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[Purpose] We examined the effect on physical and mental function of elderly persons of a group rhythm exercise designed with "safety, enjoyment, and length" as the primary considerations for elderly persons certified under the less severe grades of the long-term care insurance. [Subjects] The subjects were 20 persons (average age, 79.5 ± 7.2) certified between Need Support level 2 and Need Care level 2 who were attending a day-care service facility. [Method] The subjects were randomly allocated to an intervention and a control group. The intervention group performed an individual exercise program and the group rhythm exercise; the control group performed only the individual exercise program. To assess the effect, before the intervention and at 3 and 6 months afterwards, participants received a physical examination, performed strength tests and answered a questionnaire. [Results] In both groups a significant improvement in lower limb strength was seen. Furthermore, in the intervention group, significant improvements in mental function, walking ability and balance ability were also seen. [Conclusion] The results suggest that the group exercise could possibly become a beneficial exercise therapy for improving the mental and physical functions of elderly persons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]