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Car crushes at intersections of residential area are one of the serious problems. Therefore, the inter-vehicle communication system using 700MHz band to prevent car crush at an intersection has been proposed. It is important to know propagation characteristics at intersections. In this paper, propagation analyses of 700MHz band at an intersection of residential area consisting of concrete block walls are studied using the FDTD method. Propagation characteristics for various locations of wave source and wall structures were investigated. These characteristics considering uniform concrete and concrete block walls are compared. The power azimuth delay profiles were obtained by using the direction of arrival estimation method.

近年,交差点における自動車衝突事故防止のため,車車間通信を用いた衝突防止システムの研究が進められている.特に家屋塀で囲まれた道幅の狭い住宅地交差点では,その効果が期待されている.現在,車車間通信用の周波数帯として720MHz帯及び5.8GHz帯の利用が検討されている.本研究では軽量コンクリート家屋塀で囲まれた住宅地交差点における720MHz帯及び5.8GHz帯での電波伝搬特性解析を行った.種々の塀厚み及び送信側自動車位置に対する伝搬損失特性を明らかにした.また,電波の伝搬メカニズムを明らかにするため電力遅延プロファイル特性解析を行った.尚,電磁界解析手法としてFDTD法を用いた. Recently, inter-vehicle communication system to prevent car crush at an intersection has been proposed. In the system, the use of 720MHz and 5.8GHz bands have been considered. In Japan, there are many intersections surrounded by light-weight concrete walls at residential area, which have poor visibility. It is important to know the propagation characteristics at these intersections in each frequency band. In this paper, the propagation analyses of 720MHz and 5.8GHz bands at an intersection in residential area are carried out using the FDTD method. The propagation characteristics for both various locations of wave source and wall thickness were investigated. The azimuthal power delay profiles were obtained by using the direction of arrival estimation method.

本研究は，RF-IDシステムを用いた車両の誘導システムの実験において問題であったRF-IDタグの耐久性を埋設型タグにより向上させる。取り扱うUHF 帯のRF-IDタグを埋設するにはドリルで道路に穿孔しスティック状のタグを挿入するのが最も簡易である。ところが，鉛直の埋設したRF-IDタグの交信距離は大きく減衰し，車両誘導の目的に適さない。そこでRF-IDタグの埋設条件を変えることにより，アンテナとの交信距離を実用可能レベルとした。またRF-IDアンテナの設置角度を変えることについても同様に考察を行う。, In our previous study, there are some problems in use of RF-ID system for vehicle navigation. One of them is the improved survival duration of RF-ID tags. We tried to this problem in HF frequency type RF-ID tags with PVC cover. In this paper, we use a UHF frequency buried RF-ID tag for our study. But, if we bury UHF RF-ID tags in vertical hole in an asphalt road with a drill, RF-ID system can communicate only road surface and they are no use for vehicle navigation system. Then, we tried to change a burial method of RF-ID tags. And we also check an effect of setting angle of RF-ID antenna.

A 28-year-old male visited our hospital with complaint of lower abdominal pain, hematuria and urinary urgency. He had inserted a fishing line into the bladder transurethrally for sexual masturbation. The fishing line was made of nylon and was 1.66 mm in diameter. He could not remove it by himself due to pain. Retraction of the line with forceps was impossible ; the intricately entangled line was blocked at the bladder neck. We fragmented the line by a transurethral resection system operated in saline (TURis) and removed it transurethrally. The total length of the fishing line in the bladder reached 464 cm. TURis was useful for fragmentation of this foreign object, which consisted of electro-resistant material and could not be cut by conventional TUR.

Article

57歳男.検診により右腎腫瘍の精査目的にて紹介された.腎腫瘍と共に指摘された左後縦隔腫瘍は切除され, 神経鞘腫であることが判明した.エコーと尿路造影検査により非典型的腎嚢胞性病変が考えられ, 腎部分切除により嚢胞部分を切除し, 組織学的に乳頭状腺腫であると診断した.化学療法は行わず, 退院後, 9年を経ても再発は認めていない.嚢胞と腎細胞癌の合併例があることも知られているが, 本例のような良性腫瘍だけのこともあり, 慎重な対処が求められるものと考察した, An abnormal shadow in the chest of a 57-year-old male was detected during a medical checkup and careful investigation revealed a left posterior mediastinal tumor (neurinoma) and a clearly demarcated homogenous mass with dimensions of 16 x 12 mm and computed tomographic (CT) value of 79 H.U. in the superior pole of the right kidney. The content solution was sticky and blackish-green. Neoplastic degenerations of 8 x 4 and 5 x 5 mm were seen in the cyst. Partial nephrectomy, which included the cystic section, was conducted and papillary adenoma was pathologically diagnosed. Nine years after the operation, the patient is alive and neither relapse nor other abnormalities were detected.

A nitrite test for bacteriuria was compared with routine microscopic examination in 1, 318 clinical urine specimens and with bacterial culture in 132. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and accuracy rate are as follows; for diagnosis of bacteriuria more than 10(4) CFU/ml, 53.4%, 88.6%, 90.4 and 65.2%, respectively; for more than 10(5) CFU/ml, 55.4%, 87.8%, 88.4% and 67.2%, respectively. The positive rate for the nitrite test was 21.4% for bacteriuria of > or = 10(4) CFU/ml in gram positive cocci and 56.9% in gram negative rods. False negative results were obtained from gram positive cocci without nitrate reductive activity or from patients with acute uncomplicated cystitis because of insufficient incubation time in urinary tract. However, this simple test is valuable in the detection of bacteriuria in clinical practice with high specificity.

根治的腎摘除術を施行し, 病理組織学的に腎細胞癌と診断した50例を対象として, リンパ球浸潤を含む病理組織像と予後に関する検討を行った. 1)腎細胞癌の予後規定因子として腫瘍径, 発育様式, 腎周囲脂肪織浸潤, リンパ節転移及び遠隔転移, 静脈浸潤, 異型度が考えられた. 2)腫瘍内及び周囲のリンパ球浸潤について検討すると明らかに浸潤がみられる症例は, 浸潤がみられない症例に比べ予後が良好な傾向を認めた.腫瘍内及び周囲のリンパ球浸潤は, 良好な予後因子となる可能性が示唆された. 3)原発腫瘍に比べ静脈浸潤は28例中3例, 転移巣は9例中6例で異型度の悪化が認められたが, 予後との関係は明らかではなかった, We compared the prognosis with the histopathological findings including intravenous invasion and lymphocytic infiltration inside or adjacent to the primary tumor in 50 renal cell carcinoma patients who underwent radical nephrectomy. We compared the primary tumor to intravenous invasion or metastases in histopathological findings. One-, three- and five-year survival rates for all patients were 91.7, 71.5 and 60.7%, respectively. Significant prognostic factors were tumor size, growth pattern, invasion of fat tissue into peripheral kidneys lymph nodes, distant metastases, intravenous invasion and tumor grade, especially lymph nodes and distant metastases (P < 0.001). Degree of lymphocytic infiltration inside or adjacent to primary tumor was divided into three groups. Five-year survival rates were 86.2% of the patients (n = 15) with apparent lymphocytic infiltration and 48.8% of the patients (n = 18) had few infiltrated lymphocytes. The patients with apparent lymphocytic infiltration showed a trend of better prognosis compared to the patients with few infiltrated lymphocytes (P < 0.1). Tumor grade was higher in 3 of the 28 patients with intravenous invasion and 6 of the 9 patients with distant metastases than in those with primary tumors. However, there was no significant correlation between prognosis and malignant potential of intravenous invasion or distant metastases.

Duplicated uterus associated with unilateral imperforate vagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis is a very rare anomaly. We report a case of a 10-month-old female infant presenting with pus discharge from vagina, and discussed the embryologic and clinical features relevant to this interesting disease complex with a review of the past literature. Echographic and CT examinations demonstrated a right-sided cystic pelvic mass. IVP revealed a left slight hydronephrosis and non-visualizing right kidney. No right ureteral orifice was found at cystoscopy. Under anesthesia the mass and pus was aspirated. Under the diagnosis of Gartner's cystic duct and a right renal agenesis or dysplasia with or without ectopic ureter, we subsequently performed laparotomy. Surgical exploration revealed a duplicated uterus with a normal ovary, and the mass was an imperforate right-sided vagina which communicated through the uterus. The diagnosis was changed to a double uterus with right-sided imperforate vagina, then the vaginal septum was excised. The post-operative course was uneventful, and pus discharge and the left hydronephrosis have disappeared.

63歳男.膀胱腫瘍の為膀胱全摘除術及び回腸導管造設術を施行され, 術後3ヵ月毎に経過観察を受けていたが, 術後13年目の超音波検査で両側水腎症を指摘され, レノグラムで両側の排泄遅延を認め, 検査及び治療目的で入院となった.画像所見より導管狭窄と診断され, 24Fr拡張バルーンカテーテル及び12Frバルーンカテーテルを用いて導管狭窄拡張術を施行した.カテーテル抜去後順行性造影では導管遠位部まで描出された.術後3年経過現在, 腎盂拡張は認めず, レノグラムでも両腎とも排泄は良好である, A 63-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with the complaint of bilateral hydronephroses. Total cystectomy and ileal conduit construction were performed because of bladder tumor (TCC, G2, pT2N0M0) in 1985. The patient remained asymptomatic, but bilateral hydronephroses was observed by ultrasonography in 1997. DTPA renogram showed the delayed excretion. Conduitgraphy and antegrade pyelography revealed that the conduit was narrow like a pinhole at 2 cm distal region from the anastomotic site of the urinary duct. The stenotic region was inflated by a 24 Fr inflation-balloon-catheter. Chronic inflammation, which was thought to be caused by infection, was detected at the stenotic conduit by biopsy. Hydronephroses disappeared after the operation and the postoperative course was uneventful.

全国多施設の共同研究により, 腎細胞癌に対するn-TNFとn-IFN-αの併用療法による有効性と安全性を検討した.1)腎細胞癌31例においてPRが4例認められ奏効率は12.9%であった.IFN-αが前治療に使用された症例にも有効例が認められたことより, 本併用療法の有用性が示唆された.2)副作用は(35例/36例)に認められ, おもな自他覚的副作用は発熱72.2%, 悪寒・戦慄69.4%, 食欲不振22.2%, 全身倦怠感16.7%であり, おもな臨床検査値異常は白血球減少47.2%, 血小板減少22.2%, GOT上昇16.7%, GPT上昇13.9%であった.ほとんどの症例が解熱剤等の処置あるいは無処置で投与継続可能であった.本併用療法による副作用の増強はほとんどなかった, The combination therapy with natural type human tumor necrosis factor (n-TNF; MHR-24) and human lymphoblastoid interferon-alpha (n-IFN-alpha; MOR-22) was investigated for antitumor effect against renal cell carcinoma in a multiclinic cooperative study throughout Japan. The "Response criteria of Japan Society for Cancer Therapy" were followed for the handling of subjects and the evaluation of antitumor effect. MHR-24 was administered at a daily dosage of 5, 000-10, 000 JRU by intravenous drip and MOR-22 at a dosage of 5, 000, 000 IU daily was administered intramuscularly at the same time. Both drugs were administered for 4 weeks or longer. A total of 36 patients were enrolled as subjects in the study. None of them were classified as ineligible. Five patients, were classified as imperfectly evaluable, and 31, as evaluable for the results of treatment. The responses in the evaluable patients were partial response (PR) in 4 patients, minor response (MR) in 3 patients, no change (NC) in 14 patients and progressive disease (PD) in 10 patients, with a response rate of 12.9%. Adverse reactions to the therapy were investigated in all 36 patients. The frequent subjective and objective reactions that occurred were fever, rigors and shivering, anorexia, and generalized malaise, and the frequent abnormal laboratory findings were leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, elevation of GOT, and elevation of GPT.

Scrotal calcification is a rare complication of childhood hydrocele testis. Herein, a 12-year-old boy who suffered from left hydrocele testis with intrascrotal calcification is reported. The boy had experienced scrotal pain about 6 months prior to the first visit to our hospital, and gradually noted scrotal swelling. Physical examination revealed left scrotal enlargement with transillumination. Sonographic examination revealed a left hydrocele testis, and a 1.5 cm discrete focus of calcification was found immediate cranio-lateral to the left testis, contour, size and consistency of which were palpated normally. In left hydrocelectomy, no appendix epididymidis was found. A smooth, white, spherical, firm body connecting to the head of the epididymidis was removed. A microscopic examination revealed multiple layers of collagenous tissue with the necrotic tissue in the core. We concluded that this case presented with hydrocele testis secondary to a growing calcification reacting to the infarction due to the repeated torsion of the appendix epididymidis.

Dibekacin (DKB) was administered to patients with complicated urinary tract infections without any indwelling catheter to evaluate objectively and comparatively the efficacy, safety and usefulness of intravenous drip infusion once daily and twice daily in a well-controlled study. A 50 mg dose of DKB was administered twice a day to group A, and a 100 mg dose was given once a day to group B. In both groups the drug was given by 1-hr i.v. infusion for 5 consecutive days. Drug efficacy was evaluated in 72 (group A: 36, group B: 36) of the 83 patients treated, and the safety was evaluated on 81 patients (group A: 41, group B: 40). There were no significant differences in the background characteristics between the two groups. The overall clinical efficacy judged by the Committee for Evaluation of Clinical Efficacy was "excellent" in 14% and "moderate" in 50% of group A, and "excellent" in 17% and "moderate" in 64% of group B, the efficacy being higher for group B than group A, but the difference was not statistically significant. The overall drug efficacy rate for each type of infection excluding group 2, was slightly higher in group B, but this difference was not significant either. The overall clinical efficacy for each site of infection, was higher for group B but the differences were not significant. The overall clinical efficacy as judged by the attending physicians was "excellent" in 17% and "moderate" in 58% of group A, and "excellent" in 25% and "moderate" in 61% of group B. The intergroup difference was thus smaller than that judged by the Committee. The elimination rates against bacteriuria were 58% for both groups A and B, and the decrease rates including "cleared" were 42% against pyuria for both groups A and B. Bacteriological evaluation, showed that there was no significant difference in the eradication rates, between group A (65%) and group B (70%). But the eradication rate for gram-positive bacteria was 40% in group A and 81% in group B, there being a significant difference (P less than 0.05) between them. The evaluation of usefulness gave 44% and 53% "satisfactory" rates, respectively, for groups A and B. The results for the "average score" were also the same in both groups. There were no side effects in any of the 81 patients examined. Abnormal laboratory test values attributed to the drug were seen only in 3 and 2 patients in groups A and B, respectively, there being no difference between the groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Carcinoma of urachus accompanied with calcification is rarely encountered. A 37-year-old man presented with the complaint of mucus discharge on voiding. A plain X-ray film of his abdomen showed the presence of calcification at the urinary bladder. A hemispheric tumor at the top of the urinary bladder was seen on cystoscopic examination. The results of urine cytology and cold-punch biopsy supported the diagnosis; carcinoma of urachus. En bloc segmental resection was performed. Histopathologically, the tumor was composed of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma producing mucus. Now, he is alive and has no evidence of recurrence. This is the 9th report on carcinoma of urachus with calcification in the Japanese literature.

Evaluation of AC-PC or 6-(aminocyclohexane carboxamide) penicillanic acid has been done in the laboratory and clinically. By oral administration of single dose of 250 mg, peak blood level of 10 γ/ml was attained at 30 minutes after administration which showed rapid absorption of the drug in the alimentary tract. About 40 % of the amount taken was excreted in urine within 2 hours with peak level of 2, 000 γ/ml. Minimal inhibitory concentration of AC-PC was much higher against Gram-negative rod bacteria than that of ampicillin or carbenicillin. However, AC-PC has been effective in the treatment of primary acute infections of the urinary tract. The pathogens were mostly E. coli strains. The effectiveness of this drug in the treatment of simple urinary infections might be due to high drug level in urine which exceeds minimal inhibitory concentration against the pathogens.

The good results obtained in accelerating the n atural discharge of ureteroliths lodged in the lower portion of the ureter through the administration of Methocarbamol were reported by us in an earlier clinical study. Based on basic pharmacological experiments, a further study was carried out which showed considerably interesting results on effectiveness of Methocarbamol on functional disorders of the bladder, particularly on irritable bladder in which the bladder reflex threshold is abnormally low. Our findings are summarized in this repor

Nitrofurantoin, composed by Dodd and Stillman in 1944 is most widely used for various urological infections. However, side effects of this drug, especially nausea, vomiting and other gastrointestinal disturbances can not be overlooked when given in large dose. Occurrence of these untoward effects in remarkable percentage of patients was reported by Mintzer, Hasen and Carroll. In this paper, th e effectiveness and the side effects were examined by giving 50 mg enterocoated tablets of Furadantin. Fifty two cases of urinary tract infections were treated with oral administration of 200 mg per day for adult. Of 52 cases, 73.1 % was well controlled and clinica l ly cured, while the side effects were observed in only 12.3 % (nausea 6, vomiting 1 and fever 1 : 8 cases). These results indicate that this method of administration reduce d the side effects by using 100 mg enterocoated tablets in a daily dose of 400 mg. To confirm the effectiveness, the average urinary c oncentration of Furadantin after oral administration of 50 mg tablet was measured on three normal adults. It was found that the urine level has kept above 60 mcg/ml for 6 hours. This level appeared to suppress most agents in u rine of the urinary tract infection, because it was demonstrated that the minimal inhibitory ccncentration of this drug was less than 50 mcg/ml on 181 strains cultured from various urological infections in our division. Moreover this concentration effected in similar manner to almost all of 22 multiresistant gram-negative strains which had been cultured from patients.