually consists of a prosthetic graft repair, aortoplasty patch, or an end-to-end anastomosis. In addition, circulatory arrest and deep hypothermia are often required, as in aortic arch surgery. We report the case of a 13-year-old patient who underwent correction of a right cervical aortic arch stenosis with a post-stenotic aneurysm between the origin of the right carotid artery and the right subclavian artery. The anatomy of the aortic branches was abnormal. The surgical procedure consisted of an extensive resection with direct end-to-end anastomosis, without the use of a prosthetic graft, using moderate hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass and without circulatory arrest.

The anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the left sinus with interarterial course is a rare but life-threatening coronary abnormality. Coronary computed tomography is crucial in identifying this disease whose treatment, based on coronary artery bypass grafting, is recommended in symptomatic patients but is more controversial in asymptomatic patients. The case report presented offers an opportunity to discuss the pathophysiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of this congenital coronary artery disease.

Copyright of SCENARIO: Official Italian Journal of ANIARTI is the property of ANIARTI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Kidney transplant from donor after circulatory death (DCD) represents a valid choice to increase the incidence of renal transplantation, presenting recipients' and grafts' survival rates comparable to those from brain dead donors (DBD). In January 2016, the Transplant Referral Center in the Emilia Romagna region has started a DCD program. In the present study we report on the first 30 months of the program as far as our own Center in Bologna is concerned, and we provide a comparison with DBD transplants performed over the same period. From January 2016 to September 2018, 16 kidney transplants from 10 DCD donors (5 SCD-DCD and 5 ECD-DCD) have been performed, with two graft-loss at 12 months of follow-up, both due to renal artery rupture caused by infectious arteritis with consequent transplantectomy. Two patients died due to sepsis. Seven (44%) delay graft function (DGF) have been reported. No differences have been found between DCD and DBD in terms of kidney function (serum creatinine and eGFR evaluated at discharge, 12 and 24 months of follow-up). Kidney from marginal donors (ECD-DCD or KDPI >65%) were associated with a higher rate of DGF and worst graft function at discharge. All the predicting factors that have been analysed, including Karpinsky Score, failed to show an association with serum creatinine and eGFR at 12 and 24 months of follow up., (Copyright by Società Italiana di Nefrologia SIN, Rome, Italy.)

A promising way to increase the number of kidneys for transplantation is to expand the donor pool by including non-heart-beating donors (NHBDs). The centers involved in NHBD transplantation programs have reported a 16-40% increase in kidney transplants. A key issue with NHBD is the significantly higher rate of delayed graft function (DGF) and primary non-function (PNF) compared with that associated with heart-beating donor (HBD) transplants. However, although transplants from NHBD are associated with a greater incidence of early adverse events, long-term graft survival appears to be similar to that observed after transplants from HBDs. In addition, the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and mechanical perfusion, the careful selection of recipients and donors, and an adequate therapeutic strategy may at least partially reduce the risk of PNF and DGF and improve transplant outcome.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate how the main tests for the diagnostic assessment of syncope are currently performed in the Italian hospitals., Methods: During the early 2003 dedicated questionnaires were administered to about 400 Italian hospitals. About each test information was requested relative to: test protocol, laboratory equipment, patients evaluated during 2002., Results: Eighty-four hospitals answered the questionnaire. A syncope-dedicated ambulatory (at least once a week) was available during 2002 in 59/84 hospitals, and 56 were dependent on the Cardiology Division. Carotid sinus massage was performed either in clinostatic and in orthostatic position in 60 Centers and was repeated after atropine in 15. To define the test positivity, 35 Centers followed the "symptom method". Only 15 Centers performed > 100 procedures during 2002 (range 3-500). Tilt testing was performed in 72 hospitals. A dedicated tilting bed was available in 65 Centers, continuous beat-to-beat pressure measurement in 22. Out of the 72 Centers, 55 followed the so-called "Italian protocol" as the main methodology of the test. Only 17 Centers performed > 100 procedures during 2002 (range 3-500). Adenosine test was performed in 26 hospitals, the median dose of drug was 18 mg (range 6-20 mg); 25 out 26 Centers considered the test as positive when an asystolic pause > or = 6 s was observed. Only 6 Centers performed > 15 procedures during 2002 (range 1-204). An implantable loop recorder was available in 48 Centers. The number of implant procedures during 2002 varied among the Centers from 1 to 22., Conclusions: A great variability was observed concerning the methodology of each test and the number of procedures performed. Thus, a standardization effort about the methodology of syncope study is still needed by the medical associations.

More often to day odontologist must face emergency situations especially of cardiovascular kind. The article reviews the principal clinical aspects: syncope, cardiac arrest, arrhythmias, acute hypertension, acute myocardial infarction. The authors besides describe cardiopulmonary-resuscitation (CPR) techniques. The article ends with some recommendations to prevent cardiovascular emergency and to incite medical and paramedical staff to learn perfectly CPR techniques.

After a preliminary classification, the authors describe their diagnostic process and the therapies to resolve the main emergency problems in dentistry. They suggest the basic equipment that every study needs and present future works in which they will analyze the most important aspects of this problem.

The most frequent critical situations that could happen in outpatient dental practice are analyzed and emergency treatment is proposed. Further, a full emergency set (both drugs and devices) is proposed as standard dotation.