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Full article available online at Healio.com/Orthopedics. Search: 20130523-13 The aim of the study was to identify specific factors that affect the outcome in patients with long thoracic mononeuropathy. The authors reviewed all medical records of patients with long thoracic mononeuropathy from the archive of the electromyography service over the past 16 years. Age, sex, occupation, pain at onset, symptom duration, neuropathy causes and side, and electromyography findings were collected. The outcome was evaluated by performing standard telephone interviews consisting of 9 queries about use limitations in the affected upper limb. If no limitation existed, the recovery was considered complete. If partial limitations only affected the upper limb in performing 5 or fewer of 9 specific activities, the outcome was considered good; if limitations affected more than 5 activities, the outcome was considered poor. The authors performed a multivariate logistic regression to calculate the association between good outcome or full recovery and poor outcome with demographic, clinical, and electromyography findings. Forty-one patients were included (mean 6SD age, 39614 years; 68.3% men). Causes were shoulder-arm overuse or trauma in 19 patients, iatrogenic in 5, idiopathic in 9, and inflammatory in 8. Twenty-seven patients had a good outcome and full recovery and 14 had a poor outcome. No patient underwent surgery. Age, sex, occupation, pain at onset, symptom duration, neuropathy side, and electromyography findings were not predictive of the outcome. The probability of full recovery and good outcome was 7.5 times greater in long thoracic mononeuropathy secondary to idiopathic or inflammatory causes compared with other etiologies.