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A 75-year-old man with a history of chronic kidney disease (CKD) visited our emergency room after the sudden onset of severe right lower abdominal pain and nausea. Computed tomography (CT) showed right perirenal hematoma and renal tumor, which was diagnosed as a spontaneous rupture of the right renal tumor. It was difficult to correctly diagnose the tumor as benign or malignant with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Because of CKD, a shunt was implanted, and dynamic enhanced CT was performed. Dynamic enhanced CT showed a slightly enhanced area of the tumor, and it was diagnosed as renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Radical nephrectomy was performed, and he has not experienced recurrence within 7 months after the surgery. Pathological diagnosis was papillary renal carcinoma. Spontaneous renal hemorrhage is relatively uncommon, but the most common cause of spontaneous renal hemorrhage is renal cell carcinoma (26.1%). CT is useful for diagnosis, but it is not highly accurate. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss surgical indication carefully.

第18回宇宙科学シンポジウム (2018年1月9日-10日. 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所(JAXA)(ISAS)相模原キャンパス), 相模原市, 神奈川県, 18th Space Science Symposium (January 9-10, 2018. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(JAXA)(ISAS)Sagamihara Campus), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan, 資料番号: SA6000118208, レポート番号: P-175

第17回宇宙科学シンポジウム (2017年1月5日-6日. 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所(JAXA)(ISAS)相模原キャンパス), 相模原市, 神奈川県, 17th Space Science Symposium (January 5-6, 2017. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(JAXA)(ISAS)Sagamihara Campus), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan, 資料番号: SA6000060208, レポート番号: P-167

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application/pdf, 【Abstract】 In this article (number48) are particularly argued the most important theories of Kant's aesthetic, above all, the ocntents of this theories with each detail. That is to say,some of the most essential problems will be the next questions ; precisely, what are the beauties of arts for Kant at all? and moreover, what are signified these assertions (A,B,・・・sind schöm.) for Kant? what are the differences between the natural beauty and the artficial beauty for Kant ? what are the differences between the pure (free) beauty and the beauty of design at all? How are the mental powers of human beings, namely the imagination and intelligence in his mind concerned with each other in the face of sensible and beautiful figures? and also how do they (imagination and intelligence) function to produce the beauty in his mind? and so on.Finally, the most important issue about Kant's common sense follows after those considerations. Thus, thetheory of common sense(sensus communis) comes from the origin of human beings in theworld. From that time on, it's theory has taken an active and very important part in the Wesern philosophical thoughts. Considering into the decision about the beauty in the tasteful judgment, Kant based this theory of common sense on it' decision as having public validity (die Gemeingültigkeit). In other words, for Kant this theory of common sense designates "the way of extended thought".

application/pdf, 【Abstract】 This paper will examine Arts in the time of being able to reproduce things technologically, through the arguments in the books writen by Walter Benjamin.The Content of the arguments will relate to so-called "Anti-Aura" arts which evolved along side the big industrial processes in the latter half of the nine-teenth century. This term, "Anti-Aura" arts is indirectly used in the Benjamin's book and can be explained as "Arts in the time of reproductive technology". This term specifically characterizes the decades when the traditional arts were falling off in popularity, a historical situation which is termed, "the fall of Aura". This paper will discuss how technologically driven reproductive arts, those which contributed to the stagnation of the traditional arts such as film and photography, now widely influence the modern fine arts, as said modern fine arts always at least nominally include and artifical, technological means of reproduction. The most important among the several opinions regarding the film-technological relation is that the film has a film technological relation, which isi called, "the material arrangement of the things". This particular view-point promotes Anti-Aura in film. Thus, the people we see on screen are not people but materialistic reproductions of themselves. So the film has the excellent representation of materialistic descriptions just because of changing the human subjects, which have been authorized in every part of human activities, into the material objects. On these grounds, modern arts are reconstucting the new relationships between human activities, and a variety of other things.

application/pdf, 【Abstract】 In this paper the third book, Critique of Judgment of Kant, which Kant wrote ato agg 66 (1790) in his later years, is treated based on several view-points. First of all, only mental powers of human beings (especially,these are normal judgment and reflective judgment ) and their several functions are mainly argued in it. Above all, this argument deals with the reflective judgment, strictly in detail with the functions for this judgment to subsume. Thus when only empirically special case are given to this judgment, always unchangeable principles in nature are eagerly searched for by this judgment.By means of these functions to this kind of judgment, aesthetic judgment ( A ist schön ) is approved for all the people. And besides here mentioned principles are not even based on the laws of nature for Kant's natural philosophy, much less the laws of freedom for his moral philosophy. It assigns this principle the mere subjective principles ( die Zweckmäßkeit ) based on a certain purpose ( a good ). After this paper ( number 47 ) treated the above mentioned , in the next paper ( number 48 ) the aesthetic contents will be discussed with each details.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for approximately 2% of all cancer cases worldwide. Metastatic disease is often present at the time of diagnosis of RCC and its poor response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy causes poor prognosis. Immunotherapy is relatively effective for RCC, but the response rate is approximately 15-20%. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches are necessary for these patients with metastatic RCC. Recently, the mechanisms responsible for the growth of RCC have been clarified, and molecular targeted therapy has been developed. In this paper, we review the new molecular targeted therapeutic agents effective for RCC.

第16回宇宙科学シンポジウム (2016年1月6日-7日. 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所(JAXA)(ISAS)相模原キャンパス), 相模原市, 神奈川県, 16th Space Science Symposium (January 6-7, 2016. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(JAXA)(ISAS)Sagamihara Campus), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan, 著者人数: 19名, 資料番号: SA6000046060, レポート番号: P-061

16世紀から19世紀にわたり、西欧諸国に強大な封建制度が敷かれ、幾多の絶対王朝が君臨した。その中でオランダは16世紀に入り商人を中心に民主的政治を強め、市民が自治平等の立場で協力しあい、海面下を干拓し国土開発に努めた。19世紀に入る頃農産物をめぐり、ナポレオン戦争等による食料危機を契機に、国内農産物の保護をめざし、イギリスを先頭に穀物条例が実施され、輸入穀物に高率関税が課された。結果として国内農産物が高額に支えられ、農民特に地主は利益を得たが、労賃がその分高まるため産業資本家に負担増となった。19世紀中期(1846) 同条例は英国で廃止され、同国経済は大きく発展した。オランダはそれに学び、農産物のコストを下げ、むしろその輸出増を企てた。そのため、耕地整理と規模拡大、能率向上に努め成果を挙げた。ドイツは反対で現在もその輸入が多い。日本は長い鎖国と水田耕作で食糧をほぼ自給し、第二次大戦から1990年代初めまで、各種補助金で米中心の農業保護に努めた。結果として農産物(特に米)の国際競争にさらされず、伝統的零細集約(農家による労働力多量投下)耕作という国際的高コスト低能率経営を続けて来た。農地価格のみ国際的に極めて高い水準となった。他方戦後大都市を中心に都市化が急速に進むにつれ、土地の利用に合理的規制がないまま近郊農地が大量虫食い的に潰され、宅地や工場用地、道路などになった。零細農地が利潤のための合理的経営よりむしろ生活、生存のための財産となるため、宅地化される際その地価がさらに飛躍的(「宅地なり」として反から坪単位で取引)に高まる。地価高騰のため、住宅建設費のより多くが宅地購入に吸収され、その面積がより零細となり、粗悪な小住宅しか建てられなくなり、狭小過密住宅街が形成され、街路は狭く屈曲する。日本の都市形成の背景を、西欧オランダの歴史や都市形成を例に探ろうとする。, Between the 17^ and 19^ century, strong feudal powers of the Hapsburg or the Romanov con-trolled European countries. However, in the Netherlands (then called Holland) the merchant class started to rule the country from late 16^ century and developed democratic politics. By the mid-17^ century the country's economy prospered and the arts flourished. The masterpieces by the great painter Rembrandt (1606-69) "Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulip" and "The Night Watch" portrayed neither kings nor noble men but common people or ordinary citizens. At the beginning of 19^ century, a bad harvest and international conflicts forced European countries to protect their domestic food supply. They tried to discourage food imports by increasing the rate of customs. Even though peace was restored with the harvest recover, this policy was continued to protect farmers (especially land lords') interest. English economist Malthus (1766-1834) supported this policy. However, higher food price made workers' wage too high for industrial employers to afford. Another English economist Ricard (1722-1823) criticized the agricultural protection policy. Consequently the British government abolished the Corn Law in 1846 to allow the import of cheaper foreign foods. Since then the British industry developed remarkably supported by the cheaper labor cost. The Dutch government followed this British policy, and not only liberalized food import, but also tried to export its agricultural products by cutting down production cost. Dutch farmers endeavored to rationalize their agricultural works by expanding the scale of farmland, introducing new technology and other means. Turning our eyes to Japan, during this time the Tokugawa feudal regime was taking the .isolation policy and paid no attention to the world food market. Its economy then was self-sufficient. Even after the Meiji Restoration of 1868 a traditional family-based ultra-small scale (average 3 acres) rice production supported the rural system, and farmers tried to increase rice production by hard work and intensive cultivation with the financial aids from the government. Eventually, Japan's rice price has become significantly higher than international prices. However, by following the Malthus theory, the government increased the rate of customs to dis-courage the import of cheaper foreign agricultural products (especially rice). Urbanization then spread to these rural areas further pushing up the land price. As a result, the average size of land lot became smaller and smaller and the quality of houses built on it were lowered: because the land is so expensive that people cannot afford to spend enough to buy a decent house. This article aims to examine the history of Dutch policies and agriculture which will give insights into the nature and background of Japanese urban problems.

第15回宇宙科学シンポジウム (2015年1月6日-7日. 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所(JAXA)(ISAS)相模原キャンパス), 相模原市, 神奈川県, 15th Space Science Symposium (January 6-7, 2015. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(JAXA)(ISAS)Sagamihara Campus), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan, 著者人数: 17名, 資料番号: SA6000034109, レポート番号: P-109

オランダは国土の面積では、日本の九州より1.3%小さい程度の国であるが、早くから干拓を行い、国土を自らの力でつくってきた。この計画力は19世紀から20世紀に入って、近代の都市を形成していくにあたっても遺憾なく発揮された。オランダの都市構造は日本のような一極集中ではなく、都市機能をアムステルダム(商業)、ハーグ(政治)、ロッテルダム(工業)などというふうに分散させ、さらに1901年の住宅法の制定以降、公共の住宅政策において、注目すべき実績をつくりだしてきた。オランダは、戦後の福祉国家の形成においても、ユニークな実績を残してきた。労働者に対しては、失業保障に加えて、就労不能保障という日本にみられない制度をつくり、また最低賃金と公的扶助、国民の年金を連動させ、実質的に国民の福祉の高い水準を実現した。さらに高齢化社会における介護については、「特殊医療保険」という独自の制度を1967年に制定し、合わせて福祉の公共的サービスの高い水準を実現した。これらの制度を日本の国民年金、介護保険の制度と比較したとき、オランダの制度の著しい特色は、低所得者への負担をさせないシステムになっていることである。それは所得税のかなりの部分を年金の財源と介護保障の財源に充てているために、課税最低限以下の所帯に介護保障は得られるがその保険費用の負担はかからない。所得再配分が文字通り実現している。しかし近年オランダにおける国外からの移民の増大と、アブセンティズム(福祉制度の乱用)が国内の政治問題となり、政権の不安定が表面化するなど難しい問題を抱えている。, The total area of the Netherlands is 1.3% smaller than that of the island of Kyushu. The country，from its early days，have tried hard to expand the area through reclamation works，and since the mid-19th century urbanization proceeded rapidly. In Japan its national function are highly centralized in Tokyo，while in the Netherlands they are decentralized among Amsterdam (commercial)，Den Haag (administrative) and Rotterdam (indutrial). Since the promulgation of the Housing Act of 1901，the country has adopted unique public housing policies and has made remarkable achievements in this field. The Netherlands has also made significant acheivements in its post-war welfare programs. In addition to introducing unemployment insurance systems，it institutionalized the Disability Insurance program，unthinkable in Japan，and synchronized its minimum wage system with its public assistance and national pension systems to support people's healthy and comfortable life. For aged persons in need of special care，it introduced a special medical insurance system in 1967 to further improve its public welfare programs. Compared with Japan，the Netherlands attached more importance to support the daily life of lower income people. The country expends larger part of its income tax revenue for the national pension fund and welfare programs for senior citizens. Recently the Netherlands has come to face the problem of increasing number of immigrants and welfare program abuse.

過去に2回膀胱癌に対して経尿道的切除が行われ, クラスV尿細胞診の為に入院した65歳男で, 腹部CTで左腎盂に増強されない直径1.5cmの低密度域が認められた.膀胱の無作為生検では悪性細胞は発見されなかった.逆行性腎盂造影で左腎盂や尿管に陰影欠損は認められなかった.右分腎尿の細胞診断はクラスIII, 左分腎尿のそれはクラスV, であった.蛍光in situハイブリダイゼーション法上, 右分腎尿から集めた細胞は正常の二染色体パターンを示したのに対し, 左分腎尿のそれは多染色体性随伴異数染色体パターンを示した.左全腎尿管摘除術を行った.病理組織学的に浸潤性腎盂癌と診断された, A 65-year-old man, on whom transurethral resection had been performed twice for bladder cancer in the past, was admitted to our hospital for further Class V urinary cytology examination. A low density area of 1.5 cm in diameter in the left renal pelvis without enhancement was the only abnormal sign on computed tomographic (CT) imaging. Malignant cells were not detected by random biopsy of the urinary bladder. The retrograde pyelogram showed no filling defect on the left renal pelvis or ureter. The cytological diagnosis of the right split renal urine was Class III, and that of the left split renal urine was Class V. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis, using specific probes for chromosome 8q21.3 and the centromere chromosome 11, was performed on cells from the bilateral split renal urine. Cells collected from the right split renal urine showed a normal disomic pattern, while those from the left split renal urine included an aneusomic pattern with polysomy. Left total nephroureterectomy was carried out. Histopathology proved invasive renal pelvic cancer. Thus FISH analysis may be useful for the localization of renal pelvic or ureteral cancers, which are difficult to diagnose.

A case of paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma in a 22-year-old male is reported. Radiological examination revealed a gross metastatic mass in the paraaortic lymph node. Right high orchiectomy was followed by chemotherapy consisting of cisplatin, vincristine, cyclophosphamide and adriamycin (IRS-III regimen 35). A complete response was seen 4 months after start of therapy. However, recurrent disease developed in the same paraaortic lymph node 25 months postoperatively. The patient died of tumor progression 11 months later.

腎癌に対するInterferon-β(IFN-β)/Liposome製剤(IAB-1)を用いた遺伝子治療の有効性を検討した.方法は, ヒト腎癌細胞株(NC65, ACHN)および腎癌初期培養細胞(RCC1, RCC2)に対しIAB-1によりIFN-β遺伝子を導入し, IFN-βの分泌と細胞障害活性を調べた.その結果, IFN-β遺伝子導入腎癌細胞培養上清中に有意なIFN-βの分泌を認めた.IAB-1処理により腎癌細胞に対しIFN-β蛋白より有意に強い細胞障害活性を認め, この作用はアポトーシス誘導によるものであった.また, 正常細胞にもIFN-β遺伝子導入は可能であったが, 細胞障害活性はなかった.NC65腎癌細胞のIAB-1処理ではISREの活性が増強され, IAB-1で培養するとc-myc遺伝子の発現増強を認めた.SCIDマウス皮下にNC65腎癌細胞株を移植し, 形成された腫瘍へのIAB-1注入で抗腫瘍効果を認め, この効果はIFN-β蛋白より強く, 投与量依存性であった, The anticancer activity of cationic multilamellar liposomes containing human IFN-beta gene (IAB-1) against renal cell carcinoma (RCC) was examined. Concentrations of IFN-beta protein were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The cytotoxic activity of IAB-1 against RCC cells and normal renal proximal tubule endothelial cells (RPTEC5899) was examined by the microculture tetrazolium dye assay. For the in vivo study, the NC65 RCC cell line was inoculated into severe combined immunodeficiency mouse. The RCC cells treated with IAB-1 secreted significant amounts of IFN-beta protein. Significant in vitro cytotoxic activity of IAB-1 against RCC cells was observed. In contrast, treatment of RCC cells with recombinant IFN-beta protein resulted in less cytotoxicity. No significant cytotoxicity was seen in RPTEC5899 cells. Apoptosis was observed in RCC cells treated with IAB-1. The size of NC65 RCC cancers transfected with IAB-1 in mice was significantly smaller than that receiving injection of empty liposomes or recombinant IFN-beta protein. These findings show that IAB-1 may have significant antitumor activity against RCC, and suggest its potential clinical application for gene therapy against RCC.

In the reclamation area, sandy beaches are sometime constructed for marine leisure. It is difficult to construct such a sandy beach in front of the reclamation area because the water depth is generally considerably deep. In the case of construction of sandy beaches, offshore breakwaters have usually been used, but there exists no principle in the formation of stable sandy beach and no possibility of the formation. By applying the methodology for beach erosion control by headlands, it can expect to construct sandy beaches to be naturally formed between a couple of headlands. In this report, an example of the formation of stable sandy beach in the reclamation area is shown with a special reference to the Hannan-6-ku area in Osaka bay. Model experiment was carried out to examine the methodology and to determine the design conditions of stable sandy beach and headlands. It was concluded from the experiment that there exists a coupling system by headlands in the formation process of stable sandy beach. In the practical design, coastal disaster by wave over topping on the sea walls, that are constructed behind the sandy beach, was specially taken into consideration.Based on the experimental results, by construction of a couple of headlands a sandy beach is now being formed in Hannan-6-ku reclamation area satisfactorily.

左腰痛を訴えた40歳女で, 単純X線写真で左腎下極に直径7.5cmの石灰化像を認め, CT及び血管撮影で直径10cmの血管過小腫瘤を認めた.根治的左腎摘除を行った.組織学的に著明な間質石灰化を伴う淡明型, pT2N0M0の腎細胞癌であった.術後42ヵ月の現在, 再発を認めず生存中である, A 40-year-old woman presented with left lumbar pain. A plain abdominal roentgenogram showed patchy calcifications dispersed in a diameter of 7.5 cm at the lower pole of the left kidney. Computed tomography and angiography revealed a hypovascular tumor 10 cm in diameter. A left radical nephrectomy was performed. Histopathological diagnosis was renal cell carcinoma, clear cell subtype, pT2N0M0, accompanied with marked stromal calcification. The patient remains free of recurrence 42 months postoperatively. This is the 26th case reported in the Japanese literature.