Search

Taxonomic classification of whole eukaryotes using conserved proteins or nucleotide sequences that are used as criteria looks convenient and easy. However, these methods may not be reliable to long evolutionary history if their function is developed or degenerated in their life history. The sequence-based classification methods depending on the functional conservation may cause unknown bias. In this study, we propose novel classification using intron positions in a gene, which are not related to function. Intron positions of highly conserved ribosomal protein RPS13 gene were selected as novel criteria for the classification of whole eukaryotes from lower unicellular amoeba, algae, and flagellates to plants and animals. RPS13 gene encodes 151 amino acids and possesses 453 bp exon sequence in many eukaryotic organisms. The intron positions are determined based on their coding exon sequences, in which all the introns are designated by the positions from the first nucleotide of the start codon and the position numbers are attached with ‘i’ for intron indication. For example, human RPS13 gene contains introns at the positions of 24i, 73i, 152i, 322i, and 423i sites on the coding sequence. Interestingly, all the Deuterostomia animals including starfish, leech, and octopus showed the same intron positions to human. Similarly, all the land plants showed 24i, 97i, 236i, and 423i positions. In lower unicellular eukaryotes, which showed nonintron or variety of positions, only amoeba Lenisia limosa has the intron position of 152i site and Chlorophyta Pedinophyceae sp. has single 97i position, suggesting that they may be the ancestral organisms of animals and plants, respectively. As a conclusion, intron positions of RPS13 gene can be used as a guide for the taxonomic classification of eukaryotic organisms

レトリックと文法

The purpose of this study is to clarify the effectiveness of the collaborative study between music, art, and English in fostering the ability of self expression. We intentionally related these three subjects by setting up improvisational, creative, and communicative activities in classes. Two collaborative lesson plans were conducted with the aim of getting closer to the essence of self expression by expressing themselves in different ways. According to the questionnaires, these lessons increased their abilities to express themselves Some of the students tried to grasp their characteristics more deeply through the process of thinking abstractly. However, they had little time to acquire basic skills and the limited ways of expressing themselves, so it was difficult for some of them to express themselves as they wanted to. It seemed that our lessons were effective to the students when they got basic knowledge and skills and these students tried to make full use of their knowledge and skills. In contrast, there were few students who tried to get knowledge and skills actively to the goal of developing this capacity for self expression. In addition, many students did not reach the point of expressing themselves to others in mind. The result shows that students were able to have opportunities to approach the essence of the music and art classes, which is to keep questioning how we should be and how we should live our lives. On the other hand, there are still issues to be solved, which are caused by the restricted learning environment and the instructional planning.

本研究では，小学校音楽科における打楽器を用いて音楽づくりを工夫する活動を対象とし，2つの問いを設定した。1つ目は，児童らの「思考力，判断力，表現力等」がじゅうぶんに働いていないと考えられるグループに，教師はどのように介入すべきなのか，2つ目は，「音楽表現の工夫」のプロセスに位置付く「思考力，判断力，表現力等」をどう見取るのか，ということである。これらを検討するため，筆者は，小学校第1学年での授業を実践し，グループで展開されていた言語活動を分析した。その結果，児童が次なる試行へと繋げられるような働きかけをすることが効果的であること，言葉以外にも，音や音楽，体などによる表現に着目し，それらがコミュニケーションの中でどのような役割を果たしているのかに着目することによって，彼らの「思考力，判断力，表現力等」をある程度見取ることができることが明らかになった。, Who cannot express oneself in words? How can a teacher assess children’s ability to ‘ability to think, make judgements, and express themselves,’ particularly those who are unable to express themselves verbally? To investigate these questions, the author practiced a first-grade class of elementary school and analyzed the language activities that were being conducted in groups. It was found that children can be effectively encouraged to connect to the next trial. To a certain extent, it is possible to observe children’s ‘ability to think, make judgements, and express themselves’ by focusing on the role of expression in addition to sound, music, and the body movement apart from words, and also by analyzing their role in communication. It became clear that it is possible to gain some insight into their ‘ability to think, to make judgments, and to express themselves.’

(スポーツの社会科学的研究のこれまでとこれから = The Past and Future of Social Scientific Research on Sport), Ⅱ．個別研究

情報メディアセンターでは、2017年度より、学生を対象としたノートPC をはじめ、映像収録機器や、それらの周辺機器の貸出サービスを提供している。本稿では、2022年度のAIM Commonsの貸出サービスについて、その活動報告を述べる。

情報メディアセンターでは，ITに特化した学習用の施設及びそれに付帯するサービスとしてAIM Commonsを運用している．ノートPCや撮影・編集機器の貸出，(授業収録)及び情報スキルのサポートを行っているが，学生の発展的な学びを支援する一環として，2022年度より学生スタッフ主体のワークショップを開催した．本稿では，その運用の報告をする．

This study clarifies how the children’s radio program “Shokokumin no Jikan” （Hours for the Rising Generation） in the Showa period promoted the war effort in line with national policy. The historical materials in this investigation are program textbook issues from May 1941 to May 1942 and eight scripts of radio dramas for children produced between July 1941 and July 1945. Investigation of these materials found the following. First, from January 1941, the time of its predecessor, “Kodomo no Jikan,” “Shokokumin no Jikan” produced programs in line with the new government regime, and the hours for children’s entertainment “Kodomo no Jikan” had shifted to hours for governmental propaganda. Second, although the last issue of “Radio Shokokumin,” the program textbook of “Shokokumin no Jikan,” was unclear in preceding studies, the May 1942 issue was confirmed as the last. Third, while the two scripts from the first half of “Shokokumin no Jikan” depicted children’s lives based on home and school, the six scripts produced from October 1944 to July 1945 depicted their lives away from their parents in evacuation centers or bases for children’s production activities, showing that even children were expected to devote their lifetime and spirit to total war.

This paper examines the self-immolation of Daegakguksa Uicheon 大覺國師 義天. The first section illuminates the fact that Uichen's self-immolation was a manifestation of filial piety. The second section focuses on the intellectual exchange between Yuanzhao (元照) and Uicheon. Among the many monks who accompanied Uicheon during his travel to Northern Song and directly interacted with him, Yuanzhao was one of those who significantly influenced him. The connection between The Brahmajala Sutra 梵網經 and The Yulanpen Sutra 盂蘭盆經 with filial piety as the medium in Uicheon's thought illustrates Yuanzhao's influence on him. The connection between The Brahmajala Sutra, which propagated self-immolation, and The Yulanpen Sutra with filial piety, qualitatively changed the motivation for Uicheon's burning offerings from seeking Buddhism to the practice of filial piety. Section 3 shows that during the reign of King Sukjong 肅宗 (r. 1095-1105), Uicheon's self-immolation became part of the state rituals attended by Sukjong. This would mean that Uicheon's self-immolation, which was linked to the concept of filial piety, became a device to demonstrate the legitimacy of Sukjong's reign to his subjects. Conventional research on the self-immolation has focused on case studies in China and Japan, but not on the Korean peninsula. Therefore, this study will be an indispensable basic work to investigate the spread and acceptance of the self-immolation, in which Chinese characters were used.

In order to clarify educational issues in special needs classes and the competencies required of the teachers of those classes, we conducted a questionnaire survey of elementary school teachers in charge of special needs classes. In this survey, we collected basic data such as the number of children enrolled and their types of disabilities; the teacherʼs job title, total years of teaching experience, and years of teaching experience in special needs classes; whether or not the teacher has a license for special needs instruction, and whether or not the teacher is in charge of a special needs education coordinator; as well as items related to teaching special needs classes. Of 149 teachers in charge of special needs classes at elementary schools in Saga City, 65 responded to the survey. According to the results of the questionnaire, the most significant ”difficulty” involved in teaching special needs classes is ” teaching children with different conditions and goals at the same time,” with approximately 63% of respondents indicating that it is ”very difficult.

研究論文, Original article, 背景：統合失調症患者の就労支援に関心が高まっている．特に認知改善療法（CRT）と他の訓練の併用は有効な支援手段と考えられている．本研究では，社会的認知の改善を目的としたCRT である社会的認知訓練（SCIT）と職業準備訓練（VPT）を組み合わせることで、介入効果を高める効果を検証することを目的とした。研究方法：参加者は統合失調症と診断された患者である．参加者を3 群に分類した．3 群は（1）SCIT ＋ VPT 群，（2）SCIT 群，（3）対照群の3 群に分けられた．（1）（2）ではプログラムを週1回実施した．介入効果は，介入前後，介入終了8 週間後に仕事関連スキル，社会的認知機能，神経認知機能，精神症状により測定された．結果：SCIT+VPT 群の心の理論（ToM）には交互作用が観察された．しかし，SCIT+VPT 群の介入終了8 週間後の測定では，ToM に対する介入効果の継続性は観察されなかった。考察：3 群間の比較からSCIT とVPT を併用することでCRT 介入の効果が高まる可能性が明らかになった。この知見は，CRT と他のリハビリテーションプログラムを組み合わせることでその効果が高まるというこれまでの先行研究を裏付けるものであった．しかし，CRT とVPT を併用する介入の継続的な効果は確認できず，統合失調症患者の社会的認知機能の改善を就労関連スキルに般化する方法の検討が今後の課題といえる．, Background： There is increasing interest in employment support for schizophrenia patients. Combining cognitive remediation training (CRT) with employment support programs is believed to be an especially effective means of assistance. The purpose of this study was to verify whether combining social cognition and interaction training (SCIT) and vocational preparation training (VPT), two kinds of CRT approaches aimed at improving social cognition, could lead to enhanced intervention effects.Methods：Participants were patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. They were divided into three groups: (1) SCIT + VPT, (2) SCIT only, and (3) control, based on measurements taken prior to the intervention. In (1) (2) program were implemented once per week. Intervention effects were measured through work-related skills, social cognitive function, neurocognitive function, and mental symptoms.Results：Interaction was observed in theory of mind (ToM) of SCIT + VPT group．A significant difference in ToM was identified between the SCIT + VPT group and the control group. However, persistent intervention effects on ToM in the SCIT + VPT group were not observed in measurements taken 8 weeks after the intervention ended.Disscussions：Comparisons between the three groups demonstrated that combining SCIT and VPT might increase the efficacy of CRT interventions. This corroborates previous research findings that combining CRT with other rehabilitation programs enhances its efficacy. However, the intervention was not observed to have persistent effects, raising questions about methods to generalize patients’ improved social cognitive function to employment-related skills, which could be a topic for future study.

本研究の目的は，患者主導型がんサロンに参加しているがん患者の会話を基に話題を抽出し類型化することにより，在宅で生活するがん患者の悩みや日常の生活の課題を明らかとすることにある。参与観察の結果，がん患者の話題は話題件数105件，種類数84種となった。新たな類型化の分析方法によりがん患者の話題の類型化は，42中分類の類型を得た。日本対がん協会（2016）などの定義の11大分類に，新たに3大分類を追加，再構成することで14大分類の類型を得た。新たな3大分類「肯定的な心情」「同病者との交流」「地域における同病者同士の配慮」は，専門職が行う相談業務の11大分類にはなかったことから患者主導型がんサロンの特徴や効果を示した。またがん患者の話題は, 同病者同士だからこそ話せる生活者としての悩みや日常生活の吐露が観察された。患者主導型がんサロンには専門職のインフォームド・コンセントに基づいた医療や社会資源の情報では補うことができない，がんという経験を通し，病気とともに歩むための生活上の創意工夫など，同病者同士の経験による知の共有と蓄積の活用という同病者支援ならではの支援機能が示唆された。

本報告は，青山学院大学における新入生の必修科目である情報スキルIの単位を修得するために履修する必要のあるIT講習会について，その概要を述べると共に2022年度の履修状況の提示および考察を行い，今後の方向性について言及する．

要旨 本研究は、1971 年の「『国民教育制度』計画」（NESP) の背景解明の一端として、1960 年代のネパールにおける国民教育制度整備構想について、「国家教育審議会」(ARNEC) 報告書における初等中等教育令を地方教育行政制度の整備に留意しつつ読み解き、再検討することを目的とする。ネパールの教育行政制度の変遷について、1951 年から1971 年は一般に「地方分権化傾向の時代」と表される。しかし、1960 年代初めの教育法規や教育計画の内容に鑑みれば、同国の地方教育行政制度の変遷についてより複雑な側面を確認することができる。すなわち、初等中等教育令は、学校委員会および校長の権限や職務を明確化することで、地方教育における彼らに一定の自律性を確保している。しかし、同法規ならびに教育法に定められる教育行政制度は、総体としては中央集権化されたピラミッド型組織である。こうした1960 年代の教育法規や教育計画に従って整備された教育行政制度は、1971 年以後における教育の高度な中央集権化の礎になったと考えられる。, As part of the clarification of the background of the National Education System Plan (NESP) in 1971, the purpose of this study is to interpret and reconsider the plans for the development of the national education system in Nepal in the 1960s, while paying attention to the development of the local educational administration system in the Primary and Secondary education Code. The period from 1951 to 1971 is generally referred to as the "tendency of decentralization" in regards to the changes in Nepal's educational administration system. However, a closer look at the educational laws and plans of the early 1960s reveals more complex aspects of the changes in the country's local educational administration system. In other words, the Primary and Secondary Education Code clarifies the authority and duties of school managing committees and principals, ensuring them a certain degree of autonomy in local education. However, the education administration system stipulated in this Code and the Education Act is, as a whole, a centralized pyramid-shaped organization. The educational administrative system developed according to the educational laws and educational plans of the 1960s is considered to have been the foundation for the highly centralized education since 1971.

要旨 2017年（平成29年）告示の幼稚園教育要領では，情報機器を幼児の直接的な体験との関連を考慮して活用することが示されている。プログラミング教育に関する研究は，幼児段階を含む先行研究において，多岐にわたる研究が報告されている。これらの先行研究から，プログラミング活動は，幼児期に於いては学校段階との接続を図り，幼児期の発達段階にふさわしい直接的な体験を重視する造形との関連を図ることが有効であると考えた。また，保育現場の現状から，幼児期に於ける「プログラミング的思考」を指導できる保育者の養成に課題があることが分かった。そのため，造形との関連を図ったプログラミング活動や教員養成校でのプログラム開発の検討に取り組むこととした。本研究は，その第一段階として，幼児を対象にしたプログラミング教育と造形活動を関連させて実践しているNPO法人と保育施設を対象に，導入の目的と実態についてインタビュー調査を行い，造形活動とプログラミング活動との関連を調査して分析し，考察した。, The Guidelines for Kindergarten Education announced in 2017 indicate that information devices should be used in consideration of their relationship with direct experiences for young children. In previous research on programming education, including research on the early childhood stage, a wide range of studies have been reported, including surveys of the awareness of teachers and parents, research on teaching materials for young children, and practices related to logical thinking and programming during developmental stages. Based on these previous studies, we considered that it would be effective to connect programming activities in early childhood to the school stage and to relate them to modeling activities that emphasize direct experiences appropriate to the developmental stage of young children. From the current situation in the field of childcare, it was found that there is a problem in the training of teachers who can teach “ programmatic thinking” in the early childhood stage. To this end, we decided to study the development of programming activities that are related to modeling activities and programming at teacher training schools. As a first step, we conducted an interview survey of one NPO and a child-care facilities that are practicing programming education for young children in relation to modeling activities. Then we investigated the purpose of introducing practice and its actual status, and after analyzing them, considered the relationship between modeling and programming activities.

要旨 目的：管理栄養士・栄養士（以下，RD 等）の職場は，対人・フードサービスが含まれ，COVID-19 発生リスクが高い環境下である可能性が高い。本研究では，コロナ禍におけるRD 等の職場の現状を明らかにすることを目的とした調査研究結果を報告する。方法：2021 年10 ～ 12 月に典型的な職場で働くRD 等が選択され，コロナ対策に関する質問を含む自記式質問票に回答した。結果：72 人の回答者のうち，70% 以上が「不安」，65% が「情報不足」，51% が「人員不足」を感じていた。給食施設4 分野間では，特に高齢者施設では人員不足を感じている者が多く，有意差がみられた。コロナ対応情報は，医療90％，高齢者施設80％の参加者から得られ，コロナ禍における食事観察・コミュニケーションの機会の減少が報告された。さらに，回答者の約40％は，COVID-19 患者がいる職場での具体例を知りたいことがわかった。結論：緊急時に，少数人員で働くRD 等のプレッシャーを軽減できるサポートシステムを構築することが望ましい。, Objectives: Registered Dietitians’(RD) and Dietitiansʼ workplace involve interpersonal and food services for a wide range of people. Such workplaces can be high-risk environments for COVID-19 outbreaks. Herein, we report the results of a case study conducted to clarify the current state of the RD/Dietitians’ workplace during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Participants working at typical workplaces between October and December 2021 were selected. They responded to a self-administered questionnaire, which included questions on workplace measures adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: More than 70% of the 72 respondents felt some anxiety about COVID-19 infection in their workplace, 65% felt a lack of information, and 51% felt a lack of personnel. Especially in the field of welfare for the elderly, many RD feel that there is a shortage of personnel, and there is a significant difference among the four fields that have food service facilities. The information on the extent of measures during the COVID-19 pandemic was obtained from participants in the medical (90%) and the welfare fields (80%). We found that during the COVID-19 pandemic, the opportunities for meal observation in patients and communication, decreased. In addition, approximately 40% of the respondents answered that they would like further details on the specific measures adopted at the workplace with COVID-19 patients. Conclusion: It is desirable to build a support system that can reduce the pressure on RD/Dietitians working in a place with few employees or one person in case of an emergency.

現在の学校には、「障害者の権利に関する条約」に掲げられている教育の理念の実現に向けた合理的配慮への対応が求められている。このことは、「令和の日本型教育」を実現させていくうえでも不可欠である。しかし、各教科の授業と比べると、教科外の教育活動（特別活動等）では、特別な支援が必要な児童生徒への教育支援の在り方が十分ではない。そこで本論文では、特別支援学校における合理的配慮を取り入れた教育方法を対象とし、特別支援学校の実践事例を検討することで、通常級においても援用可能な教育方法について分析、考察を行う。それを踏まえ、すべての児童生徒の発達を促進させる特別支援教育の視点を生かした教育方法について論じる。

After a part of stone walls was discovered during the construction of Takanawa Gateway station in 2019, the Takanawa Chikutei (embankment) was unearthed by the excavation in 2020. When the first Japanese railway was constructed at the beginning of the Meiji era, most of the materials necessary for the construction were imported from England, but stones and sediment for the foundation of bridges and embankments are considered to have been supplied within Japan. To understand the history of Japanese construction work, it is interesting to compare the composition of the joint material used at Takanawa Chikutei with that of joint materials made with conventional technology, and with artificial stones developed later in the Meiji era. In order to obtain indirect evidence of the use of slaked lime mixture and to calculate its composition ratio, the joint materials sampled from Takanawa Chikutei were analyzed by X-ray diffraction analysis and X-ray fluorescence analysis. As a result of the X-ray diffraction analysis, calcite was identified in 9 of 14 samples, providing the indirect evidence of the use of slaked lime mixture in the joint materials at Takanawa Chikutei. The composition ratio obtained by X-ray fluorescence analysis indicates that the content ratio of slaked lime in the joint materials at Takanawa Chikutei might be higher than that of artificial stones developed later in the Meiji era.

本学工学部2年生を対象に開講されている「地域社会学」は、学生が山陽小野田市内でフィールドワークを行い（地域に出て調査を行い）、自分が集めたデータを統計的に分析し、課題の解決方法を考える授業である。2021年度は山陽オートレース場、きららガラス未来館、サビエル高等学校、いきいき百歳体操、川上地域でフィールドワークを行い、自らが収集したデータを統計的に分析し、課題の解決方法をフィールドワーク先に提案した。

Recently, research on solving regional problems through industry-academia-government collaboration has been promoted in Sanyo-Onoda city area. As part of this research, through a proposal from Mr. Nakamura of West Japan Jibie Farm, a study on "Countermeasures against wildlife damage using drones and ICT," was started from April 2020. Thetemporal goal of the research was defined to be "ecological survey of wild boars utilizing ICT", i.e. (1) survey of traces ofwild boar inhabitation by actually exploring the mountain area, (2) the development of remote observation technology of wild boars at Wallows and Beast Roads discovered by reconnaissance, and (3) the development of infrared photography technology during midnight by drone in open areas. The results of research can be summarized as follows. (1) A total of about 17 km was explored in the back mountains of the Kataobata and Imojiya area, two Wallows and one Beast Roads were found, and a remote observation camera was set up. (2) We developed an extremely power-saving system that can monitor the nighttime behavior of wild boars over a wide area in deep mountainous areas where it is difficult to access frequently. The system combines a 2.4GHz wireless terminal (Twelite), an infrared sensor for detecting wild boars, an LPWA wireless network, and a solar cell. (3) A total of 146 night-behavior wild boars were confirmed. It was revealed that wild boars act relatively early from 19:00 to 23:00, and that deers have begun to advance into the Asa area (10 cases). (4) The night photography of wild boar by drone was successful for the first time at 21:00 on March 19, 2021. Since it was assumed that the fallow reed bed in the Kataobata area was a roost of wild boars, we developed an automatic surveillance recipe and patrolled at night.