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地域文化創造プロジェクト「ENIWA 学」（共同研究）は，文化活動を通した地域創成の在り方を研究する実践的研究である．今回は，大学と隣接する文化遺産「カリンバ遺跡」（国指定遺跡）をテーマとし，持続可能な地域社会の実現にむけて地域と交流することをふまえ，ワークショップを通じて地域創成にかかわる遺跡のデザイン化を目指した．本稿では，縄文後期の「カリンバ遺跡」を象徴するベンガラ朱を活用したワークショップの創出過程を明らかにし，本ワークショップの意義をアクションリサーチと参与観察，そして質問紙調査，さらには画像資料をもとに考察した．ワークショップの題材設定では，まず「協同で成される」こと「一過性でおわらない」ことを念頭に置いた．また，主題については，染色家の橘内美貴子や本学学生の協力を得ながら検討した．そして，材料についての理解を深めながら参加する児童の発達段階も考慮した内容となった．制作過程の考察から，ワークショップが「オープンエンド」で「抽象的な行為主体」，そして「未知な体験」としての活動であることが，参加者の地域文化活動への参画をポジティブなものにし多様性が重んじられる時代の 持続可能な地域づくりにとって必要であることを示唆した．また，制作後の参加者の様子や，恵庭市社会教育委員の発言から，地域資源を活用した表現活動が今までにない形でベンガラ朱が可視化され，知識的な理解を超えて感性的な次元での共感に繋がったことが示唆された．

本研究では，教員のなり手不足解消を目的とした，北海道教育委員会が企画する「草の根教育実習」に参加する学生の参加意識と，地方自治体の受け入れ意識に着目し，その関係性を明らかにすることを目的とした． 本学学生及び自治体関係者に対する質問紙調査及びインタビュー調査によって, 明らかとなった点は以下の通りである. すなわち，将来の赴任地として地方を選ぶと答えた学生は, 都市部を選ぶとする学生よりも多い傾向にある．だが，現段階で学生が思い描く「教師の魅力」は, 地域との関係ではなく，子どもとの関係での一般的なものにすぎない．つまり，学生が抱く「教師の魅力」と,自治体との意向は, 現段階では乖離する面がある. 自治体が「縦割り行政」から脱し，特に関係人口創出に取り組む部署と, 教育委員会及び学校とが，「横の連携」を見出すことにより，若い教員と地域をつなぐ道が見えてこよう．その姿勢は，地域創生に貢献する教員のあらたな魅力として学生の目に映じ，教員確保に向けた地方教育行政の取り組みの新たな展開につながるものと考えられる．

本研究は，北海道鷹栖町の公園，「パレットヒルズ」における「地域おこし協力隊」のマネジメントに焦点をあて，地域再生に向けた新しい価値の創造の観点から，その意義と課題を明らかにすることを目的とする．研究の結果明らかになった点は以下三点である．第一，パレットヒルズ（「モノ」）の活用をめぐり，「よそ者」である隊員B 氏の活動によって，役場職員A 氏も含め，地元住民が今まで気づかなかった「モノ」の価値に気づいたこと，第二，その「気づき」を含めて，住民がパレットヒルズで展開される多彩なアクティビティに新たな形で参加するようになったこと，第三，そもそもパークゴルフ場と桜の花見会場以外には町民の活用はほとんどなかったパレットヒルズが，多彩なアクティビティがくり広げられる場として，地元のみならず，他の地域からの関係人口をも誘引したことを明らかにした． 一方，本研究の課題は，第一，今回調査した隊員が，地元住民とどのようにして関係を築き，広げたのか，その詳細な方法を明らかにすること，第二，一方で，地元住民自身は，パレットヒルズの新しい活用法に，どのような価値を見出しているのかを明らかにすることである．

本稿では，北海道文教大学における教育改革プロジェクト「ENIWA 学」の実践，特に地域のホールにおいて，地域の自然と歴史を題材とした『漁川物語』を朗読劇として上演する文化活動を対象とし，その活動過程における学生の経験と，教員の支援のあり方を，各種の記録をもとに分析し，明らかにした．その結果，第一，学生は地域の歴史や文化に接し，朗読劇を上演する活動を通して，地域の人々と交流し，地域に対する認識を深めた．第二，第一と関連し，その経験を通して学生は，上演という目的に向かって仲間と力を合わせ協働するモチベーションを徐々に高めていった．第三，プロジェクトの実施により，大学教育を地域に開かれ，文化を創造していくための場とする方法を示した．次に，研究の結果明らかになった教員の支援に関する課題を，以下二点にまとめる．第一，学生がより一層主体的に地域文化の創造に参画するための支援のあり方を検討していくこと．第二，学生が地域文化の創造に向かって，モチベーションと協働性をさらに高めていくことができるような支援を構築していくことである．具体的には準備段階から地域の人々と連携していく機会を増やしていく支援の実践に課題がある．

ホタルは，発光基質であるルシフェリンと酸素がATP，Mgイオンの存在下に酵素ルシフェラーゼの触媒作用により反応することによって黄緑色に発光することが知られている．近年，岩野らによって合成されたアカルミネというルシフェリン類似物は，ルシフェリンの代わりにルシフェラーゼ反応に供与すると赤色に発光する．この発光色の違いが，発光基質とルシフェラーゼとの相互作用の違いによるものなのか，あるいは，発光基質の化学的な性質の違いによるのかは不明である．そこで我々は，アカルミネとルシフェラーゼの反応後の複合体の立体構造をX 線結晶構造解析により決定し，ルシフェリンの場合と比較することでこの問題への解答を行った．その結果，反応に関わる両基質と酵素の官能基の原子間の立体的な位置関係は，ほとんど同じであった．このことから，基質? 酵素間の相互作用はほぼ同じと考えられ，発色の違いは，アカルミネとルシフェリン，それぞれの化学的性質の違いによることが示唆された． Fireflies generate a yellow-green light from the oxygenation of the luminescent substrate, d-luciferin, using molecular oxygen. This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme luciferase in the presence of ATP and Mg2+ ions. A luciferin analog called AkaLumine emits a red light when subject to the same luciferase-catalyzed reaction. Whether the difference in emitted color is due to a difference in reaction mechanisms or to the different chemical properties of these two substrates remains unclear. To address the question, we determined the X-ray crystal structure of the complex formed between luciferase and the reaction products derived from AkaLumine at 2.5A resolution. Comparing the crystal structures obtained from the AkaLumine-derived complex with that previously obtained from d-luciferin revealed a common threedimensional arrangement of the functional groups participating in the reaction in luciferase as well as in both substrates. Our results indicate that the reaction mechanism of AkaLumine is almost identical to that of d-luciferin. Therefore, we propose that the red light emitted from AkaLumine is due to a difference in its chemical properties compared with d-luciferin.

主論文ファイル公開を要約ファイル公開に切替：2020年6月26日

本論文は2013 年4 月に上演された札幌Ｋ高等学校演劇部『Ｋ版 星の王子さま』（サン＝テグジュペリ原作）の生成過程を分析対象とし教師の支援を反省的に検討したものである。検討の結果，創造的活動を行うための生徒と生徒，教師相互の対話空間の形成に関する教師の支援に関し，以下の三点を仮説的な理論として提示した。第一に，教師は，生徒個々人の言葉に耳を傾け思いを受け止めると同時に，上演を見据えた総合的な見地から判断することの必要性を強調し生徒に向き合うことが必要である。第二に，教師は生徒に話し合いを行わせ，原作の主題を自分たちの感覚に合ったものに変換するように支援することが必要である。第三に，教師は生徒相互，あるいは生徒と教師の対話の場面を注意深く観察し，フォーマル，インフォーマルな形に限らず柔軟な形でそれが形成されるように支援することが必要である。, The Purpose of this paper is to examine the process of the teacher-assisted theatre performance of the K-version of Le Petit Prince presented by Sapporo K-high school drama club students. This production was performed on April 2013 in the auditorium of the K-high school and the city hall of Sapporo K Ward. In this paper I’d like to make an analysis of teacher’s support for creating an interaction among students in the process of producing drama by using a method of Action Research. Action research is one of the means of Qualitative Research which is composed of planning, practice, observation and reflection. I analyzed an interaction among students by using ten kinds of text data. The main data consist of following three records. First, the record of my own practice about teaching students; Second, the journal of activities recorded by students; Third, the descriptive answers to a questionnaire concerning about activities of drama production by general observers. On the basis of the results of this reflection of my own practice, I’d like to present three hypotheses about the teacher’s support to the creating an interaction among high school students through making drama production. First, a teacher should support students by listening carefully to their views; Second, a teacher should encourage them to discuss the themes of the original story, which would make them closer to the story; Third a teacher should prompt them to form the interaction among students, as well as between students and a teacher in a formal and informal way.

内容の要旨・審査結果の要旨 / 三重大学大学院医学系研究科 生命医科学専攻 病態解明医学講座 腫瘍集学治療学分野

Fireflies are glowing by a bioluminescent reaction carried out by the enzyme luciferase. The change in bioluminescence color caused by subtle structural differences in luciferase has attracted much research interest. We solved the crystal structures of wild-type and red mutant (S286N) luciferases from the Japanese Genji-botaru (Luciola cruciata) in complex with a high-energy intermediate analogue. Comparing these structures to those of the wild-type luciferase complexed with a substrate and with products revealed a significant conformational change that was observed in the high-energy state of the wild-type enzyme, but not in the red mutant. A series of the structures indicates that the extent of molecular rigidity of the excited state of a product, oxyluciferin, which is controlled by a transient movement of Ile288, determines the color of the bioluminescence during the emission reaction.

1)ヒトセミノーマ移植腫瘍モデルにおける転移巣形成の結果より, セミノーマ細胞にはlymphophilic characteristicsがあることが示唆された.2)動物実験モデルならびに臨床検体を用いた検討より, マトリックスメタロプロテアーゼごとにMMP-2の発現とリンパ節転移との関連が示唆された, To investigate the factors related to lymph node metastasis of testicular germ cell tumors, we first established a seminoma orthotopic model with lymph node metastasis in SCID mice by inoculating small fragments from subcutaneous xenografts. Second, we compared the expression patterns of metastasis-related genes of the seminoma xenografts and of the TCam-2 cells which were established as a seminoma cell line from a primary testicular seminoma. Third, we immunohistochemically analyzed human germ cell tumors (25 seminomas, 17 nonseminomas) using monoclonal antibodies to CD34, VEGF, VEGF-C, Flt-4, MMP-2 and E-cadherin. Testicular seminoma xenografts grew in 32/32 (100%) of the inoculated mice, of which 15 (47%) developed macroscopic metastasis to the renal hilar lymph node. Circulating tumor cells were detectable by using a PCR assay for the human beta-globin gene in 25/32 (78%) mice, although metastatic foci were not histologically evident in the visceral organs, including lungs, liver, kidneys and spleen. This may reflect the lymphophilic characteristics of the seminoma cells used. Regarding mRNA expression of metastasis-related genes, an increased expression of MMP-2 and VEGF compared with that in the s.c. xenografts was demonstrated by RT-PCR assay in the testicular seminoma xenografts. In addition, uPAR, MMP-1, MMP-2, MT1-MMP and MT3-MMP showed a a stronger expression and PAI-2 a weaker expression in the seminoma xenografts than did TCam-2 cells. These results suggest a higher metastatic potential of the seminoma xenografts, especially testicular xenografts, as compared with TCam-2 cells. In the immunohistochemical study, a significant correlation was found between MMP-2 expression and lymph node metastasis, which is compatible with the results for the metastasis-related gene expression from the seminoma xenografts.

平成23年度スペースプラズマ研究会(2012年2月27-28日. 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所(JAXA)(ISAS)相模原キャンパス), 相模原市, 神奈川県, Space Plasma Conference FY2011 (February 27-28, 2012. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(JAXA)(ISAS)Sagamihara Campus), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan, 資料番号: SA6000079017

平成22年度スペースプラズマ研究会(2011年3月3-4日. 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所(JAXA)(ISAS)相模原キャンパス), 相模原市, 神奈川県, Space Plasma Conference FY2010 (March 3-4, 2011. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(JAXA)(ISAS)Sagamihara Campus), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan, 資料番号: SA6000080013

平成21年度スペースプラズマ研究会(2010年3月11-12日, 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究本部), Space Plasma Conference(March 11-12, 2010, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan), 形態: カラー図版あり, 形態: CD-ROM1枚, Physical characteristics: Original contains color illustrations, Note: One CD-ROM, 資料番号: AA0064740019

A 73-year-old man with prostatic cancer with cystic degeneration is reported. He visited our clinic for postoperative examination of left metastatic lung cancer and treatment of prostatic hypertrophy. When the prostatic biopsy was performed, bloody fluid was aspirated and prostate size on digital examination was reduced. The obtained specimen consisted of scar tissue. Urethrography showed an elongation of prostatic urethra in addition to the compression of urinary bladder from the rear. CT scan demonstrated a prostatic cyst approximately 8 cm in diameter with an irregular margin. Following the transurethral resection of the prostate, the prostatic cyst was opened and papillary tumor observed. Histological examination revealed a well differentiated medullary cancer which coincided with the pathological finding of left metastatic lung cancer. He died from dyspnea caused by pleuritis carcinomatosa 6 years later. Nine cases of prostatic cancer with cystic degeneration in the Japanese literature are reviewed.

A 32-year-old female visited our clinic with the chief complaints of macroscopic hematuria and pollakisuria in February 18, 1987. Cystoscopic examination revealed findings of cystitis but bleeding from the ureteral orifice was not observed. IVP showed right non visualized kidney and retrograde pyelography demonstrated right ureteral stenosis on the lower ureter and right hydronephrosis. Total hysterectomy, right oophorectomy and right ureterolysis were carried out in March 5. Right lower ureter was buried in the fibrous tissue approximately over 2 cm above the crossing with iliac vessels. Dark reddish colored small tumor was noticed in the stenosed ureter and resected. The histological diagnosis confirmed endometriosis. A total of 37 cases of ureteral endometriosis in the Japanese literature was reviewed.

A 62-year-old male visited our department complaining of left flank pain and urinary retention on November 6, 1989. Intravenous pyelography showed small stone shadows in bilateral ureters and lower calyx of kidney and the left kidney was not visualized. Endoscopically, calculi were seen in bilateral ureteral orifice. An ureteral catheter could not be passed up from there bilaterally. On November 13, 1989, January 24 and 26, 1990, calculi were passed out spontaneously. Analysis of the stones revealed silica calculus. The patient had a past history of duodenal ulcers. He was administered magnesium silicate and magnesium alminometasilicate as an anti-acid drug for ten years. Sixteen cases of silica calculus in Japan are reviewed.

A 58-year-old woman was introduced to our department complaining of lower abdominal pain and macrohematuria in March, 1978. Intravenous pyelography revealed stenosis and a ureteral stone on the right distal ureter. In May, 1983, she visited our department again. Endoscopically, bleeding from the right ureteral orifice was observed. Retrograde pyelography demonstrated the right hydronephrosis and irregular margin of the right lower ureter. However, the urine cytology was negative, and CT scan and ureteroscopy showed no tumorous lesion on the portion. On 7 August, 1989, partial ureterectomy and end to end anastomosis was performed. Histopathological examination by H-E and Congo red stain proved amyloid deposition. Postoperative course was uneventful. A total of 40 cases of amyloidosis of the ureter in the world are reviewed.

TUR-Pによる治療を施行した前立腺肥大症患者25例に対してCMNX 1 gをone shot静注し, 1時間後の血清, 前立腺組織内濃度について検討した.1) CMNXの血清濃度は69.17±17.47 μg/ml前立腺組織内濃度は5.33±2.33 μg/g, P/S ratioは8.18±4.45%であった.2)血清濃度と前立腺組織内濃度との間には, 相関は認められなかった.3)前立腺組織内濃度と臨床分離株に対するMIC90との比較により, グラム陰性桿菌が起炎菌である細菌性前立腺炎やTUR-P前後の感染症や感染予防に有効であると考えられた, Carumonam (CRMN), the first monobactam antibiotic in Japan, has excellent activity against gram-negative bacteria and is useful in the treatment of urinary tract infections. However, it may be insufficient in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections because of the increase in isolation of gram-positive bacteria, and it may be necessary to co-administer antibiotics active against gram-positive organisms to achieve a broader spectrum of coverage in connection with severe infections. The combination of CRMN and fosfomycin (FOM) was evaluated for its effectiveness and safety at the Department of Urology, Yamagata University Hospital and 7 affiliated hospitals. Clinical efficacy was assessed on 64 patients with complicated urinary tract infection according to the Criteria for Clinical Evaluation of Antimicrobial Agents in UTI (3rd. ed.) recommended by the Japan UTI Committee. Clinical efficacy was evaluated as excellent in 16, moderate in 32, poor in 16, with an overall clinical effectiveness rate of 75.0%, which is superior compared with CRMN alone. Of the total of 92 bacterial strains isolated, 66 (71.7%) were eradicated. Subjective adverse reaction was seen in 1 patient (1.4%), as nausea and anorexia. Slight increases in serum GOT and GPT ware recorded in 5 patients (7.1%). These findings disappeared after the termination of administration without treatment. The combination of CRMN and FOM might therefore be useful in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections.

症例は79歳女で, 右無機能腎を伴った馬蹄鉄腎に発生した左尿管膀胱腫瘍例である.組織学的には移行上皮癌ではあるが, 尿管, 膀胱に生じた腫瘍であった.発生については, 家族歴では多くの癌患者を有し, 既往歴でも3重複癌の状態にあった.本症例は当院外科より異時性多発重複癌として報告されており, 今回の尿管膀胱移行上皮癌の発生で4重複癌となる.いずれの癌も偶発癌でなく, 臨床的に癌として診断され, 手術療法を受けている点が特徴的である.これまで2回尿管部分切除を行い, 腎機能を保存し, 尿路変向もせずQOLの保持目的は果されているとみられた, A 79-year-old woman was admitted with recurrent ureteral and bladder cancers. She had a horseshoe kidney with a non-functioning right renal unit. Fifteen months earlier, multiple urothelial tumors had first developed in the left upper ureter and bladder. Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TUR-Bt) and partial ureterectomy (2 cm) had been performed. Presently, the recurrent tumors were located at the left lower ureter and bladder. Considering the high age of the patient, TUR-Bt and partial ureterectomy (5 cm) were performed. Besides urothelial cancers, she had been operated for carcinomas of the colon, uterus and stomach. Kidney-sparing therapy has successfully maintained her quality of life.

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1983年4月より1984年3月までの間に東北大学泌尿器科関連21施設において前立腺切除術を施行した前立腺肥大症患者130例を対象として, 術前CZX 2 gをone shot静注し, 前立腺組織内濃度および組織切除時の血中濃度を測定した.各組織に2倍量のM/15リン酸緩衝液(pH 7.0)を加え, ホモジネート後, 2300 G 10分間遠心してその上清の薬剤濃度を測定した.CZXの濃度測定は, B. subtilis ATCC 6633を検定菌とするdisk法で行なった.同時にTUR-P前後の尿所見及び尿中細菌の分離同定, MICの測定も行なった.尿中検出菌に対するCZXのMICの測定は, LMOX, CPZ, CMX, CTX, CEZ, CTMを対照薬剤とした.これら抗生物質の血清に対する前立腺組織内濃度の割合は, FOMが100%を超える以外は, ほぼ22～78%であった.また前立腺組織内濃度は, しだいに血清中濃度に近づく傾向にあった.CPZとCZXの血清中濃度と前立腺組織内濃度の比較においては, 血清中濃度ではCPZがCZXを上まわるが, 後者では逆にCZXがCPZを上まわり, CZXについて血清中からの優れた移行性が報告されている.CZX 2 g静注で, 血清より前立腺組織への移行率は30分で49.1%, 1時間で51.4%, 1.5時間で54.3%, 2時間で60.8%, 4時間で64.2%, 6時間38.2%, 8時間74.5%, 9時間で81.4%であり, 6時間値で下降を示したものの, 全体の傾向としては前立腺組織内CZXの濃度は血清濃度に近づいてゆくことがわかった.この成績から, 今回検査したE. coli, Klebsiella, P. vulgaris, P. mirabilisなどのグラム陰性桿菌群に対しCZXが長時間の前立腺組織内濃度の維持を示すことから, 前立腺手術後の感染症や感染防止に使用して十分な治療効果が期待できると考えられた, The concentration of Ceftizoxime (CZX) was determined in the prostatic tissue and serum of 130 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy. Two grams of CZX was given by intravenous injection prior to TUR. The mean value of CZX levels in prostatic tissue and prostatic level/serum levels ratio (p/s ratio) after administration were 47.2 +/- 2.8 micrograms/g, 49.1% at 30 minutes, 33.3 +/- 2.2 micrograms/g, 51.4% at one hour, 22.2 +/- 2.7 micrograms/g, 60.8% at 2 hours, 13.6 +/- 3.9 micrograms/g, 64.2% at 4 hours, 3.04 +/- 0.54 micrograms/g, 74.5% at 8 hours, respectively. In conclusion, the concentration of CZX in the prostatic tissues attained the minimal inhibitory concentration of 80% for the gram-negative bacteria, the excluding P. aeruginosa. Thus clinical effectiveness of CZX could be expected on bacterial prostatitis and bacterial infection after prostatic operations.

We have experienced 6 cases of fracture of the penis between 1974 and 1984 at our department. The patients were between 19 and 36 years old. The penis was swollen and distorted by a subcutaneous hematoma but no complications, such as urethral bleeding, pain of miction and urinary retention, were seen in any case. Operation was performed on all patients and no sequelae were seen after treatment. We reviewed 282 cases of fracture of the penis reported in the Japanese literature between 1934 and 1984. A brief review on cause, age, symptoms, complications and sequelae were discussed.

Fosfomycin (FOM, 2 g/day, p.o.) and Cephalexin (CEX, I g/day, p.o.) were administered to 132 cases of acute urinary tract infections, and the efficacy of these drugs was compared with double blind procedure. Except 2 drop-out cases, which bad not visited the hospital after the first administration of the drugs, I in FOM-group and I in CEX-group, the background of 130 cases were analyzed according to 33 articles, and it was to be satisfied in its uniformity as the subject of this trial. The final evaluation of therapeutic effect of each drug was decided according to the individual evaluation of the effect on urinary microorganism, urinary findings, and general status of the patient, except the side-effect. These results were analyzed statistically, and no significant difference was observed between these evaluations. Furthermore, X2-test, Wilcoxon's procedure, and calculation of several coefficients of correlation were carried out, but any significant difference between the action of these drugs could not be observed. As the side-effect, 6 of slight GI-tract symptoms, and increase in serum transaminase in 3 cases were observed in FOM-group, while, slight sickness in 2 cases, increase of serum transaminase in 4 cases, and increase of jaundice index in I case were observed in CEX-group, respectively. But all of these were slight and temporary, and these needed neither suspension of the drug administration nor some available therapies. With the results obtained above, it was concluded that FOM and CEX should have almost the same therapeutic effect on the simple acute urinary tract infections.

In order to evaluate the efficacy and safety of new antibiotics, Doxycycline (DOT C) and Rolitetracycline (Roli-TC) with the use of intravenous administration in urinary tract infections, a well-controlled open study was carried out, and the following results were obtained. 1) Any significant difference between the efficancy of these two drugs in urinary tract infections could not be found with the statistical analysis using x2-test, direct probability, multiple regression analysis, and discriminant analysis with calculated sample score by quantification theory. 2) A simple mathematical values calculated on the efficacy of these drugs with the incidence of the significant or efficient therapeutic results were 56.5% in DOTC-group and 42.0% in Roli-TC-group. And the incidence of the side-effects, including anorexia, flare, slight increase of serum GOT and GPT, and 1 case of allergic hives, and 3 cases of paralysed feeling of the tongue, were 3.2% in DOTC-group and 7.8% in Roli-TC-group. Four cases in Roli-TC-group dropped out due to lack of post-administrative clinical data, including one case of exanthema as the side-effect.

1)経尿道的前立腺切除術の術中出血は, 腺腫切除の前半に多く最初の30分間に術中出血量の約50%が失われていた.手術出血を少なくするためには, 動脈性出血をこまめに止めながら切除をすすめること, 一度に切除面を大きくせず一葉を半分位にわけ各部を被膜近くまで切除してから隣りに移るようにすること, 一葉の大半を切除したら対側に移り最後に残存する腺腫を根治的に切除するなどの手技の改良が必要と考えられた.2)前立腺手術の術後出血は, 膀胱テネスムスにより誘発増悪しており, 術後疼痛の出現を充分に抑えうれば再出血を防止しうると考えられた.硬膜外腔にmorphineあるいはbuprenophineを注入して, 術後出血量を対照群の30%にまで減少せしめえた.3)術後の止血が順調か否かは, 手術後数時間以内の経過にかかっており, TURP 2～4時間並びに6～8時間後の血尿濃度で術後出血型を推測しうるとともに, とるべき処置も選択しうる, The majority of hemorrhages occurring during open prostatectomy are induced during the steps for removal of adenoma. However, the hemorrhage during transurethral prostatic resection (TURP) usually takes place at its initial stage, and approx. 50% of the amount of the hemorrhage during the operation occurred within 30 minutes after initiating the operation. When the resection of the adenoma advanced near the surgical capsule, the amount of hemorrhage decreased sharply. This was interpreted to indicate that many of the blood vessels are cut at the initial stage of the operation and that the steps for resection are processed at that stage without special attempt to stop the hemorrhage. We have discussed some aspects for improvement of the methodology for the operation of this kind. The postoperative progress of hemorrhage revealed that the operative cases can be classified into three groups; one was the group with smooth hemostasis since immediately after the operation (Type I and II) and the others were the group with satisfactory hemostasis during the operation and yet with resumption of substantial hematuria (Type III and IV) and the group with continued hemorrhage of substantial amount since immediately after the operation (Type V). It was demonstrated that those showing hematuria of more than 2% at 2-4 hours after the operation and 0.5-1.9% at 6-8 hours after the operation can be rated as falling under the latter two groups and that the check at an early stage and early counter-treatment would induce favorable postoperative progress.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cefatrizine (S-640P, 1g/day, p.o.) and ampicillin (AB-PC, 1g/day, p.o.) were administered to 150 cases of acute urinary tract infections, and the efficacy of these drugs was compared with double blind procedure. Except 5 drop-out cases (2 in S-640P, and 3 in AB-PC), which had not visited the hospital after first administration of the drugs, the background of 145 cases were analyzed according to 33 articles, and it was to be satisfied in its uniformity as the subject of this trial. The final evaluation of therapeutic effect of each drug was decided according to the individual evaluation of the effect on urinary microorganism, urinary findings, and general status of the patients, except the side-effect. These results were analyzed statistically, and no significant difference was observed between these evaluations. Furthermore, x2-test, Wilcoxon's procedure, and calculation of several coefficients of correlation were carried out, but any significant difference between the action of these drugs could not be observed. As the side-effect, blister formation on the mucous membrane (1), exanthema (3), diarrhea (2), and slight increase of s-GOT and Al-P-ase (1) were observed in S-640P group; blister formation on mouth lip (1), decrease of neutrophilic leucocyte and increase of lymphocyte (1), exanthema (1), and increase of s-GOT, s-GPT and Al-P-ase (1) were found in AB-PC group. But all of these were slight and temporary, and these needed neither suspension of drug administration nor some available therapies. The clinical efficacy of S-640P was 74.0% on the 4th day of administration and 72.6% on the 8th day of administration, while the efficacy of AB-PC was 69.0% on the 4th day and 76.6% on the 8th day of administration. With the results obtained above, it was concluded that S-640P and AB-PC should have almost the same therapeutic effect on the simple acute urinary tract infections.

On 43 patients who recieved urologic operation, t h e effectiveness of a hemostatic agent, "Reptilase" was examined with reference to operative and postoperative bleeding . As a result the agent was proved to be as effective as other existing hemostatic agents.

ストレプトマイシン散布で無核化した四倍体ブドウ`藤稔'と`巨峰'の房形,軸茎生長,果実肥大を改善するために,満開時のGA処理濃度の検討を行った。得られた主な点はつぎのようであった。1)良品質の果房生産には,満開時に2.5から25ppm濃度のGA散布が有効であった。この作業を省くと,両品種とも主軸長,支梗長などの果粒を支える軸生長が不充分であり,また,果粒の肥大がやや小さかった。また,この反応は第1果房でも第2果房でも同様であった。2)四倍体ブドウの安定した無核化生産には,(1) 無核化誘発のための満開前9日またはそれ以前にSM 200ppm処理を行い,果房整形し,つぎに (2) 満開時に2.5～25ppmのGA処理を行い,さらに (3) 果実の肥大促進を図るため満開後10日目にGA 25ppmの後処理が必要であった。そして,(1) と(2) の浸漬処理は,噴霧器による散布処理に代替えでき,薬剤処理作業を簡素化できた。, Gibberellin (GA) treatment at full bloom of seedless tetraploid grapes cv. 'Fujiminori' and 'Kyoho' induced by streptomycin (SM) was conducted in order to improve the shape of bunch, rachiseo growth, pedicel growth and berries enlargement. 1) GA spraying at full bloom at concentrations of 2.5 to 25ppm was effective to induce a compact shape of bunch. In the case of non-spraying of GA, shorter pedicels, weak stems and less fruiting were detected. There were no differences in response to GA at full bloom between spraying and dipping treatments, and between clusters of 'Primary' and 'Secondary'. 2) For the stable production of seedless tetraploid grapes, it is necessary to use growth regulators at least three times. The first treatment of 200ppm SM was conducted at 9 days or more before full bloom in order to induce complete seedless berries. The second treatment of 2.5 to 25ppm GA was conducted at full bloom in order to promote rachiseo and pedicel growth. The third treatment of 25ppm GA was conducted at 10 days after full bloom in order to enlarge berries size. Dipping method for the first and second ones could take the place of spraying method by spray machines.

四倍体ブドウ`藤稔',`巨峰'を用いて,SMの処理時期と処理濃度の違いが無核果率,果房形状,果実品質に及ぼす影響について検討した。1)満開18日前から満開までのSM処理時期の違いでは,処理が早いほど無核果率が高かった。また,両品種とも満開18日前のSM処理と果房整形を行うことで幼蕾の脱粒,いわゆる花振いを防止することができた。2)SM67,100,200ppmの処理濃度の違いで第1果房では無核果率に相違がみられず,また,第2果房でも満開18日前にSM処理すれば,ほぼ完全な無核果率が達成できた。3)開花直前に花穂先端から3.5cmだけの花蕾に整形すると,SM200ppm処理と満開時のGA25ppmと満開11日後のGA25ppm処理により,収穫果房や果実品質が著しく損なわれることはなく,商品性のあるテーブルブドウの果房が得られた。, An experiment was conducted to determine the effectiveness of streptomycin (SM) and gibberellins (GA) on induction of seedlessness, high quality of berries, and compactness of clusters. 1) Complete seedlessness was attained with the application of 200ppm SM on the earlier date up to 18 days prior to bloom. Also, heavy dropping of berries from cluster was improved with SM-application 18 days prior to bloom and sizing of cluster. 2) SM-effect for complete seedless induction was not influenced among applied concentrations of 67, 100, and 200ppm. Any of applied concentration had 100% seedless effect on both first and second clusters. 3) Induced seedless berries with 200ppm SM increased their size after sizing into 3.5cm length of cluster and application of 25ppm GA at full bloom, and with additional application 25ppm GA at 11 days after bloom. Harvested clusters had large size of berries and desirable compactness as commercial table grape of 'Fujiminori' and 'Kyoho'.

ストレプトマイシン(SM)により無核化したブドウ`藤稔'の花穂先端部の切りつめ整形処理,および満開時や後期でのジベレリン(GA)や1-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-3-phenylurea(CPPU)処理の違いが収穫時の果粒肥大や品質に及ぼす影響について調査した。1)開花初期の花穂先端部の切りつめ整形処理は,切りつめの程度が長いほど果房や果軸が重くなった。2)切りつめ整形果房のGA,CPPUの混合処理は,満開時より後期に処理した場合に顕著な果粒の肥大効果を示した。また,大粒果にかかわらず,果色や糖度および裂果などの品質低下が少なかった。, Spraying of streptomycin (SM) at 16 days prior to full bloom induced parthenocarpic berries in the seeded grape 'Fujiminori', however, their sizes were not large enough at harvest. This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of pruning of flower clusters and dipping treatment of gibberellin (GA) and 1-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-3-phenylurea (CPPU) at floral stage for improvement of size and qualities. The results were summarized as follows. 1) Pruning of flower clusters affected the shape and size of the harvested bunches. The longer the cutting from the top of flower cluster, the heavier bunch and stem were harvested. 2) Additional GA and CPPU mixture treatment at 11 days after full bloom produced larger berries, moderate qualities as rich sweetness with dark color and seldom berry cracking.

四倍体ブドウ品種`藤稔',`巨峰'において,ストレプトマイシン(SM)処理で無核果実を誘発する割合は,処理される新梢の長さによって異なった(図5)。長い新梢ほど高い率で無核果実が得られた。しかし`巨峰'では満開13日前,また`藤稔'では満開15日前のSM散布後,満開日に12.5ppmのGA処理を再度行うと,この新梢の長さの効果は消され,いずれの処理枝でもすべて完全な無核果実を結実した(図5)。またその処理は果実重を増し,大果を生産した(図6)。この満開時にGA 12.5ppmの散布を加えると,果房の大きさを増したが,短い新梢ほどその影響は少なかった(表3,4)。SM処理時に設定した長さによる区分は,その後の枝の伸長性(図1)や果実の肥大(図2)と正の相関を示し,また果皮色とは負の相関を示した(図3,4)。結果として,SMで無核性を誘発したのち,満開時にGAを処理することが,コンパクトな果房を得るのに必要であった。, The induction rates of seedless berries in the tetraploid grapes, 'Kyoho' and 'Fujiminori' by the streptomycin (SM) spraying differed with applied shoot lengths. The longer the shoots at the treatment application, the higher the rates of seedlessness induced (Fig. 5). However, an additional GA treatment at 12.5ppm on 6～8th June (at full bloom stage) after SM spraying on 24th May overcame these length effects of shoots and any of the applied shoots bore the complete seedless berries (Fig. 5). It was also effective to increase the fruit weight, resulting larger size of berries (Fig. 6). As compared with the un-treated, GA treatment at full bloom induced heavier and larger clusters and berries (Table 3 and 4). However, it was found that the shorter the shoot treated, the smaller the effects on the induction of larger clusters. Criterion according to shoot lengths at the SM spraying on 24th May positively related to shoot elongation and fruit enlargement (Fig. 2) and negatively correlated with skin coloring (Fig. 3 and 4). In conclusion, the additional GA treatment after SM spraying is needed for production of a compact cluster and high quality fruits in seedless tetraploid grape production.