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The involvement of the C.N.S. in dysmorphic syndromes is very frequent; therefore a systematic analysis of the functions of the nervous system is important in the clinical definition of these syndromes. Besides the morphological aspects, studied by magnetic resonance imaging, investigations should be carried out in the neuroelectrophysiological and neuropsychological fields. For the former, the following examinations are proposed: EEG in wakefulness and sleep, multimodal evoked potentials (VEP, BAEP, SEP), cortical magnetic stimulation and P300 (P3). For the neuropsychological field, a general intelligence test appropriate to the mental age of the subject (the Wechsler, Terman-Merrill, or Brunet-Lezine scale) and, whenever possible, the following complementary tests: Raven's Progressive Matrices, Bender's and Santucci's graphic tests, go-no go, Goodenough draw-a-person, reading and writing tests, Langeot's scale for development of the logical thinking, sorting test and verbal and spatial memory tests. In some cases, the behaviour should be defined, through Conner's scale for attention deficit-hyperactivity disorders, the Autism Diagnostic Interview, the Adaptive Behaviour Scale and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale.