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Ovarian cancer is the seventh most common cancer in women. The therapeutic approach provides for an appropriate integration between surgery and chemotherapy. Surgery is an important step for diagnosis, staging and therapy, aiming at the complete cytoreduction of all macroscopic visible disease. At the moment, adjuvant and first-line chemotherapy has as a standard the carboplatin-paclitaxel combination. Further, the addition of bevacizumab in the advanced stage (IIIB-IV) is strongly recommended. Despite the initial effectiveness, however, 70-80% of patients develop relapsed disease within the first two years and require subsequent treatment lines that have palliative, rather than curative purposes and that seek to reach a chronic state for the disease. Among the causes of recurrences, one of the most studied is related to the stem cells that, due to a quiescent state, are resistant to chemotherapy. The choice of these treatments must consider several factors, including the probability of extending the PFS and OS, the residual toxicity, symptoms control, and the improvement of quality of life, and always remains subject to platinum free interval (PFI). There are not standard therapy. Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) as a single agent or in combination with other drugs is one of several treatment modalities that may be considered for relapsed ovaria cancer. In addition, in about 15% to 20% of epithelial tumors, there is a mutation of the BRCA1 and 2 genes. This is fundamental to identify immediately a therapeutic opportunity represented by PARP inhibitors. These drugs, such as olaparib and niraparib, used in maintenance after a previous platinum-response, even partial, have also shown in upfront an activity in BRCA wild type, homologous recombination deficent (HRD) and homologous recombination proficient (HRP). Therefore, after 20 years of chemotherapy alone, new targeted therapies are emerging that will help changing the therapeutic approach, making treatments increasingly personalized.

Breast cancer presents important differences in distribution of histopathologic factors between younger and older patients but it's less clear if reduction of survival which often occurs in cancer of the youth depends on the concomitant presence of negative prognostic factor or if age alone acts as a factor indicating more aggressiveness. Many studies seem to indicate that young age at diagnosis is an independent predictive factor mostly in patients with early stage of disease and negative nodes. Other studies assert that age can be considered as the most important predictive factor after nodes involvement.