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「日本語文章表現演習」では、2020年度からICTを活用した授業を展開している。ワープロによって作品を書き上げるだけでなく、Google Classroomにおいて全員の作品を読み合い、メッセージを送り合うのである。この方法は、オンライン授業の最大の難点である「学習者相互のコミュニケーション不足」を軽減する方法として生かされ、対面授業においても、作文の評価・処理の問題を改善する要となった。学習者の作品をデジタル化することは、教員による編集の手間を軽減し、評価・処理を的確に行うことに役立つ。また、ICTを用いて全作品を読み合うことは、それぞれの作品の良さから学び合う姿勢を生み出し、表現意欲を高めるものとなる。さらに、文章表現技術を意識的に使用することにも繋がっていくものである。ICTを活用して相互鑑賞する場を設けることは、文章上達の秘訣と言われる「看多・做多・商量多」を実現することに他ならない。その具体的方法と効果について考察する。

Using various Game Stats, we analyzed the factors of some teams'getting advanced to the final tournament in RWC 2019, and obtained the following learning. 1) Significantly positive and high correlation was found between the overall ranking based on the ranking scores calculated by all items of Game Stats and the world ranking, and the contribution rate was as high as 86%. 2) The teams that advanced to the final tournament had significantly higher values in the following categories: the number of Tries, Conversion Goals, Penalty Goals, Ball Carry, Gain Meter Distance, Clean Breaks, Defense Breakthroughs, Tackle Win Rate, and Lineout Success Rate. 3) No significant correlation was found between the advancement to the final tournament and the Scrum Win Rate, Rack Win Rate, number of Off-Road Passes or number of In-Play Kicks. From the above results, it was suggested that strengthening the offense power including the Lineout Success Rate is an important challenge. Defensive power is also important according to the tendency of Tackle Win Rate, but setting aside kicking, it is essential to carry the ball in order to get Try and Gain Meter is important to reach the in-goal therefore, players need to break through the defense line and Clean Breaks most useful for that getting Try.

「日本語文章表現演習」をオンライン授業として展開するにあたり、文書作成ソフトWORDを用いて200字限定作文を書き、全員の文章を読み、メッセージを贈り合うという活動を取り入れることにした。この活動においては、タイトルに工夫を凝らし、執筆前の構想に十分な時間をかけ、記述時には字数調整のために推敲を繰り返し、さらに書き上げた自分の作品には必ず反応がもらえるという「学習サイクル」が生まれることになる。この「学習サイクル」を継続することによって、学習者同士が学び合い、優秀作品が続出することとなった。作文に対する忌避感覚を軽減し、自分の文章に対する自己肯定感を高めるために取り入れた様々な工夫が功を奏したのである。この指導過程と成果を報告し、オンライン授業における「主体的で対話的な学び」を実現する手立てについて考察する。

読書指導を教室において一斉授業として展開することは難しく，その方法もまだ確立されていない。そこで今回は，中学校における「教室で行うことができる読書指導」に着目し，その具体的な方法として「読書へのアニマシオン」を取り入れた授業を実践した。「読書へのアニマシオン」ならば，生徒が楽しみながら本と関わったり文章を深く読んだりすることができ，「読みのスキーマ」の形成に役立つと考えられる。 検証授業では，集団読書用テキスト（宮部みゆき『チヨ子』）を読んだ後に，生徒個々人で本の内容に関するクイズを考え，持ち寄ったクイズを班で話し合って精選した上で，班対抗のクイズ合戦を行うという活動を取り入れた。本論では，この授業において生徒たちが考えたクイズとアンケート結果を手掛かりに，「読書へのアニマシオン」実践の成果と課題を分析する。

Shoulder joint isokinetic exercise training was performed to the cerebral palsy person in her 40's and 50's, and it verified the relationship of the functional improvement effect and an ageing. 1）Her 50's numerical value was higher than that of 40's in most of items as a whole and significant difference was not seen between those but the difference depending on the body parts could be seen. 2）The function has been improving or has tended to improve in spite of ageing in the long-term isokinetic exercise of shoulder joint. 3）The continuous evaluation of that whether the function is maintained or deteriorated by the ageing of the spastic cerebral palsy person is indispensable. 4）The perusal of the training method according to the spastic cerebral palsy person's physical condition as well as considering the age is also indispensable and has to be carefully examined. From the above result, the following possibility was also shown that the training effect for the handicap improvement is higher than the muscle weakness associated with aging in the person having the cerebral palsy. However, the further verification is needed about the relation between the handicap improvement by the muscle training and the muscle weakness associated with aging.

We examined the influence and characteristics of vision training on sports vision. In addition, using free throw of basketball competition as an indicator, we conducted the experimental study about the applicability of vision training to improving competition. The outline of the obtained knowledge is as follows. 1.The transition of the total score of the sports vision measurement showed a significantly higher value in the training group than value in the control group. 2.No significant sequential change both in the training group and the control group was observed in the coefficient of variation of the total score of the sports vision measurement. 3.When classifying the training group into the upper group or the lower group by the total score of the sports vision measurement, the upper group showed a significantly higher value in the salivary α−AMY activity value after the sports vision measurement. In addition, the sympathetic nervous system activity index based on heart rate variability during sports vision measurement also turned out to have a tendency to show high value. 4.When classifying the training group into the upper group or the lower group by the total score of the sports vision measurement, the upper group showed a significantly lower value in the coefficient of variation of salivary α−AMY activity value before and after the sports vision measurement. 5.It was suggested that the deviation of the shot in the anteroposterior and lateral directions can be reduced by the vision training for those who have inexperienced basketball competition. It was suggested that vision training improves sports vision, and also is useful for the athlete with low competition level to improve the competitive performance. In addition, it was inferred that sports vision might fluctua te reflecting the intrinsic influences such as sympathetic activation and degree of attention caused by the response to the stimulus.

As targeting the physically handicapped person who can have their own walking, the effect of long−term isokinetic muscle exercise training was verified from the point of view of the aging, and the following results were obtained. 1) In the muscle strength of ankle joint, its value of 50 years old person were significantly higher, compared with the value of 40 years old person. 2) In the muscle strength of knee joint, its value of 40 years old person were significantly higher, compared with the value of 50 years old person. 3) No significant differences were observed in the numerical values between the 40s and 50s old person. From the above result, the following possibility was also shown that the training effect for the handicap improvement is higher than the muscle weakness associated with aging in the person having the cerebral palsy. However, the further verification is needed about the relation between the handicap improvement by the muscle training and the muscle weakness associated with aging.

As for the physically handicapped person due to spastic type cerebral palsy, the difference of detraining period was verified for the impact on the lower extremity muscle strength. The obtained results are as follows. 1．The knee joint muscular strength was significantly enhanced by the detraining of three months. 2．The hip joint muscular strength was not significantly enhanced by the detraining of three months. 3．The muscular strength of the knee joint and the hip joint was weakened by the detraining of six months. From these results, it is suggested that the detraining period may effect on the lower limb muscle strength. It is also suggested that the effect of detraining may depend on muscle contraction style. These findings are not necessarily corresponded to the results of the previous study that were conducted to healthy people as a subject of the research. Therefore, further study is expected.

In this study, we examined usefulness of α−AMY activity value in saliva as a non−invasive stress marker in the enduring exercise. In experiment 1, nine high school students participated in the measurement of the day−to−day variation and diurnal variation of saliva α−AMY activity value at rest. In experiment 2, seven adult male athletes participated in the measurement of α−AMY activity value in saliva during gradually increased or decreased exercise test. In Experiment 3, two adult males of identical twins and fraternal twins who specialize in long−distance run, we verified the constitutional impact on α−AMY activity value change in saliva during gradually increased or decreased exercise test. Summaries of knowledge obtained from these experiments are as follows. 1．A day change of α−AMY activity value in saliva at rest showed transition reflecting circadian rhythm. 2．Diurnal change for four days of α−AMY activity value in saliva at rest didn’t show significant change. 3．A strongly positive correlation was observed between α−AMY activity value in saliva and heart rate in endurance exercise. 4．The α−AMY activity value in saliva during endurance exercise changed reflecting the exercise intensity, but large individual differences were also observed. 5．From the ups and downs of α−AMY activity value in saliva of identical twins during endurance exercise, constitutional influence was little suggested. From the above results, α−AMY activity value in saliva was suggested to be useful as a non−invasive stress marker in enduring exercise. However, the change is observed to correspond to individual differences, and personal factors such as physical condition and characteristics of the subject seem to be related to, which will be the future work to verify.

It is very important to continue the muscle training for the crippled due to spastic cerebral palsy. By this research, we gave the experiment of isokinetic training by CYBEX770 on both of knee joints, both of hip joints and muscle training by free weight on the crippled due to spastic cerebral palsy on a daily life basis for one and a half years within detraining period. As a result, unexpectedly in training period, in detraining period, there were significant differences regarding some more items in muscle strength of the knee joints than in muscle strength of the hip joints. There is not a decline in effect of detraining but rather effectiveness and it is confirmed that the detraining had an influence more on muscle strength of the hip joints than on muscle strength of the knee joints which are slightly symptomatic part of the crippled test subject due to spastic cerebral palsy. It is necessary to be inspected about the influence of the detraining period.

Taking 8 male students who belong to our university rugby football team as the subjects of this study, we examined how isokinetic muscle strength of the joints movement of the lower limbs during rugby football game affects to driving distance and ball speed of placekick. The results are as follows : 1) The driving distance and ball speed of a placekick for higher rank group were significantly superior to those for lower rank group (P

Difficulties can be seen for an adult with the cerebral palsy in doing regular rehabilitation as getting older because of working condition and diversify of life−style. By this research, we gave the crippled with spastic cerebral palsy the experiment of the iso−kinetic training by CYBEX 770 on both ankles joints which are the heaviest symptomatic parts and the indoor muscle training with free weight on a daily life basis for three years. As a result, though there was a little difference of effect between both ankles, we could get the significant effect of training. This result also shows that the effect of training seems to be sluggish, however it shows the possibility of causing hypo−activity to the crippled with spastic cerebral palsy when stopping training. Consequently it is very important to continue the training.

国立情報学研究所『研究紀要公開支援事業』により電子化。

The purpose of this study was to verify the effects of "quick grip exercise for 30 seconds", devised to improve junior high school students' grip strength. The subjects were 210 grade nine students (95 boys and 115 girls). They were divided into three groups ; the first group had the exercise 3 times a week with two "soft exercise balls", the second had the exercise 3 times a week without using balls, and the third had the exercise once a week with balls. The exercise was repeated during the warm-up time of the physical education class for three months from April to July in 2005. The main results of this study were as follows. 1) The grip strength of all three groups improved significantly. 2) The improvement degree of grip strength of girls in the first & second group was significantly higher than that of girls in the third group. 3) The ratio of the students who enjoyed the exercise with balls was significantly higher than that who exercised without using balls.

As the purpose of improvement of jump performance, we got a verification of the relation between jump height in vertical jump and isokinetic muscular strength on lower limbs by experimental technique. Remarkable change is not seen in the training group of knee joint extension and flexion exercise. On the other hand, significant change in jump height can be seen in ankle platar flexion and dorsi flexion exercise training group, in addition to that, significant increase in each measured value of maximum muscular strength and isokinetic muscular strength of ankle can be seen. There can also be seen significant positive relationship between maximum muscular strength of ankle plantar flexion and vertical jump height. Consequently, improvement of jump performance by muscle training concerning legs articular exer cise can be expected and significancy of practical training prescription in this study is suggested., 国立情報学研究所『研究紀要公開支援事業』により電子化。