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Energy-conversion systems mediated by bacterial metabolism have recently attracted much attention, and therefore, demands for tuning of bacterial metabolism are increasing. It is widely recognized that intracellular redox atmosphere is one of the important factors influencing on bacterial metabolism. Although intracellular redox atmosphere had been conventionally tuned by dissolved oxygen concentration or by appropriate selection of an electron acceptor for respiration, we are developing novel method based on electrochemical technique for on-line (dynamic) tuning. Here we review our recent studies on electrochemical tuning of intracellular redox environment toward the control of bacterial metabolic pathway and activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]