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En este estudio analizamos el comportamiento melódico de enunciados interrogativos absolutos con marca sintáctica del norte de Inglaterra. El corpus se compone de 70 preguntas emitidas por 18 informantes nativos en situaciones de comunicación reales, extraídas de grabaciones de entrevistas callejeras publicadas en youtube y realizadas en las ciudades de York, Manchester, Sheffield y Liverpool. El método utilizado para el análisis es el Análisis Melódico del Habla (AMH) (Cantero, 2002) que nos permite cuantificar, estandarizar y comparar las configuraciones melódicas. Los resultados nos permiten describir cuatro patrones entonativos preliminares para este tipo de pregunta. Tras definir y cuantificar cada uno de estos patrones discutimos los resultados en relación con las descripciones realizadas por otros autores en la bibliografía existente.

I flussi turistici non si distribuiscono uniformemente nella città, ma tendono a polarizzarsi attorno ai luoghi simbolici e nodali della stessa. Tale situazione può avere due esiti: da un lato, la rigenerazione urbana e la creazione di luoghi condivisi fra residenti e visitatori; dall’altro, la costruzione di luoghi enclavici, che conducono al crowding out della popolazione residente. La pandemia può forse essere considerata una fase di reset and restart, un ripensamento e una ricostruzione del sistema del turismo urbano, coinvolgendo tutti gli agenti in una pianificazione innovativa, dinamica e sostenibile. Barcellona, città leader del turismo europeo, negli ultimi anni ha visto sorgere fenomeni come: l'overtourism e il superamento della capacità di carico; la touristification; la gentrificazione turistica; e la turismofobia. Barcellona intende conciliare le esigenze della città e del turismo, affrontando anche l’attuale situazione pandemica, tramite studiate pianificazioni e strategie, promuovendo la cultura e la diversificazione dell’offerta, la ridistribuzione dei turisti, la sostenibilità, la partecipazione e la cooperazione degli stakeholders. Tourist flows are not uniformly distributed in the city, but tend to polarize around the symbolic and nodal places of it. This situation can have two outcomes: on the one hand, the urban regeneration and the creation of places shared among residents and visitors; on the other hand, the construction of enclavic places which lead to crowding out of the resident population. The pandemic may perhaps be considered a reset and restart phase for a rethinking and reconstruction of the urban tourism system, involving all agents (tourists, enterprises, local communities, public authorities, etc.) within an innovative, dynamic and sustainable planning. In recent years, Barcelona, the leading city in European tourism, has seen the rise of phenomena such as: overtourism and the overcoming of the carrying capacity; touristification; tourist gentrification; and tourism-phobia. Barcelona intends to reconcile the needs of city and tourism, also addressing the current pandemic situation, through studied plans and strategies, promoting culture and the offer diversification, the redistribution of tourists, sustainability, the participation and cooperation of stakeholders.

This narrative-report presents the activities of the 13th Field Camp of Italian Emergency Psychologists which, due to the restrictions caused by the Covid-19 pande-mic, was held remotely one year after the planned date, on 9 and 17 April 2021. The voluntary organisation Psicologi per i Popoli – Federazione (OdV), on the strength of the training experience of the Field Camps that since 2006 it has been planning and – together with the association Psicologi per i Popoli – Trentino (ODV) – it has been managing at the Centro di Addestramento della Protezione Civile in Marco di Rovereto, puts at the centre of this online event the theme of the training of emergency-urgency psychologists. This training should be accredited by means of a postgraduate specialisation that also legitimises access to the emergency and urgency services of the National Health Service through competitive exams. The article also presents the results of the groups' work in proposing gui-delines for the definition of “operational models” for emergency intervention.

Therapeutic filmmaking is a tool useful in the educational and therapeutic sphere to increase and develop social and relational skills among children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Recent researches show the effectiveness of audiovisual tools and of arts therapies in managing dysfunctional behaviors in this category of people, especially when peers are involved. The case discussed in this article is part of an experimental project which aims to promote the support of minors with ASD through audiovisual tools. We will illustrate the use of therapeutic filmmaking in a couple of ASD adolescents and their main behavioral changes in order to promote new types of intervention not only based on changing dysfunctional behaviors but also on the identity development and on the strengths of the minor with ASD, through creativity and peers' relationships

The A1 online Italian course offered by the CLA (University Linguistic Centre) of the University of Perugia, is one of the results achieved during various research projects, which has contributed, on the one hand, to the internationalization of the Institution, on the other, to the enhancement of digital technologies providing future university mobility students with the opportunity to acquire linguistic-cultural knowledge, even before the beginning of their mobility exchange programme in Italy. The experience reported in this article reflects on an evolving work, describing its design phase – course structure, selection and creation of linguistic and didactic materials, tools available in the Moodle open-source learning platform – and its subsequent phases of course activation and verification. Throughout the entire project, we focused on two fundamental aspects: inspiring and maintaining student motivation in addition to constructing an assisted, and above all, interactive self-learning path.

Las instituciones públicas fueron creadas al servicio de las necesidades de la ciudadanía y del territorio y, en ese sentido, los ayuntamientos son las instituciones más cercanas a la población. En pleno 2021, las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) han transformado la sociedad, ahora todas las personas y las organizaciones, también las instituciones públicas, están permanentemente interconectadas y relacionadas. Precisamente, la interacción simétrica bidireccional es la base del modelo ideal de relaciones públicas, también la de los medios sociales. Esto sirve para transmitir mensajes y crear vínculos entre la organización y sus diferentes públicos, escuchando, dialogando y compartiendo. La mayoría de las organizaciones transitan de una comunicación unidireccional a una interactiva, con nuevos modelos relacionales y colaborativos en búsqueda del beneficio mutuo. Esta investigación se plantea como objetivo determinar si los ayuntamientos de Navarra de más de 10.000 habitantes usan las redes sociales de forma estratégica, cómo interactúan con la ciudadanía en las plataformas sociales y el perfil profesional que las gestiona. Para ello, se ha empleado una metodología mixta que ha combinado técnicas cuantitativas, como la encuesta y el análisis de contenido, con cualitativas, como la entrevista en profundidad. Los resultados permiten determinar y concluir que la implantación de los medios sociales en estos ayuntamientos de Navarra está prácticamente generalizada, apreciándose una tímida tendencia hacia la planificación estratégica, unido a una falta de profesionales formados y una ausencia de recursos técnicos.

Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) has been studied as a prognostic biomarker for different chronic inflammatory diseases. In this paper we aim to evaluate its potential role in the prediction of early relapse in patients affected by polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR). We revised retrospectively clinical records of patients who received a diagnosis of PMR, according to 2012 ACR/EULAR classification criteria, for whom baseline clinical and laboratory data were available. The baseline RDW variation coefficient was correlated to the risk of relapse, in the first 6 months of the disease. We identified 44 patients [females 15 (34.0%)/males 29 (66.0%); median age 80 (72-83)], 9 of whom had an early relapse. These patients showed a larger median RDW than patients who did not relapse [13.7 (13.5-14.9)% vs 13.5 (12.7-14.2)%; p=0.04). The two groups were comparable for all the other clinical and laboratory parameters considered. Interestingly, patients in the higher half of the RDW distribution showed a shorter relapse-free survival (p

El propòsit principal d'aquest article és estudiar la presència dels vídeos als perfils de les xarxes socials i els blogs corporatius de les biblioteques públiques catalanes durant el primer mes de confinament (del 13 de març al 14 d'abril de 2020) amb un doble objectiu. El primer és saber si han creat o difós vídeos a les xarxes socials. El segon és delimitar-ne la tipologia i concretar el canal on s'han publicat. Com a pas previ, cal saber si les biblioteques públiques catalanes han estat actives a les xarxes socials durant aquest període independentment del contingut difós. Per a realitzar aquesta anàlisi s'ha creat un conjunt de dades d'accés obert, que compta amb criteris d'inclusió i exclusió, partint d'un fitxer de la Generalitat de Catalunya, que inclou dades geogràfiques, el nom de la biblioteca, els seus perfils de xarxes socials (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter i YouTube) i blogs. Per a avaluar les publicacions s'han definit dues tipologies de contingut, extern i propi, s'ha creat una escala de valoració (d'A a D) i s'han agrupat els vídeos en cinc tipologies (entrevistes, tutorials, entreteniment, ressenyes i live streaming). Sobre els resultats obtinguts cal comentar que, dels 507 registres inclosos, 372 (73,37 %) han tingut activitat; dels 886 perfils analitzats, 797 (89,95 %) han estat actius, i dels 4.377 vídeos estudiats, els més compartits han estats els d'entreteniment (3.110, 71,05 %). En les conclusions es detallen alguns aspectes observats a YouTube, Facebook i Twitter per a conèixer com es treballa el format vídeo a les biblioteques públiques catalanes. The main objective of the article is to study the presence of videos in the social networks and corporate blogs of Catalan public libraries during the first month of lockdown (from 13 March to 14 April, 2020). It explores whether libraries created videos or shared them on social media, and defines their typology and the channel in which they were published. A preliminary step is to determine whether Catalan public libraries were active on social networks during this period, before characterizing the kinds of content disseminated. To carry out this analysis, an open access data set was created using inclusion and exclusion criteria and based on information held by the Catalan government: geographical data, the name of the library, and its social media profiles (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and YouTube) and blogs. To evaluate the publications, two types of content were defined (external and internal). A rating scale was created (A to D) and the videos were grouped into five types (interviews, tutorials, entertainment, reviews, and Live Streaming). Of the 507 records included, 372 (73.37 %) were active; of the 886 profiles analysed, 797 (89.95 %) were active, and of the 4,377 videos studied, the most frequently shared were entertainment videos (3,110, 71.05 %). The conclusions section highlights information on YouTube, Facebook and Twitter that show how the video format is used in Catalan public libraries.

El propósito principal de este artículo es estudiar la presencia de los vídeos a los perfiles de las redes sociales y los blogs corporativos de las bibliotecas públicas catalanas durante el primer mes de confinamiento (del 13 de marzo al 14 de abril de 2020) con un doble objetivo. El primero es saber si han creado o difundido vídeos en las redes sociales. El segundo es delimitar la tipología y concretar el canal donde se han publicado. Como paso previo, hay que saber si las bibliotecas públicas catalanas han sido activas en las redes sociales durante este periodo independientemente del contenido difundido. Para realizar este análisis se ha creado un conjunto de datos de acceso abierto, que cuenta con criterios de inclusión y exclusión, partiendo de un fichero de la Generalitat de Cataluña, que incluye datos geográficos, el nombre de la biblioteca, sus perfiles de redes sociales (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter y YouTube) y blogs. Para evaluar las publicaciones se han definido dos tipologías de contenido, externo y propio, se ha creado una escala de valoración (de A a D) y se han agrupado los vídeos en cinco tipologías (entrevistas, tutoriales, entretenimiento, reseñas y live streaming). Sobre los resultados obtenidos hay que comentar que, de los 507 registros incluidos, 372 (73,37 %) han tenido actividad; de los 886 perfiles analizados, 797 (89,95 %) han sido activos, y de los 4.377 vídeos estudiados, los más compartidos han sido los de entretenimiento (3.110, 71,05 %). En las conclusiones se detallan algunos aspectos observados en YouTube, Facebook y Twitter para conocer cómo se trabaja el formato vídeo en las bibliotecas públicas catalanas. The main objective of the article is to study the presence of videos in the social networks and corporate blogs of Catalan public libraries during the first month of lockdown (from 13 March to 14 April, 2020). It explores whether libraries created videos or shared them on social media, and defines their typology and the channel in which they were published. A preliminary step is to determine whether Catalan public libraries were active on social networks during this period, before characterizing the kinds of content disseminated. To carry out this analysis, an open access data set was created using inclusion and exclusion criteria and based on information held by the Catalan government: geographical data, the name of the library, and its social media profiles (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and YouTube) and blogs. To evaluate the publications, two types of content were defined (external and internal). A rating scale was created (A to D) and the videos were grouped into five types (interviews, tutorials, entertainment, reviews, and Live Streaming). Of the 507 records included, 372 (73.37 %) were active; of the 886 profiles analysed, 797 (89.95 %) were active, and of the 4,377 videos studied, the most frequently shared were entertainment videos (3,110, 71.05 %). The conclusions section highlights information on YouTube, Facebook and Twitter that show how the video format is used in Catalan public libraries.

Red cell distribution width (RDW) is an unconventional biomarker of inflammation. We aimed to explore its role as a predictor of treatment response in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Eighty-two RA patients (55 females), median age [interquartile range] 63 years [52-69], were selected by scanning the medical records of a rheumatology clinic, to analyze the associations between baseline RDW, disease activity scores and inflammatory markers, as well as the relationship between RDW changes following methotrexate (MTX) and treatment response. The lower the median baseline RDW, the greater were the chances of a positive EULAR response at three months, 13.5% [13.0-14.4] being among those with good response, vs 14.0% [13.2-14.7] and 14.2% [13.5- 16.0] (p=0.009) among those with moderate and poor response, respectively. MTX treatment was followed by a significant RDW increase (p

An international inquiry about picturebooks included in the exhibition The Extraordinary Library, 100 picturebooks between fashion and wonder selected by Bologna Children’s Books Fair for Pitti Immagine Bimbo 2017 shows the rich fan of possible relationships between childhood and clothing, illustration and fashion design. The research proposes an exploration of visual narratives devoted to history of fashion, fashion’s fictional and non fictional icons, together with book design, papermaking in an almost sartorial art. Fashion and picturebook languages meet in a selection that welcome books coming from all over the world. The dialogue between picturebook form and fashion art, history and wonder suggests new plots, textures, signs and shape, in almost infinite directions.

Hace ya tiempo que la política turística en España ha tomado posición en favor de priorizar la calidad frente a la cantidad, lo que también incluye objetivos relativos al respeto medioambiental de los destinos en los que se pretende la potenciación del sector. El artículo, tomando como paradigma la regulación andaluza de los establecimientos hoteleros, examina cómo esta utiliza la clasificación administrativa para disponer altos niveles de exigencia de calidad a dichos establecimientos, a la vez que introduce requisitos de las instalaciones vinculados con mejoras de carácter medioambiental del entorno.

Mindfulness improve levels of Full Awareness, it can be a useful technique to improve the health of Primary Care professionals. Design: Quasi experimental study in Primary care center of a rural area in Almeria. It shows a total of 34 primary care workers, 20 of them participated in a 4-hour Mindfulness workshop, in two sessions. Main Measurements: Workshop satisfaction, Mindfulness awareness, Full awareness level through FFMQ (Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire) Results: we found significant differences in the theoretical knowledge after the workshop, satisfaction levels were very high. Conclusions: Mindfulness activities even of short duration have a positive effect on the Primary Care professional being important to introduce them within the training time.

En el marco del Proyecto de Innovación en la Didáctica de la Interacción Oral de Lenguas no Maternas de la UNAE (Universidad Nacional de Educación del Ecuador), se diseña, implementa y evalúa una experiencia piloto por parte de una pareja pedagógica de alumnas de 6º ciclo en prácticas docentes pre profesionales para la enseñanza aprendizaje de ELE en la educación general básica. Esta experiencia, con corte de investigación acción participativa, se diseña de acuerdo a las líneas metodológicas del proyecto, que principalmente ponen en relieve la importancia en el proceso de aprendizaje de la lengua oral y de la competencia estratégica, a través del trabajo por tareas y el enfoque oral; con actividades que promueven la interacción entre pares para el desarrollo de las competencias comunicativas. Las actividades se enmarcan en los principios institucionales del Buen Vivir, recogidos por el modelo pedagógico de la UNAE.. La secuencia didáctica se implementa en la institución educativa de educación general básica Daniel Córdova Toral: una institución rural de la parroquia de Zhullín, que al momento de las prácticas de las alumnas no contaba con docente especializada en la materia de inglés.

The article focuses on a short essay published by Max Horkheimer in 1970, entitled "On the risk of an administrated world”. Here the reflections of the founder of the ‒ so called ‒ “Frankfurt School” dwell on the relationship which in modern society is established between the concepts of “truth”, “science” and “correctness”, pushing his critical theory to formulate the possibility and necessity of a «Reform der Bildung»: namely, a reform of human formation. This is a hidden pedagogical angle of his «Kritik».

This contribution explores the role of information technology, relating to the representation and processing of data in open source and crowd-sourced format, for the purpose of urban planning and design process. In the research field, an experimental analysis is carried out within the Genoese neighborhood of Molassana by comparing and processing, in a single system, the traditional cartography provided by the online portals of the public administration and the data shared by users on social networks and open source platforms. The complexity of the information obtained grows a synthetic multi-layer territorial strategy, strongly linked to the local and social context.

La evolución de la radio en los últimos años ha derivado en una creciente presencia y utilización de las redes sociales como canal de comunicación con sus audiencias y la aparición de nuevas narrativas. Esta investigación explora el tratamiento que las cuatro principales cadenas radiofónicas españolas -SER, COPE, Onda Cero y Radio Nacional de España- realizaron en Instagram durante la investidura de Pedro Sánchez como presidente del Gobierno de España. Del análisis de contenido cuantitativo y cualitativo realizado se deriva que la implantación de la radio en Instagram es, todavía, incipiente en algunos casos, pero que, sin embargo, cadenas como SER y COPE ya aplican nuevas narrativas en la red social. La radio emplea Instagram para informar y también como espacio para los géneros opinativos, y lo hace con un impacto notable en las comunidades de seguidores.

Whether the insulin resistance commonly observed in patients with inflammatory arthritis is a disease-specific feature and/or is limited to a disease phase (i.e., it occurs only during phases of high disease activity) is unknown. Fifty-three rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 44 psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients were recruited consecutively along with 194 controls matched for age, sex and body mass index for a case-control study. All underwent an oral glucose tolerance test, the results of which were analysed to derive the following indexes: homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), insulin sensitivity index (ISI) and early insulin sensitivity index (EISI). These data were related to anthropometric, clinical and laboratory findings. Metabolic parameters of patients and controls were similar. Neither inflammatory markers nor disease activity scores were related to glucose metabolism for the generality of RA and PsA patients; however, by restricting the analysis to the subset of RA patients with residual disease activity, an association emerged between erythrocyte sedimentation rate, on the one hand, and fasting insulin (β=0.46, p=0.047) and HOMA-IR (β=0.44, p=0.02), on the other. Moreover, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were associated with plasma glucose and insulin levels measured 120 min after the glucose load (β=0.91, p=0.0003 and β=0.77, p=0.0006, respectively); ISI and EISI were predicted by CRP (β=-0.79, p=0.0006; β=-0.80, p=0.0001, respectively). The same did not hold true for PsA patients. The association between systemic inflammation and insulin resistance indexes is a feature of RA with residual disease activity, not a universal feature of inflammatory arthritides.

Este artículo ofrece una interpretación sobre la violencia sexual ejercida contra las mujeres en la retaguardia republicana durante la Guerra Civil. Este tipo de violencia se ha incluido en lo que algunas investigadoras han denominado como “violencias sexuadas”, un conjunto de violencias específicas destinadas exclusivamente a las mujeres. A través del estudio del caso de Piedad Suárez de Figueroa Moya, analizamos la violencia sexual infligida en la retaguardia republicana como parte de la violencia revolucionaria y de la estrategia de limpieza política desplegada por los comités al margen del poder republicano legítimo. Intentamos por lo tanto, ir más allá de la interpretación de las violaciones de guerra como la conquista del territorio a través del cuerpo de las mujeres del enemigo e introducimos una lectura política de las mismas elevando a las víctimas a la categoría de enemigas.Palabras clave: violencia sexual, Guerra Civil española, retaguardia republicana, violencia revolucionaria.__________________________Abstract:This paper offers an interpretation about sexual violence against women on republican rearguard during the Spanish Civil War. This kind of violence has been included in what some researchers have called “sexed violence”, a group of specific types of violence destined exclusively to women. Through the study of the case of Piedad Suárez de Figueroa Moya, we are going to analyse sexual violence wreaked on republican rearguard as a part of revolutionary violence and strategy of political cleansing carried out by unlawful republican committees. We are trying to go beyond the interpretation of war rape as a conquest of territory through the body of the enemy’s women. And finally we are going to introduce a political view of these rapes that turns victims into enemies.Keywords: Sexual Violence, Spanish Civil War, Republican Rearguard, Revolutionary Violence.

The article ‒ in its five paragraphs, respectively signed by Giancarla Sola, Andreas Dörpinghaus, Egbert Witte, Rita Casale, Jutta Breithausen ‒ represents an endeavor to reconstruct the concept of “Bildung” in Germany. It does this primarily by moving from the meaning that this word has acquired both in the history of Bildung and in the German and “Mittel”-European history. At this glance toward the past, but also threw in the future, as well as in the present, follows an interconnection of relations between Bildung, Empirie and Erfahrung. This last concept places the idea of “experience” in connection with its hermeneutic comprehension. Therefore, the article also thematizes the dialectical legacy of Hegel and Humboldt in the context of the history of German Philosophy and Pedagogy. Then, the article considers the metamorphosis of Bildung after Nationalsozialismus ‒ from 1945 onwards ‒, analyzing the social-economic and political-legal context through the use of a "critics" capable of digging in the relationship between Bildung and Kultur. The article does that focusing, in its final part, on the concept of Widerstreit ‒ "resistance" –, related to a Skepsis understood also as a possible interpretative category of modernity. Thus, the article, in its overall unity, sizing its axial figure ‒ centered on the cultures of Bildung ‒ placing it on the intersecting planes represented by Philosophy and Pedagogy.

Este trabalho é um ensaio sobre a interação entre os conceitos de desenvolvimento, direitos de propriedade intelectual, principalmente os direitos de autor, e as transformações resultantes da sociedade de informação. Considerando que os serviços e os bens imateriais são as mais importantes fontes de riqueza, a estrutura jurídica dos direitos de propriedade intelectual e os gastos governamentais para sua garanti a são dados que influem sobre a riqueza e o desenvolvimento. Portanto, é necessário compreender como os insti tutos e órgãos jurídicos conformam a circulação econômica de bens e serviços. Para tratar essa questão, este ensaio propõe uma análise multi disciplinar apoiada em conceitos jurídicos e econômicos, em especial com respeito à abordagem da análise econômica do direito para a avaliação dos regimes e insti tutos jurídicos.

Resumen: El presente texto estudia las fuentes y comentarios de diversos autores sobre los Juegos Moriscos que discurrieron frente a la ciudad de Purchena, y que recoge Ginés Pérez de Hita en su obra “Guerras civiles de Granada”. Se sitúa el hecho en su contexto histórico y luego se detallan las distintas acciones deportivas que se configuran como deportes o pruebas deportivas directamente traídas a ese siglo desde la memoria de los Juegos Olímpicos de la Grecia clásica. Palabras clave: Siglo XVI, Juegos Olímpicos, Aben Humeya, Moriscos, Purchena. Abstract: This text studies the sources and commentaries of diferente authors on the Moriscos Games that were celebrated in front of the city of Purchena, and that gathers Ginés Pérez de Hita in its work “Civil wars of Granada”. The fact is located in its historical context and the different sport actions are detailed that it is said comes from the Clasic Grece Olympic Games. Key words: XVI Century, Olympic Games, Aben Humeya, Purchena.

En esta contribución se expone el trabajo que se está realizando como parte de la tesis doctoral Caracterización Acústica de las Aproximantes [ß, ∂, γ]del Español Peninsular en Habla Espontánea Dir. Cantero Serena, F., J., y como continuación del estudio piloto Caracterización Acústica de las Aproximantes [ß, ∂, γ] del Español en Habla Espontánea (Sola, 2011). Para nuestra investigación se analizan sistemáticamente los espectrogramas que ofrece el programa Praat de las distintas realizaciones de /b, d, g/ en un corpus de grabaciones tomadas de los medios de comunicación (radio y tv) de distintas comunidades autónomas del territorio peninsular. Para la consecución de nuestros objetivos se observa el comportamiento de los rasgos propios de las aproximantes: armonicidad, sonoridad, intensidad y duración, con el objetivo último de servir a una descripción de los modelos de pronunciación acorde con la realidad de los hablantes.

The article is focused on Nietzsche’s work entitled Die Geburt der Trägodie and his aim is to interpret the relationship between the problem of “Ursprüngli- chkeit” and the concept of “Bildung”. In other words, the attention is directed at the formation of the human being and his original dimension.More specificly, the pedagogical analyse is concentrated on the attack that Nietzsche addresses to the modern individual, which nowadays is only the appear- ance of himself.

En aqust treball de recerca empíric, descriptiu i instrumental, presentem els resultats de l’anàlisi sistemàtica de les diverses realitzacions dels sons /b, d, g/ de l’espanyol, per tal d’arribar a una caracterització acústica de les seves realitzacions aproximants, en situacions de comunicació real. L’anàlisi, que es du a terme a partir dels gràfics espectrogràfics que ofereix el programa d’anàlisi fonètica Praat, es realitza sobre un corpus de parla espontània format per 90 enunciats, més de 6 hores de gravació preses de diversos programes de televisió. S’han extret els trets acústics de permeten descriure aquests sons tipus, potser els més controvertits del sistema fonètic i fonològic de l’espanyol, en aquest moment. Els resultats de l’anàlisi són ben diversos de les anàlisis anteriors, realitzades sobre mostres de parla de laboratori, ja que apareixen realitzacions aproximants en contextos on s’espera una realització oclusiva i viceversa, o desapareixen o es fonen un gran nombre d’aquests sons. En conclusió, i quant a la seva caracterització, aquests sons no tenen fricació, són sonors i sempre poseeixen harmonicitat o estructura de formants.

En aquest article es presenta un protocol per a la realització de l’anàlisi contrastiva segmental, mètode d’investigació en adquisició i aprenentatge de segones llengües que permet formular hipòtesis sobre la interllengua dels aprenents. En primer lloc, s’explica el paper de la lingüística contrastiva i la importància de la competència fònica en l’aprenentatge de segones llengües. En segon lloc, es descriu un protocol que consta de quatre fases. En la primera i la segona fase, respectivament, es proposa un model per d’escriure i contrastar els sistemes fonològics de la llengua meta i de la llengua materna de l’aprenent. La tercera fase correspon a la formulació d’hipòtesis de treball derivades de l’anàlisi contrastiva i la quarta, a la verificació empírica d’aquestes hipòtesis.

The author begins by posing a question: What does it mean to speak of clinical teaching, moving from an analysis covering his bases? Then offers a possible answer: first, it means trying to understand what is at the basis of clinical teaching, or what funds this knowledge. It is therefore to investigate the concepts advance the fundamentals of this science, forming and supporting his research, his criticism, his speech. This is necessary to understand how scientific education is born and takes shape in a more practical and problematic context, always in relation with the many dimensions of the subject.

Es presenten les característiques més comunes del programa Greenstone. La finalitat és crear i publicar col·leccions digitals mitjançant Internet o en forma de CD-ROM. Es descriu el procés de creació, publicació, consulta i visualització d'una col·lecció. La versió analitzada és l'última estable disponible a pàgina web del projecte, la 2.80, en el moment de redactar aquest text. L'objectiu que es pretén és mostrar una primera aproximació a l'ús del programa.Se presentan las características más comunes del programa Greenstone. La finalidad es crear y publicar colecciones digitales mediante Internet o en forma de CD-ROM. Se describe el proceso de creación, publicación, consulta y visualización de una colección. La versión analizada es la última estable disponible en la página web del proyecto, la 2.80, en el momento de redactar este texto. El objetivo que se pretende es mostrar una primera aproximación en el uso del programa.We describe the main features the Greenstone program. The aim of this program is to create and publish digital collections by using internet or a CD-ROM format. We describe the processes of creating, publishing, consulting and visualizing a collection. The version analysed is the last stable version available at the project's web site when this text was written, version 2.80. This paper provides a first look at how this program works.

During the period 2004-2006, 254 specimen belonging to Ciprinidae, Percidae and Anguillidae fishes of Piediluco Lake were analyzed by gas chromatography to check for the presence of PCBs contamination. Data obtained show low level of contamination with a decreasing trend from 2004 to 2006.

The inspection behaviour on the fish infested with Anisakis spp., under Regulation (CE) n.1774/2002, was always discordant among those who considered him as a secondary product of category 1 and those who categorize like 2. In near future, Regulation (CE) n.1069/2009 will define that the parasitic diseases are to be included in zoonoses to make attention and definitively poses fish infested with Anisakis in category 1 material.

In the last years, direct sale of raw milk by vending machines has largely increased in several European Countries and Italy. As a consequence, adequate hygienic measures and correct consumer’s information is required in order to reduce any potential risk linked to this product. In the present study, the occurrence of pathogens (Salmonella spp., verocytotoxigenic E.coli, Campylobacter spp., Listeria monocytogenes, S.aureus) in raw milk and bovine faeces collected in 4 farms in the province of Pesaro-Urbino (Italy), between January 2007 and March 2009 has been investigated; 99.5% of milk samples resulted negative for the pathogens considered and complying with the regulation S. aureus limits. Campylobacter has been found in 0.44% of the samples, collected during summer, while only one sample resulted positive to a non-verocytotoxigenic E.coli O157. In respect to faeces, 62.6% of the samples resulted negative, 33.6% were contaminated by Campylobacter spp. (68% Campylobacter coli and 32% Campylobacter jejuni) and 3.8% by E.coli O157. No samples resulted positive for Salmonella spp. or Listeria monocytogenes. The results highlight the necessity of a strict plan of hygienic and sanitary controls, with particular attention to milking process hygiene and raw milk storage, to reduce the risk of contamination of the product.

Mitochondria are unique among intracellular organelles because they contain their own DNA, which can be transcribed and translated to form proteins. Mitochondrial diseases include myopathies and multisystem disorders. The case of a patient showing bilateral ophthalmoplegia with proximal limb weakness, severe dysphagia and short stature, without family history, is described. The analysis of mitochondrial DNA of the patient muscle revealed a deleted form accounting for 65% of the total mitochondrial DNA. The Southern Blot Analysis of mtDNA allows a rather precise localization of deletions giving new insights in the pathogenesis of mitochondrial myopathies and representing a new precious diagnostic tool in these diseases.