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Between September and December 2023, Babylonia collected questions from parents regarding their children's language development. This article aims to answer the following questions: Q1: We want our daughter to be fully bilingual - with such a high dominion of each language that people question whether she speaks any other language at all. Both my husband and I speak Spanish and English in this way, having grown up in Mexico going to an English-speaking school and then moving to the US for university and the rest of our adult lives. The actual question: how can we recreate this for our daughter, knowing that she is in the US and will not be immersed in Spanish the way we were when growing up. Plus finding Spanish-speaking child care is hard—- is two days on the weekend and evenings in Spanish enough to have her be bilingual? What would you recommend we do so that we set her up for success in both languages? She is 8 months today. Q2: I am a non-heritage speaker of another language (Spanish). I can speak fluidly but still make errors that native speakers do not make. My husband and I would like our daughter - currently 2 months old - to be fluent in the second language (Spanish) and plan to enroll her in a bilingual learning environment once she is old enough. In the meantime we join a once per week bilingual storytime, and try to read her stories in Spanish at home. My question is: for language exposure & acquisition, is it better for me to try to speak Spanish to her at home if my Spanish has errors, or just wait, stick to small exposures for now, and let her learning come primarily once she has started daycare/preschool?

The aim of this study is to show the beatification inquiry about the life, fame, holiness and heroic virtues of rev. Aleksander Woźny in the light of the beatification process documents. It is a kind of source study in which the reader will be acquainted with the types and value col¬lected materials. In the parish of St. Jan Kanty in Poznan (Poznań), over the years, numerous initiatives have been created to start the beatification process of the candidate for the altars, which was initiated on January 25, 2014. After a year and a half of work of the Tribunal, the Historical Commission and the Censors Theologians Commission on May 23, 2015, in the church of St. Jan Kanty in Poznan (Poznań), the last public session ending the diocesan process of the Servant of God took place. Extensive procedural documentation, over 6,500 pages, has been prepared for submission to the Department for the Causes of Saints. For this reason, one of the fundamental works of the postulator at the Roman stage was the preparation of the Positio, which is the basic document of work in studying and deepening a given matter. The whole Positio super vita, virtutibus et fama sanctitatis. Posnaniensis beatificationis et canonisationis Servi Dei Alexandri Woźny sacerdotis dioecesiani (1910–1983) was designed in such a way that it could suffice to form an objective judgment for theological consultors, and then for the ordinary congregation of cardinals and bishops, to gain moral certainty through the collected evidence in answering the initial dubium which in the process of life, fame, holiness and heroic virtues, rev. Alexander Woźny reads as follows: “Have the theological virtues been proven: faith, hope and love towards God and neighbor, as well as cardinal virtues: prudence, justice, temperance and bravery, and also virtues related to them, to the extent of a heroic and an opinion of holiness in this particular matter and in what aspect it is about?”. An answer to the above question is possible, not only after a thorough analysis of the testimonies of witnesses, but above all after the substantive deepening and analysis of the entire trial documentation, which is reflected in one of the parts of the Positio, namely in the Summarium Documentorum.

Im Zuge der Corona-Pandemie wurde die Lernplattform School to go im März 2020 ins Leben gerufen. Ziel der Plattform ist es, qualitätsgeprüfte und lehrplankonforme Lernangebote zu bündeln, um sie so Eltern, Lehrkräften und der interessierten Öffentlichkeit kostenlos zur Verfügung zu stellen. Der vorliegende Artikel zeigt auf, welche Facetten von Literalität die interaktive Lernplattform tangiert. Gleichzeitig beleuchtet er zwei Beispiele gelungener Sprachlernangebote, die stellvertretend für das umfangreiche Lernangebot von School to go stehen.

On October 28, 2017, in the church of st. John Bosco in Luboń, the beatification process began at the diocesan stage of rev. Stanisław Streich, murdered at the foot of the altar on February 27, 1938 in Luboń by a communist – Wawrzyniec Nowak. Neither the period of World War II, nor the location of post-war Poland under strict control of the Soviet Union, although it actually delayed the efforts towards the beatification process, did not overshadow the belief that the Luboń martyr deserves the glory of the altars. It was for this reason that the opinion of martyrdom, holiness, and signs was the driving force that eventually led to the initiation of the diocesan inquiry. One of the essential elements of this process is the evidence phase, i.e. collecting the appropriate human arguments that will allow us to achieve moral certainty as to the fact of martyrdom, or the heroic virtues of a candidate for altars, a miracle, and the existence of the cult of the Servant of God. Among the evidence taken in canonical trials, apart from the statements of the parties, evidence from documents and expert opinions, as well as on-site inspections and court examinations, evidence from witnesses is of particular importance, as indicated by the instruction of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints Sanctorum Mater on conducting diocesan or eparchial inquiries in matters of canonization, which in Article 29 § 2 it states that in new cases the investigation concerns “primarily” the questioning of witnesses. Thus, the evidence from witnesses was an important element of the diocesan canonization proceedings of the Servant of God, rev. Stanisław Streich.

13 kwietnia 2019 r. w kościele pw. św. Jana Bosko w Luboniu odbyła się ostatnia publiczna sesja kończąca proces diecezjalny Sługi Bożego ks. Stanisława Streicha – męczennika za wiarę, który zginął z ręki komunistycznego zbrodniarza Wawrzyńca Nowaka. W sesji wzięli udział abp. Stanisław Gądecki, Metropolita Poznański, ustanowiony trybunał: delegat biskupi, promotor sprawiedliwości oraz notariusz, a także postulator. Arcybiskup swoim dekretem zadeklarował, że dochodzenie na etapie diecezjalnym zostało ostatecznie zamknięte. Każdy oddzielnie złożył przysięgę, że wiernie wypełnił swoje zadania i że zachowa urzędową tajemnicę. Obszerna dokumentacja procesu kanonizacyjnego ks. Stanisława Streicha, licząca prawie 3,5 tysiąca stronic, wraz z aktami procesowymi, w tym trzydziestoma jeden zeznaniami świadków, została przygotowana do przekazania jej do Kongregacji Spraw Kanonizacyjnych. Ten etap, który nosi nazwę fazy rzymskiej każdego procesu kandydata na ołtarze, stanowi skok jakościowy danej sprawy. Skończyła się bowiem faza zbierania dokumentów, a rozpoczyna się ich merytoryczne opracowanie. Temu wszystkiemu służą poszczególne etapy, które oznaczają ustanowienie nowego postulatora sprawy, wydanie dekretu ważności diecezjalnego dochodzenia, mianowanie relatora, redakcję Positio, a następnie konsulty historyczną, teologiczną oraz kongregację zwyczajną kardynałów i biskupów, w końcu promulgację przez papieża dekretu o męczeństwie.

O objetivo deste artigo é pesquisar, no subterrâneo do pensamento de Martim Lutero, indícios de uma Denkweise, um modo de pensar que lhe seria peculiar. A hipótese de que há uma consistência filosófica nesse pensamento, mas que suas características o distinguem das razões filosóficas tradicionais da ecolástica tardia. Os anos de imersão na bíblia deram a Lutero não só uma interpretação da justiça da fé que foi revolucionária em sua época, mas também um modo de pensar que revela características do que atualmente se vem redescobrindo como chr(38)quot;pensamento semíticochr(38)quot;. Esses elementos, em tensão criativa com a razão grega e subordinados à estrutura paradoxal do pensamento cristão, conferem um estatuto filosófico característico ao pensamento de Lutero

Mixed plumes of chlorinated organics and oxidized metals are a common contaminant at many sites. The oxidized metals can be mediated by the establishment of moderately reducing conditions. The chlorinated organics have been demonstrated to be degradable by specific dechlorinating microrganisms in anaerobic environment such as Dehalococcoides sp. Enhanced biological dechlorination requires the presence of an effective electron donor to provide molecular hydrogen (H2) to completely degrade chlorinated ethenes. Distribution of the electron donor results in the biologically mediated establishment of highly reducing conditions in the treatment zone. This process also results in the reduction and precipitation of the oxidized metals via sulphate-reducing conditions. Peroxychem LLC has developed an innovative electron donor, ELS® Microemulsion Reagent (ELS) for in situ treatment of chlorinated organics and metals. This substrate has been successfully applied at numerous sites to address a variety of contaminants. ELS® is an organic electron donor composed of an easily fermentable organic substrate based on lecithin, and designed to enhance in situ anaerobic bioremediation aquifers contaminated by organochlorine compounds and heavy metals such as hexavalent chromium Cr[VI]. The product is easy to mix, dilute and inject into the subsurface. Once in the groundwater, indigenous microorganisms utilize ELS to rapidly generate highly reducing conditions, favoring biotic dechlorination reactions and the reduction of oxidized metals such as Cr[VI]. This innovative technology was successfully applied to a former manufacturing site in the center of Italy, where groundwater was historically contaminated with Tetrachloroethylene (PCE > 5.5 milligrams per Liter; mg/L), Trichloroethylene (TCE > 2 mg/L), 1,2-Dichloroethene (1,2-DCE > 1 mg/L) and, to a lesser extent, Vinyl Chloride (VC) and 1,2-Dichloropropane (DP). A pump-and-treat system (P&T) installed in the source was active as a source containment measure and to speed up the overall groundwater remediation. However, there was concern that the pumping could affect the ELS treatment effectiveness because of the increased groundwater flow velocity and the potential for removal of the injected bioremediation substrate. To mitigate this potential some wells were switched off the flow rates of others was adjusted to ensure compatibility with the planned product injection. In particular, an upstream low-flow-rate pump and treat system was maintained over the ELS® treatment period, primarily to delay the fast-downstream diffusion of the amendments in the aquifer, thus enhancing the source treatment. Following the calibration of the P&T system, approximately 4,900 kg of ELS® concentration was injected under high pressure at 51 locations into the source area. In about 12 months from injection of ELS® Microemulsion into the groundwater in the main source area, concentrations of PCE, TCE and the recognized catabolites, such as DCE and VC, rapidly reduced, compared to the pre-treatment concentrations, until they reached the statutory national limits (CSC D.lgs 152/06) in the main monitoring piezometers of the area, also highlighting the establishment of clear and enhanced biotic reducing conditions. No rebound effects have been observed in the next three years of monitoring.

Estudos variacionistas têm mostrado que o alçamento das vogais pretônicas [e, o] ocorre principalmente devido a um processo de assimilação regressiva desencadeado pela vogal alta da sílaba seguinte – minino, piru, curuja, bunita –, denominado harmonização vocálica (Bisol, 1981; Schwindt, 1997, e outros). Todavia, a pesquisa que estamos desenvolvendo sobre o [e] pretônico no falar rural paranaense apresenta índices elevados de alçamento em contextos fônicos com vogal média ou baixa na sílaba seguinte (Pontes, 2001).

Falando da oração falamos da relação da pessoa com Deus. — Já a relação de pessoa a pessoa é algo de misterioso e difícil. Por isso falamos tanto de incomunicabilidade e sofremos dela. Contudo, a relação de pessoa a pessoa é algo de natural. A vida é feita para isso e não recebe a plenitude e felicidade senão na relação de amor entre as pessoas.

A experiência ensina que o jovem, ao escolher a sua vocação (profissão), nem sempre acerta, apesar da sua boa vontade e generosidade. Talvez a generosidade até tenha sido, muitas vezes, a causa do engano na escolha da vocação.

Querendo falar do sacerdócio ministerial, necessário se torna falar antes do sacerdócio do povo cristão que, por sua vez, só se entende a partir do sacerdócio de Cristo. Mas ainda o termo "sacerdócio de Cristo" nos parece por demais estruturado, por demais dependente do paganismo e do judaísmo antes de Cristo. Ora, a realidade Cristo é algo de totalmente único, superior!

O mundo secularizado caracteriza-se pela falta de estruturas religiosas: é o mundo que quer ser apenas mundo, sem superestruturas de qualquer tipo. Neste mundo o homem quer ser plenamente homem e apenas homem. Em tal situação, como se coloca o fator religioso na vida" do homem, na espiritualidade do homem? Nós, que temos fé na revelação de Deus e na instituição da Igreja, de que modo podemos viver a nossa vida cristã no mundo? Que feição pode e deve assumir a vivência da fé num mundo secularizado?