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ストレス対処能力の違いに着目し，労働適応能力の向上に有用な職場環境の改善項目を検証することを目的とした．対象者は，某IT企業の労働者1,330名とした．2011年と2012年に労働適応能力指標（WAI）と3項目版の首尾一貫感覚についての質問票（SOC），メンタルヘルス改善意識調査票（MIRROR）より構成された質問票の回答を得た．また，2013年に再度WAIの回答を得た．2011年のSOCスコアの中央値で高SOC群と低SOC群の2群に分け，2011年から2013年の2年間でのWAIの改善および悪化に寄与した要因として，MIRRORの各項目の変化が及ぼす影響について検証した．その結果，WAIスコア向上には，ストレス対処能力が低い場合は，教育や訓練の機会を積極的に与え，通勤のストレス軽減に取り組み，業務の明確化を行い，トラブル発生時の支援体制の確立が有用であることが示唆された．ストレス対処能力が高い場合には，仕事に裁量度を与え，能力を向上するための研修・訓練の機会を与え，責任体制を明確にすることが有用であることが示唆された．以上から，日本のIT企業において，ストレス対処能力に基づいて職場環境を改善することは，労働者の労働適応能力を高めることができると考えられる． The aim of this study was to explore factors that ameliorate work ability by focusing on workersʼ capacity to deal with stress.The subjects were 1,330 workers from the Japanese information technology (IT) sector. Each subject completed questionnaires in 2011 and 2012 that consisted of the work ability index (WAI), the threeitem sense of coherence (SOC), and the Mental Health Improvement and Reinforcement Research of Recognition (MIRROR). The results of the WAI were also obtained in 2013. The median SOC score in 2011 was used to divide the subjects into two groups, the Low SOC group and the High SOC group, then we verified the factors that contributed to improved work ability in both of these groups over a two-year period. Results indicate that an improvement in work ability in the Low SOC group could be predicted by giving workers opportunities for education or training, by making efforts to reduce the stress of commuting, by clarifying their assignments, and by establishing support systems when troubles occur. For the High SOC group, such improvements could be predicted by giving workers job control, by giving education or training for the promotion of their abilities, and by establishing a system for assuming responsibility. In conclusion, improvements in the work environment can increase the work ability of Japanese IT workers in conformity with their capacity to deal with stress.