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秦漢帝国による全土的統一以前、長江中流域に広がっていた楚の文化は墓制や埋葬施設の上でさまざまな特色をもっていた。計画的な古墓群、東・南頭位と上げ底棺、複雑な槨構造などがその例である。楚墓はまた槨の複雑化に伴って、槨内仕切板に模造門扉を発生、発達させ、他地域に先がけて槨内開通が達成された。これは槨の密閉性という伝統を打破する動きとして注目される。漢代以後、前述の戦国時代楚墓の特色の多くが失われる一方、槨の複雑化と槨内開通への志向性は受け継がれ、また統一によって、むしろ他地域へと波及する。大型墓では槨の内外が開通し、ついに玄門を成立させ、遅れて中小型墓も墓道と槨内とが開通するようになった。これが、墓内に祖先祭祀を持ち込み、埋蔵空間の立体化と祭祀前堂の創出を発達させた典型的な漢墓が成立するための素地となったのである。漢代に確立したこの新たな祖先祭祀は、漢帝国による儒教的支配の浸透とも読みかえることができる。, The most important change in Chinese tomb structure between the Chu 楚 period and the Han 漢 period was the addition of a chamber of rites 祭祀堂. An important factor in this change was the opening of the tomb's interior. This thesis uses typological study to examine both characteristics and changes in tomb structures of the Central Yangtze River 楊子江 region from the Chu period to the Qin-Han 秦漢 period, and attaches great importance to the emergence and formation of a double-door in the tomb. During the Warring State Period, burial chambers became more complex. Decorative windows and miniature double-doors emerged in the partition boards so the decsased's soul could move around in the Guo 槨 structure. These realistic miniature double-doors, together with spaces in the burial chamber, were meant to be equivalent to those in real houses ; the world of the spirits was meant to be just the real world. In this way, Chu tombs moved earlier than those in any other areas to open up the traditionally closed burial chamber. In the Qin-Han period, thses miniature double-doors were adopted in tombs in other regions as well. in larger tombs, a main entrance that led outside of the burial chamber appeared. A separate room for rituals under the ground broght the world of the dead person in contact with the outside world. Later on, medium and small-sized tombs also incorporated an opening between the burial chamber and the passageway into the tomb. This formed the basis for typical Han-period tombs in which new rituals were performed underground in front of the deceased. These new rituals allow us to see how widespread Confucian practice 儒教 had become in the Han dynasty., 個人情報保護のため削除部分あり

中国古代の埋葬施設の中で最も代表的なものは竪穴系の木槨墓と横穴系の磚室墓である。前者から後者への推移は、中国墓制史上の大きな画期として認められ、それは東アジア地域に多大な影響を与えた。しかしながら、たとえば槨については文献の引用や解釈などに曖昧な部分が多く、定義すらいまだはっきりしていない。加えて、それら異なる二種の埋葬施設がもつ複雑さと多様性のために統一的な理解に欠けている。本稿は、発掘調査の資料に基づき、漢墓における槨と室の構造に関する資料集成を行い、槨と室の型式変遷を提示し、両者の統一的な把握を試みた。それによって、槨が漸移的な変化を遂げて室の完成に至る過程を明らかにすることができた。その中で、回廊施設の形成、玄門と横入口の整備、それに続く祭祀空間の発達が槨から室への変容に決定的な役割を果たしたと言える。この漢墓の変容は、あくまで内在的な変化であり、被葬春とその身分を象徴する持ち物だけを入れるための密閉型の墓から、被葬春の社会的地位に応じた葬送執行の場としての立体的な墓へという埋葬思想や社会理念の変化を体現したものであった。, The two most characteristic structures of ancient Chinese tombs are the timber compartment GUO and corridor style chamber SHI. The former was a traditional pit-style timber compartment to protect the coffin, and the latter was typically a corridor style chamber made of tiles. The change from the GUO to SHI styles which occurred during the Han Period was greatly influential throughout East Asia. Because of the complexity and diversity of the two styles an integrated understanding of the concrete processes of transformation has not yet been possible. In this paper, based on a typological study of the structures of Han tombs, a classification of GUO and SHI, together with a clarification of the process of transformation are proposed. The introduction of a corridor space and the addition of a side entrance, followed by the development of a rites area, played a determinative role in this process. These changes which occurred were fundamental to the nature of the tomb : the space in which the body and goods representing his status had previously been laid became the place for the performance of burial rites in accordance with the social position of the deceased., 個人情報保護のため削除部分あり