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In this study, we conducted an experiment that compared 27 schizophrenia patients and 29 healthy subjects in perception of emotions expressed by an NAO humanoid robot. We programmed the robot to express the eight basic emotions proposed by Plutchik (1984) which were anger, anticipation, expectation, joy, trust, fear, surprise, sadness, and disgust using Teshi et al. (2015)'s method of dynamically changing the robot's eye color. We found a significant difference between the two groups of subjects in their judgements of the robot's emotions. The results showed that the schizophrenic patients had difficulty in recognizing the robot's emotions. In addition, the two groups showed different patterns of emotion misperceptions. The schizophrenic group's misperceptions mistook positive and negative emotions. The misperception of schizophrenic patients may be caused by the similarity of colors and fast blinking cycles. We consider it resulting from the decline in information processing abilities of the schizophrenic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bird banding is a survey method of attaching uniquely marked rings on a bird's leg. Recaptured or resighted data of marked individuals enable researchers to study the ecology of birds, such as the migration and life history. The first bird banding survey took place in Denmark in 1899, and now many researchers and organizations around the world carry out such surveys. In Japan, Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce(the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries and the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry at present)started the bird banding scheme in 1924. The scheme was interrupted during and after World War II, but was resumed in 1961. During 59 years from 1961 to 2019, a total of 6,108,529 individuals (499 species)were marked and released, of which 40,607 individuals(262 species)were recovered. The numbers of marked and recovered individuals in the latest year(2019)were 126,907 individuals(282 species)and 1,254 individuals(88 species), respectively. Based on this comprehensive database, numerous findings and knowledge were obtained, including migration routes and life spans of many species, population trends of endangered species, avifaunal data of a certain region, birds' response to climate change, contribution to the measure for avian influenza, and so on. The bird banding survey has contributed to the conservation of biodiversity, one of the most critical global issues today. We believe it is important to conduct and continue the survey with a sense of purpose and mission for greater good in mind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Keizai Ronsō is the property of Kyoto University Economic Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)