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Background : The promotion of exercise behavior is an important issue in preventive health. Purpose : The purpose of this study is to examine the direct and indirect influence of physical , psychollogical, and social factors on exercise behavior and the direct influence of exercise behavior on physical capability and health-related QOL in high-risc elderly women. Method : Participants were 96high-risk elderly women (mean age =77.2 years; SD=6.1 years). This survey consisted of questionaires relating to exercise behavior, self-sfficacy, social support for execise, physical pain, physical capability and health-related QOL. A structural equation analysis was used to examine the relationship amang the factors mentioned above. Result : The analysis revealed that physical, psychological and social factores influence on exercise behavior ,and behavior influence indirectly on exercise behavior through self-efficacy, and exercise behavior influences directly on physical QOL.

「天使健康栄養クリニック」は、地域住民を対象にメタボリックシンドロームの予防・改善を目的として開催されている。本クリニックでは、講話並びに個人面談によって健康教育と変容支援を行っている。2008 年度および2009 年度に本クリニックに参加し修了した人たちを対象として、4ヶ月間における運動行動、ストレス対処・休養行動および食行動の変容について、個別に検討した。クリニック全8回のうち1、3、5、7回目に計4回、対象者に実施した質問紙調査から行動変容ステージ(得点)を評価した結果、3種の健康行動は、平均的には第1回目に比べて4回目には行動変容ステージ(得点)が高まり変容がみられた。しかし、個々人でみると第1回目から4回目までの変容は直線的ではない対象者も多かった。第1回目に比べて4回目に変容ステージ(得点)が高まった対象者の他に変化しなかった者、低下した者も見られたので、そのような違いの要因を面談記録から推察した。運動行動変容に関する事例検討から、上昇・改善者では、歩行を中心に運動が継続されていたが、継続しようという強い意欲と支援がうまく関連していたと考えられる。, The Tenshi Health and Nutrition Clinic is a health awareness and guidance course offered to local residents for the prevention and alleviation of metabolic syndrome. The clinic, which is run over eight non-consecutive days, comprises lectures and personal interviews, and aims to help participants improve health awareness and progress through the stages of behavioral change. In this study, changes in exercise behavior, stress management and resting behavior, and dietary behavior were individually assessed over a four-monthe period in participants who completed the clinic in 2008 and 2009. Scores indicative of the stage of behavioral change (behavioral change scores) were obtained from questionnaires completed by participants on days one, three, five, and seven of the clinic. On an average, the behavioral change scores for all three types of health-improving behavior were higher in the fourth questionnaire survey than in the first one, suggesting that the participants had progressed through the stages of behavioral change. However, the results of the four questionnaire surveys showed that the time-dependent changes in health-improving behavior are not linear for many participants. When the behavioral change scores of the fourth survey were compared with those of the first survey, they were higher in some participants, but lower or unchanged in others. Information obtained from individual interviews indicated that continuous effort was made to maintain an exercise routine, in particular walking, by participants who made progress in changing their behaviors. The results suggest that with regard to participants who improved their exercise behavior, the support provided was positively linked with the strong will to continue an exercise routine.

Reduced physical exercise activity contributes to the development of several metabolic disorders including obesity, type ２ diabetes and hypertension. Especially in the developed countries, many people choose not to be active physically, possibly because of a reduced motivation to participate in exercise activities. Thus, augmentation of exercise motivation and subsequent increase in the physical activity would reduce an incidence of these metabolic disorders. In order to clarify the psychological mechanisms responsible for an increased exercise activity, we have generated and established a line of SPORTS （Spontaneously-Running-Tokushima-Shikoku） rat for high levels of voluntary wheel running. Male SPORTS rats run voluntarily in the running wheel almost six times longer than control Wistar rats. Here we examined the relation of the running activity of SPORTS rat with the hippocampal norepinephrine （NE） system including the levels of NE, adrenergic receptors, and degradation enzymes for monoamines. In the hippocampus of SPORTS rats, the level of NE in extracellular fluid was augmented, whereas the level in the homogenate of the whole tissue was decreased even for sedentary conditions. The level of striatal dopamine has not altered in both groups. The protein expression and the activity levels of monoamine oxidase A （MAOA）, a critical enzyme for the degaradation of NE, were decreased in the hippocampus of SPORTS rats to increase extracellular NE level. Thus, inhibition of oxidase activity in normal Wistar rats markedly increased wheel running activity. Our results indicate that the hippocampal NE determines the neural basis of the psychological regulation of exercise behavior in SPORTS rats. Modulation of NE transmission in the hippocampus will be a good method for enhancing the exercise behavior both in clinical patients and in healthy humans.

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