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Helicobacter pylori is an important and common bacterial pathogen in humans. The accumulated evidence of H. pylori's existence in water from different environmental sources suggests a water-borne transmission route. This study aimed at investigating the occurrence of H. pylori in different water sources used by human populations in Dhamar Governorate, Yemen. 250 samples were randomly collected from the municipal water supply network, wells, and springs. The samples were processed, plated onto modified campy-blood agar, and incubated under microaerobic conditions for 4-10 days. Bacterial identification was based on morphological properties and biochemical tests. Bacteriological analysis showed that 9.6% and 13.2% of tap and surface water samples were contaminated with H. pylori, respectively. Despite a higher frequency in samples from rural areas, these were not significantly (p=0.068) more contaminated than the samples from urban areas. Regarding the seasonal variations of H. pylori detection, 85.71% of positive samples were detected in the late winter and spring seasons (February to May). To conclude, H. pylori transmission through water is likely to occur in Dhamar Governorate. Further prospective studies are highly recommended to provide further evidence and a clearer picture of H. pylori transmission.

This paper aims at analyzing the Italian diplomacy toward Yemen during Fascism, and the specifi c role of Jacopo Gasparini. In fact, the Kingdom of Italy was the fi rst country, thanks to the Italo-Yemeni treaty of 1926, to recognize Yemen as a sovereign State, becoming its main political and economic partner. The treaty was the result of the diplomatic work promoted by the governor of Eritrea Jacopo Gasparini (1879-1941), who appears as the architect of an original "peripheral action" directed towards Yemen which had the objective of making the Eritrean Colony the center of Italy's economic and political infl uence in the Red Sea and the Horn of Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 1983, the Italian Archaeological Mission in Yemen (MAIRY) has also included research on the archaeological, architectural and fine arts heritage of the Islamic period in its activities The focus of the Islamic mission was study of Yemeni traditional mosques in order to draw up a precise typology of these unique monuments. In the course of several expeditions, the mission surveyed over 400 monuments. Carrying out photographic and graphic documentation and drawing up plans the team drafted a first preliminary typology of the religious architecture in 1984. Nevertheless, for various reasons, the conclusion of the work and its outcome were never published. After thirty years, the Islamic branch of the Italian archaeological mission has resumed the research. The Italian team, in collaboration with Yemenite experts, is about to arrange, classify and digitalize the huge amount of documents. This documentation will constitute a major contribution to research on and the safeguarding of religious architecture and the Yemeni cultural heritage.DOI: https://doi.org/10.20365/disegnarecon.25.2020.11

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The authors discuss some characteristic aspects of the culture of the island of Soqotra, located in the Indian Ocean, 400 Km from the coast of Yemen and the main island of a small archipelago that looks like the natural extension of the Horn of Africa. The geo-physical configuration of the island provides for a great variety of climates; consequently, its flora is extremely rich and it includes an impressive percentage of endemic species. The main source of sustenance for the Soqotri population is goat farming, since the land is not suitable for agriculture; fishing has become increasingly important after the construction of paved roads and the diffusion of modern means of transport, thus reducing the distance between coast and inland areas. Wild plants have always been very important for the survival of the inhabitants of Soqotra, who used them as remedies for both people and animals. This central role of plants is reflected in the botanical knowledge of the islanders: the different uses of plants are well known and plants that have the same uses share the same name. In the past commercial trading was extremely developed; historically trade linked Soqotra with the Horn of Africa, Egypt, Rome and India. In more modern times the commercial importance of the island stems from its strategical position in the Indian Ocean. Not only goods moved, but people too. The case of the Soqotra fishermen is often cited as an example: some of them are the descendants of ancient African settlers. Even the Soqotri language, now endangered, tells a story of ancient contacts.

Review

Review

A big group of silver coins{35 coins} was discovered in Banawa excavation , Dhamar , season 2002, and now it is situated in Dhamar Regional Museum ,Yemen. They were covered with a thin grey and black corrosion layers that disfigured them and hid their figures and inscriptions , also Some coins miss parts and others lost their circular. The aims of this work are identified the metallic composition of the coins , investigate the nature of corrosion grown during the long-term burial and identify its products that will help us to understand the corrosive factors and the degradation mechanisms , cleaning the group of coins from the superficial dirt and the corrosion products in order to discover as much as possible the surface topography, and to reveal the surfaces details , finally to establish them against further deterioration .To achieve that samples from the coins were examined by Metallographic Microscope {ME} , Scanning Electron Microscope {SEM}, the corrosion products were analyzed by X-ray diffraction{XRD} , and X-ray fluorescence { XRF} was used to determine the coins metallic constituents. Chemical cleaning was chosen for treating the coins and they were isolated to preserve them against further attack. After treatment and conservation, the coins figures and inscriptions that could be identified showed that this group of coins dates back to Umayyad period , exactly the reign of caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan{ 65- 86 A.H}{685-705A.D} and his descendants till 106 A.H.

La sociología de la revolución ha producido un corpus de conocimiento prodigioso, no obstante, aún es escasa la atención que se presta al análisis de género de los movimientos revolucionarios y de la formación de nuevos estados. El presente artículo pretende responder a este déficit, y visibilizar las dinámicas de género en la revolución yemení de 2011 y, en particular, prestar atención al significado de la participación de las mujeres. La pregunta central de esta investigación es: ¿qué diferencias y similitudes se han dado en la participación de las mujeres y de los hombres en la revolución yemení, y por qué? Tratando de responder a esta cuestión se argumenta que la lucha de las mujeres ha tenido una dimensión añadida y su objetivo ha sido de un doble alcance. Por un lado, sus demandas eran las mismas que las de los hombres, y se correspondían con las prioridades de la revolución, es decir, con el desmantelamiento del régimen y con las reformas del sistema político-social. Y, por otro lado, dadas sus experiencias específicas de opresión, las mujeres se han visto obligadas a responder contra la violencia y la discriminación de género. En consecuencia, su lucha ha implicado la articulación de unas aspiraciones emancipadoras y las demandas de mayores cuotas de derechos y de autonomía. The sociology of revolution has produced a prodigious body of knowledge. Nonetheless, there is still little attention paid to the gender analysis of revolutionary movements and of the building of new states. The present paper attempts to bridge this gap by portraying gender dynamics in the 2011 Yemeni revolution, in particular, by focussing on the significance of the involvement of women. The main research question is: what similarities and differences have been observed between women’s and men’s engagement within the Yemeni Revolution? And why? Answering these questions, it is argued that the women’s struggle has had an additional dimension, and aimed at a double goal. On the one hand, their demands were the same as those of men, which are also consistent with the goals of the revolution, i.e. overcoming the regime and carrying out social and political reforms. On the other hand, given their specific experiences of oppression, women felt themselves obligated to respond to gender-based violence and discrimination. As a consequence, their struggles have involved the articulation of emancipatory aspirations and demands for more rights and freedoms.

Abraha, the Abyssinian ruler of Yemen, who dared to attack Mecca in an attempt to demolish the sacred Kaʿba, is well known in Muslim historical traditions about pre-Islamic Arabia (Sīra and ḥadīṯ). The article presents a collection of the most significant Islamic texts related to Abraha and his military adventure. The author explains how the image of the Ethiopian army commander was blended into the traditional Islamic eschatological personage of the Abyssinian “with the two small shanks” who will destroy the sanctuary of Mecca before the end of the world. Moreover, the descriptions of the characteristics of these two individuals are analyzed in detail to highlight the fact that there is a clear difference between the report of Abraha’s actions in the more historically oriented sources (Sīra) and the harsh judgment against him in the definitely more religiously marked prophetic sayings (ḥadīṯ). ATTENTION: Due to copy-right no online publication is provided.