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The article presents research findings on developing a medical diagnostic system based on electrical impedance tomography technology. One of the key components of this project is developing a method for reconstructing the structure of human lungs using this technology. The authors of the article compared the effectiveness of two different loss functions in training a neural network, which is tasked with accurately replicating the lung structure based on electrical impedance tomography data. The researchers analyzed various approaches to calculating loss functions, including cosine embedding loss and InfoNCE loss. They compared the results obtained using these two functions to identify which one performs better in lung structure reconstruction. The findings of these studies may have significant implications for the development of diagnostic systems based on electrical impedance tomography and for improving the effectiveness of lung disease diagnosis. Additionally, the authors discuss potential future directions for the project, including possible applications of the research findings in clinical practice. Future research efforts may focus on optimizing neural network parameters, exploring alternative loss functions, or utilizing advanced machine learning techniques for even more precise lung structure reconstruction. The pursuit of improving such diagnostic systems could lead to significant advancements in the field of medicine, particularly in diagnosing and treating respiratory diseases.

Summary The main goal of the work was to develop a method for the fusion of images from two different measurement techniques. A project has been designed to integrate electrical impedance tomography (EIT) and ultrasonic tomography (UST) data. The next stage was to analyze the correlation between the EIT results and the occurrence of lower urinary tract dysfunctions and establish boundary parameters for visualization and segmentation. Additionally, the relationships between UST data and the dysfunctions were examined, which also required defining parameters for segmentation. The work also involves establishing standards and methods for the arrangement of measurement electrodes, which is crucial for the precision of both techniques. The proposed approach and results constitute an essential step towards implementing more advanced diagnostic tools to improve patient's quality of life by diagnosing lower urinary tract dysfunctions faster and more precisely.

The article presents a study of the application of electro-impedance tomography (EIT) in diagnosing lung capacity using the Tikhonov regularization method. The possibility of reconstructing the lungs to monitor the degree of air filling was investigated. The experiment included a series of tests using a torso phantom designed to simulate different states of the lungs - from fully inflated to fully deflated. Lung-filling states were manipulated in controlled scenarios to test nine main experimental conditions reflecting different lung-filling states. In addition, the quality of reconstruction was checked using various types of reference backgrounds. The results show significant differences in lung volume reconstructions depending on the lung filling state. The most successful reconstructions, which were obtained using the 'No phantom' background, provided the most explicit visualization of the lungs, reassuring the method's reliability. The experiments confirm the potential of EIT to distinguish between different lung states and reconstruct the degree of lung filling. The study also underscores the need to optimize the reference background to increase the precision of the images, especially for the left lung.

CEL NAUKOWY: Ukazanie pozytywnych i negatywnych aspektów orzekania o potrzebie kształcenia specjalnego w kontekście założeń edukacji włączającej. PROBLEM I METODY BADAWCZE: Pytania badawcze: Jak w miarę upływu czasu zmieniał się system orzekania o potrzebie kształcenia specjalnego? Jakie funkcje wspierające i jakie czynniki ryzyka można wiązać z orzekaniem o potrzebie kształcenia specjalnego? Czy obowiązujący system orzekania o potrzebie kształcenia specjalnego odpowiada założeniom edukacji włączającej? Zastosowano metodę analizy literatury naukowej oraz przepisów prawa oświatowego, a także selekcję i rekonstrukcję treści. PROCES WYWODU: Wywód otwiera wprowadzenie ukazujące zmiany zachodzące w orzekaniu o potrzebie kształcenia specjalnego. W dalszej kolejności omówiono funkcje i czynniki ryzyka tego procesu oraz tendencje zmian zgłaszanych przez zaangażowane w przebieg edukacji podmioty. W części końcowej uwzględniono pytania otwierające przestrzeń do refleksji. WYNIKI ANALIZY NAUKOWEJ: Ukazanie złożoności i niejednoznaczności procesu orzekania o potrzebie kształcenia specjalnego oraz rozbieżność między tym procesem a założeniami edukacji włączającej. WNIOSKI, REKOMENDACJE I APLIKACJE ZNACZENIE WPŁYWU BADAŃ: Analizy implikują rozważania nad koniecznymi zmianami pozwalającymi zmniejszyć dostrzegany dysonans między procesem orzekania o potrzebie kształcenia specjalnego oraz ideą inkluzji, stanowiącą fundament modelu „Edukacja dla wszystkich”. Istotne jednak jest, by proponowane zmiany uwzględniały przeobrażenia zachodzące w procesie edukacji i nie gubiły perspektywy indywidualnych potrzeb ucznia.

The authors investigated the influence of working conditions--with particular reference to dust and fluorite pollution--on the epidemiology of chronic bronchitis in 197 subjects working in a fertilizer producing plant in Krakow (Poland). The investigation included history, respiratory function tests (VC, TVC), height and weight measurement, rhinolaryngologic examination, nasal mucosa cytology and physical examination. The environmental survey included measurements of the dust respirable fraction and fluorite concentration in the air. The prevalence of chronic bronchitis was found to increase with the length of working activity and to be much higher in smokers than in non-smokers. Furthermore, in subjects working at the sites with the worst environmental situations it proved to be twice as high as in the remainders. Likewise higher proved to be the prevalence of laryngitis and sinusitis. The prevalence of chronic bronchitis was found to be much higher in workmen with more marked spirometric changes. In subjects affected with chronic bronchitis alterations of the nasal mucosa epithelium were also found.