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Dynamic chest radiography (DCR) is a flat-panel detector (FPD) -based functional X-ray imaging, which is performed as an additional examination in chest radiography. The large field of view of FPDs permits real-time observation of motion/kinetic findings on the entire lungs, right and left diaphragm, ribs, and chest wall; heart wall motions; respiratory changes in lung density; and diameter of the intrathoracic trachea. Since the dynamic FPDs had been developed in the early 2000s, we focused on the potential of dynamic FPDs for functional X-ray imaging and have launched a research project for the development of an imaging protocol and digital image-processing techniques for the DCR. The quantitative analysis of motion/kinetic findings is helpful for a better understanding of pulmonary function, because the interpretation of dynamic chest radiographs is challenging and time-consuming for radiologists, pulmonologists, and surgeons. Recent clinical studies have demonstrated the usefulness of DCR combined with the digital image processing techniques for the evaluation of pulmonary function and circulation. Especially, there is a major concern in color-mapping images based on dynamic changes in radiographic lung density, where pulmonary impairments can be detected as color defects, even without the use of contrast media or radioactive medicine. Dynamic chest radiography is now commercially available for the use in general X-ray room and therefore can be deployed as a simple and rapid means of functional imaging in both routine and emergency medicine. This review article describes the current status and future prospects of DCR, which might bring a paradigm shift in respiratory diagnosis.