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To develop an IPM program that could be adopted in cherry tomato greenhouses with JAS organic certification, we investigated the pest species and the numbers of individuals on plants in certified organic greenhouses (area, 11 to 22 a) in Ibaraki Prefecture, central Japan, at 2-week intervals during the cultivation period in 2009–2013 and 2015–2019. The major pests were whiteflies (Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Bemisia tabaci), aphids (Aphis gossypii, Macrosiphum euphorbiae), and tomato rust mite (Aculops lycopersici). Periodic release of either or both of the parasitoid wasps, Encarsia formosa and Eretmocerus eremicus, suppressed whiteflies to the extent that the fruits were not substantially damaged. The aphid parasitoid Aphidius colemani was released against Aphis gossypii. However, release of A. colemani after pest occurrence could not control the aphids and resulted in infestation throughout the greenhouses in 2009 and 2010. A banker plant system using A. colemani was introduced in 2011 and has controlled the pest densities continuously to a low level since then. Macrosiphum euphorbiae was suppressed by using the aphid parasitoid, Aphelinus asychis, during all years except 2016. In 2016, the occurrence of M. euphorbiae immediately after planting in one of the greenhouses resulted in the failure of control by A. asychis and the cessation of cultivation in that greenhouse. This problem was caused by infestation of the nursery greenhouse with the pests. A work procedure to prevent the introduction of pests was adopted the following year. Although the percentage of plants damaged by tomato russet mite reached 20% or more from 2009 to 2011, from 2012 onward it became possible to control it by applying milbemectin emulsion, which is registered as a JAS-certified material. With these control measures against insect pests, the yield per 10 a, which was initially less than 2000 kg, reached 5000 kg in 2019. We present details of the IPM program established through these field practices., 施設ミニトマトにおいて有機JAS規格で実施可能な害虫管理プログラム（IPMプログラム）を検討するために，2009年～2013年および2015年～2019年の栽培期間中，茨城県内の有機認証圃場（面積11～22ａ）において2週間に1回，植物上の害虫種と個体数を調査した．主要害虫は，コナジラミ類，アブラムシ類，トマトサビダニであった．コナジラミ類は天敵ツヤコバチ類の放飼により著しい被害がでない程度に抑制した．ワタアブラムシには天敵コレマンアブラバチを用いた．2009年と2010年の接種的放飼ではワタアブラムシがハウス全体に広がったため，2011年以降はバンカー法を実施することで，継続的に低密度に抑制した．チューリップヒゲナガアブラムシは，2010年以降，天敵チャバラアブラコバチ（試験的使用含む）を用いて抑制した．2016年のみは定植直後からのチューリップヒゲナガアブラムシの発生により，天敵による密度抑制が不可能となり，栽培を中止したハウスがあった．これは，育苗圃への害虫の持ち込みが原因であったため，翌年以降はこれを防ぐ作業分担とした．トマトサビダニは2009～2011年は被害株率が20％以上におよんだが，ミルベメクチン乳剤が有機栽培適合資材となり散布できるようになったため，2012年以降抑制が可能となった．これらの対策により，当初2,000kg／10aに満たなかった収穫量が，2019年には5,000kgに達した．これらの圃場での実践を経て確立したIPMプログラムを提示した．

九州大学における新中央図書館の建築計画に対する資料保存の観点からの関与と，キャンパス移転に伴う資料移転時の資料保存の取り組みについてまとめる.

文化財の虫害防除法のひとつとして有効な低酸素濃度処理に用いる資材を利用して、簡易に隔離空間を作り出せることに着目して、文化財の防虫環境を創出する方法を発案した。いくつかの文化財保管施設において実験をおこなった結果、文化財の虫害防除にこうかがあることを確認した。この方法を応用すると、十分な設備がなく、特別な知識を持った専門職員がいない施設においても、安全かつ簡便に文化財を虫害から防ぐことが可能な防虫環境の創出・維持が可能となる。

24年5月，中央図書館修復室においてシバンムシの発生が確認された．本稿ではこの問題の経緯と対処について，またこれを機として開始した調査と対策について報告する．

Training courses on IPM were held at the Grand Egyptian Museum Conservation Center three times from 2010 to 2011 as part of the JICA-GEM-CC Project with the help of the National Research Institute of Cultural Properties, Tokyo. The training coursesconsisted of 4 days’lectures and practices on insects and microbiology. Trainees, around 15 members each time, were selected from the staff of GEM-CC by themselves. They learned examination by sticky traps, identification of insects harmful to museum objects, method of CO2gas fumigation, sampling methods of fungi in air and on the surface of objects,isolation and identification of fungi,and examination of agents having antibacterial effect. During the period between the training courses, staff of GEM-CC examined the facilities of GEM-CC every month with sticky traps for insects and with an air-sampler for fungi. The results were discussed on the first day of the following training course with the instructors in order to improve the condition of GEM-CC facilities for conservation. After the three training courses,the staff of GEM-CC seem to have obtained knowledge and skill of IPM to some extent and are expected to develop them more. The authors also wish to expand the activity of the staff to conservation at the Grand Egyptian Museum which will open in 2015.

pdf, 2004年末で臭化メチルが全廃したことにより、アーカイブズをはじめとする資料保存機関はその対応に迫られることとなる。これが一つのきっかけとなり、薬剤に頼った燻蒸から薬剤を用いない生物被害対策の模索が始まった。農業の分野から誕生したIPM(Integrated Pest Management)は、薬剤を用いることなく、清掃の徹底、資料の目視点検などの日常的な取り組みを計画立てて実践することでその害を減らしていこうとするものであり、様々な機関で採用されることとなる。その他、窒素殺虫処理、二酸化炭素殺虫処理など薬剤を用いない殺虫方法も徐々に確立されつつある。 本論文では、これまで日本のアーカイブズで行われてきた生物被害対策に関する取り組みを振り返り、過去にどのような意識のもとで生物被害対策が実践されてきたのかに注目してその過程を辿る。また、臭化メチル全廃後の生物被害対策の実践と、化学分析による過去の燻蒸による臭化メチルの残留事例を報告し、過去と現在の生物被害対策から今後の生物被害対策の在り方とその課題を探る。 Since methyl bromide was completely prohibited at the end of 2004, archives and other institutions which kept historical collections in their custody were in urgent need of the reform. This situation triggered a search for new pest management without recourse to pest control chemicals which had been employed so far. One of the findings was Integrated Pest Management (IPM), which was originally devised in the discipline of agriculture. It is aimed to the reduction of insect damage without pest control chemicals by means of planned implementation of daily activities including thorough cleaning and inspection of materials. This methodology is employed by a variety of institutions today. The method of eliminating insects without drawing on pest control chemicals, such an approach with nitrogen and carbon dioxide, is also gradually established. This article examines efforts on pest management which archives in Japan has made so far and traces the process of implementation of the pest management and its thought in the past. It also reports the implementation of the pest management after the prohibition of methyl bromide and a case study of methyl bromide residue by fumigation with chemical analysis in the past and searches for the proper way of pest management in the future and its issues for practice by consideration of that of the past and present.

2011年2月15日と17日に行われた英国図書館の資料保存対策および書庫管理，保存環境に関する二つの講演会について報告する．また，国立国会図書館，国文学研究資料館，明治大学図書館の資料保存の先進事例を探った訪問の報告をする．

Since the use of methyl bromide was banned at the end of 2004, various alternative methods have been adopted in the museum community in Japan. Such methods include non-chemical methods to eradicate insects, and some other kinds of fumigants. There have been many consultations on unsatisfactory results of efficacy, inquiries about usage of chemicals, and questions about concerns on human health from the museum community in these four years. From these situations, we thought it very important to know recent possible problems related to the use of various kinds of pest controlling methods in museums. Simple inquiry sheets were delivered to about 340 museum staff in Japan from July to September, 2008. The inquiry sheets consist of three categories of questions: (1) unsatisfactory efficacy, (2) concerns on human health, and (3) effects on objects or portable fittings. About 55 percent of the sheets (185 answers) were sent back. The results clearly showed possible problems or difficulties on some pest controlling agents at present. The information is very important in improving the methodologies of pest control in museum communities in Japan.

An organophosphorous compound, dichlorovos (DDVP) is widely used as a powerful pesticide for indoor use. But its toxicity may cause serious problems to human health. In this report, we show the characteristics and possible toxicity of dichlorovos, and then make a proposal for its safe use in museums.

In general, it is understood that airborne mold and surface mold are correlated in the mechanism of float - fall(stick) - refloat. However, because results from surface mold measurement are integrated value while those from airborne mold measurement are momentary value, it is difficult to presume surface microorganism pollution on cultural properties from the results of airborne mold measurement or to evaluate current environment air of storage in museums from the results of surface mold measurement. The aim of this research was to understand the accumulation behaviors and mechanism of surface mold on walls. It was confirmed that surface mold constantly increased and accumulated, while airborne mold fluctuated and temporarily decreased. This report concludes that the results from surface mold measurement may compensate the restriction of airborne mold measurement that cannot monitor changes of microorganism environment between measurings. If measurement of accumulation rate is achieved, it will contribute toward the total monitoring of the indoor microorganism environment.

日本では、近代以降、文化財の保存機能が博物館に集約されるようになり、文化財保存は専門性の非常に高いものとなっていた。博物館での教育普及活動や文化ボランティアの活動が行われるようになったが、文化財保存や収蔵庫での保管業務に関わるようなボランティア活動や教育普及などは、その専門性故に難しいとされてきた。また、近代化以降の文化財保存は、社会情勢によって方策を変更しながら現在に至っている。地球温暖化を背景に文化財用の燻蒸薬剤として利用されていた臭化メチルが全廃となり、1990年代半ばから、文化財保存の方針がIPM(総合的有害生物管理:Integrated Pest Management)に切り替わった。約20年の間にIPMの認知度は上がったが、十分な体制を整えて実行できない館は依然として多数ある。 IPM導入館のうち多くは、館職員と専門業者によるIPMを行っているが、九州国立博物館・愛知県美術館・岐阜県美術館の３館では、市民も一緒にIPMに取り組む市民共同型IPMの体制を築いている。 そこで、市民協働型IPMを行っている施設のIPM体制を比較し、市民協働型IPMに必要な要素を明らかにし、今後市民協働のIPMを行う施設を行う施設を増やすための示唆を得ることを目的とした研究を行う。 プレ調査の結果、市民IPMには（１）支援者増員による館全体のIPMの促進、（２）文化財保存の教育普及効果、（３）IPM支援者は増えるがボランティアマネジメントの負担も大きい、といった特徴が分かった。 本調査では、調査対象を既に市民協働型IPMを行っている３館４団体と、導入を計画している熊本市現代美術館とし、インタビュー調査と可能な限りでの参与観察・非参与観察を行った。その結果を非営利組織のマネジメント体系に沿って、「ミッション・目標の方策」「戦略的な方策」「戦術的な方策」の３レベルに分類してまとめた。, 静岡文化芸術大学, 2014

In tea cultivation as many species of pests occurr simultaneously, so integrated pest management (IPM) that reduces pesticide application by harmoniously using pesticides and natural enemies, is important. However, the outbreak (resurgence) of the Kanzawa spider mite, Tetranychus kanzawai KISHIDA, following use of synthetic pyrethroid insecticides (SP) became a serious proulem in pest management on tea plants. To solve this problem, the SP-resistant predatory mite, Amblyseius womersleyi Schicha was found and its effectiveness was evaluated in the tea pests management program. The variation in susceptibility to SP was successfully detected and some promising SP resistant strains were selected from tea fields in the eastern part of Shizuoka prefecture. The ecological traits of the selected SP-resistant strain were equal to those of the other native populations in Japan. It was confirmed that this strain could successfully control the T. kanzawai population under SP application and two sucking pests (Scirtothrips dorsalis HOOD, Empoasca onukii MATSUDA) were simultaneously controlled by SP in the field trial.