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Standard regimens for extrapulmonary neuroendocrine carcinomas(EPNEC)are not established. Treatment used for small cell lung cancer is also used for EPNECs. Amrubicin(AMR) monotherapy is used as salvage therapy for small cell lung cancer, but its efficacy in EPNEC is not clear. The aim of this study was to estimate the efficacy of AMR monotherapy in EPNEC. We retrospectively investigated patients with EPNEC who received first-line platinum-based chemotherapy between April 2007 and March 2019. The time to treatment failure(TTF)and the efficacy and toxicity was analyzed in the patients who received AMR monotherapy. Among 43 patients with EPNEC, 14(13 males, one female; median age, 58 years)received AMR monotherapy. Primary site included the pancreas(n=3), stomach(n=3), rectum(n=1), anal canal(n=1), salivary glands(n= 1), urothelial(n=1), bladder(n=1), prostate(n=1), and 2 patients had primary unknown cancer. Pathological type included small cell(n=4), large cell(n=2), and other types(n=8). Prior chemotherapy comprised CDDP plus CPT-11(n =5), CDDP plus ETP(n=2), and CBDCA plus ETP(n=6). The median TTF was 49(20-61)days. One patient had a partial response and the disease control rate was 33%. The common adverse events of >Grade 3 were leukopenia(69%), neutropenia(62%), and febrile neutropenia(23%). AMR monotherapy was clinically effective and safe for EPNEC.

FOLFOX therapy has been used for gastric cancer in Japan since 2017. We retrospectively analyzed the efficacy of FOLFOX therapy compared to that of FP. Forty-seven cases were evaluated between January 2010 and December 2018. Eighteen patients received mFOLFOX6 therapy, and 29 patients received FP therapy. The median time to treatment failure was 206 days in the mFOLFOX6 group and 58 days in the FP group. The response rate was 50% in the mFOLFOX6 group and 17% in the FP group. Neutropenia(56%), thrombocytopenia(50%), and peripheral neuropathy(56%)were the common adverse events in the mFOLFOX6 group, and leukopenia(69%)and neutropenia(69%)were the common adverse effects in the FP group. Based on our results, we conclude that, unlike FP, FOLFOX is an effective therapy for of gastric cancer.